, - .
, , , , [1]
(%) |
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|---|---|---|
| H2O | 36 72 % | |
| CO2 | 9 26 % | |
| CH4 | 4 9 % | |
| O3 | 3 7 % |
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21 , . 12 . .
, , ( . . ). , ( ). 1000 1700 40 %, ( , , , , , ). , , .
, , 400000 . 1750 150 700 1745 (ppbv) 1998 . , , . 1970- 20 ppbv . 1980- 9-13 ppbv . 1990 1998 0 13 ppbv . (Dlugokencky .) 1751 ppbv 1999 2002 .[2]
. . (). , 3 . () . 90% . : (Cl) . 7% 2% .[3]
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. , , , 25% 2. , , , [].
, (NOx), () . , , . , , . 22 , , OH HO2.[4]
, . , , 2 2 XX . (Sitch . 2007) , , . 1-2 2, (Wallack Ramanathan, 2009).[7]
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298 , .
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1300-8500 . .
[] .
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- : Kiehl, J. T.; Kevin E. Trenberth (1997-02). «Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget». Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78 (2): 197-208. DOI:<0197:EAGMEB>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0197:EAGMEB>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0003-0007. 2011-08-15.
- Greenhouse Gas Online
- The IPCC Assessment Reports
- Stevenson et al. Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone. American Geophysical Union (2006). 16 2006.
- The Air Quality Index
- Live map of ground-level ozone
- The Copenhagen Diagnosis: Climate Science Report
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