GNU Free Documentation License . .

: ,

: 
Homo ()

(. 2,6    100,000 )

  • (2,6  1,8  )
  • (1,5  0,3  )
  • (0,6  0,4  )
  • (1,7  0,1  )

(300  30 . )

  • (300  30 . )
  • (500 12[1] . )
  • (90  30 . )
  • (71,9 71 . )
  • - (65,8 59,5 . )
  • (. 47  36 . )

(50  10 . )

  • (36 . )
  • (35  29 . )
  • (40 28 . )
  • - (. 32 30 . )
  • (32  26 . )
  • (28  22 . )
  • (22  12 . )
  • (21  17 . )
  • (19 17 . )
  • (18  10 . )
  • (18  8 . )
  • (18  10 . )

(14 10 . )

  • (14 . )
  • (11 . )
  • (10 . )
  1. Cole S., The Prehistory of East Africa. London., 1954, p. 169.

.
:

́ (. παλαιός  . λίθος  ) ( )  ( homo) ( 2,5  )[1][2][3] 10 . .[2][3][4]. 1865 . .   , , . ( 99 %) [3]   .

, . ,   . , , , . [5]. , .

(2,5  ) , Homo habilis. (Homo sapiens). , , [5][6][7][8]. , , .

1210 . .   [9].

, . , . , .

XIX , . , . , «»[10][11].

[]

:

2,6   150 . . . Homo habilis, , , , Homo erectus , , . , . , , . , . . : , , . , .

[]

( ) 30 
50 .

. , [12], . . , , , , - , .

, , , , 100 [13].

, , , , , , . , , . , [12].

. . , , 1500-3000 , ( 100 ) . , .

-, . , , . , 20 . , , , , [13], . , , , . , , . . , , , .

[]

:

. Ÿ   , . : , , , , . Homo, , .

«» Homo  Homo habilis ( ), 2,6  . . , Homo habilis , .

Homo heidelbergensis ( ), (Homo neanderthalensis) , , Homo sapiens. 500400 . . .

, 1,5-1  . . , Homo erectus ( ). Homo habilis , , Paranthropus boisei, , , , Homo habilis , . , , , .

Homo habilis . , 2  , Homo ergaster[14][15], Homo erectus. Homo ergaster/Homo erectus  , [16].

. , Homo rhodesiensis, . ,   , Homo heidelbergensis, . , Homo erectus.

[]

1) (2,6   900 . ) . , , . , Homo habilis ­- - (2,8  2,4  ), - (2  ). .

3 :

) ()  , .

) . , . . .

)   , , , .   , . .

2) (1,5   300 . ) , : ( ). , . .

3) (1,6   150 . ) . «», «». , . , . .

[]

, 400000 . . .

- , , [17][18]. , , , [18][19]. , [5]. , -, , , [5]. , , - , [18][20]. , , , , , , [21].

[]

, , , , , , , , , [18]. , , Homo habilis 2,6  [22] 250 . . , Homo ergaster 1,65  1,8  [23]. , , .   100 . [24].

, , , , , , , , , , . - 5  , , , .[25]. , . Homo erectus 300 . , , 1,5  Homo habilis , .[5]. , , . . , , [3][26].

, Homo erectus 800840 . [27][28][29]. [28]. , , , .

[]

Homo habilis Homo erectus , , , [30]. -, « » , , , 1,7  , 500 . [31].

, [30], , , Homo erectus, , , [32]. , Homo erectus , , [33].

[]

, , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , , . .   . , , , , .[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. , , [17][44][45], [17][45]. , (, ), [44]. , - , [46][47][48]. , , .

, , , , [49]. [50]. ,   . , , , , .[51][52], . , , , , , [52].

. , . , , . , . , , . , , , , . .

[]

 

Homo erectus . , , . Homo erectus . 200300 . [53], . , (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis),   (Homo neanderthalensis).

Homo erectus . , , , . , . , , , [31]. .

( 100 . ) (Homo sapiens) .   , [54][55],   , . ( )   [26][56][55]. , , , , [21][57]. , , , , , [5][21][33][54][55][57][58][59][60]. , , [61][62], , 120 . [21]. , Homo sapiens [21].

, , [7][19], [63][18]. , , , [5][18][64][65][66]. , [54][67][68]. , , , , [69].

, , , . , . , , . , [70]. , , , , , [54][71].

-, . 300 . . .

, , , ,   130 . . , [72]. , , . , [52][73], . 70 . , [8]. 30 . , [74]. .

, , , , , -, 300 . , ,   75 . [75][76]. , , [54][61][77][78][79][80].

Homo sapiens sapiens, . , (. ). , , Homo . Homo sapiens , -, , , , , . .

[]

 

: 35 000  8000 . .   Homo sapiens sapiens.   (), (). , , . 29  22 . [26],   , [81], , , , [5][82]. , , ( ) [5].

, , , 14 . [83]. . , , 30 . , 100 . [84].

30 . . , . [85]. , [86][86]. , [59].

, ( , . ) [54][74][87][88][89][90][91].

, , , [92]. : . , ,   [92]. , [93]. , [94]. -, , [66][95][96][97][98].

: , , , . , , [52]. , [68] . - [99][100], , , , . , , [93], , , . , [80] . ,   , .

, -, , , , [5][54], . , . , , [101][102][103], .

, . , , , , . , . , .

:

[]

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