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: ,
- Xysticus
- Xysticus

Araneae Clerck, 1757

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ITIS   82732
NCBI   6893

́ (. Araneae, Aranei, : 42 1,1 [1][2]. 2888 [3]. .   , .   - Bagheera kiplingi, [4]. , , .

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: [5], (. petiolus s. pediculus), , ( Myrmecium, Formicinoides); : ; : (chelicerota, chelae, mandibulae), , , , , , , (palpi), 6 (coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia tarsus).   .

(rostrum) , ; (sternum), (pars labialis), (lamina maxillares).

, 7 : (), (trochanter), (femur), (patella), (tibia), (metatarsus) (tarsus), , .

:
(1)
(2)
(3)

, (Theridion, Erigone), , (Eriauchenius), , 8, 6 2 ( Nops Caponina), , , Pholcus podophthalmus E. Sim., . , : , , , (   ) (tapetum lucidum).

, , , ( Gasteracantha, Phoroncidia), , (Ariamnes flagellum Dol.); , ,   (epigynum s. sarum) , (clavus s. ovipositor).

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: (. prosoma, cephalothorax)   , (. opisthosoma). (. pedicel).[6]

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34 . , , , .   .

. , ( ). , ().

[] ,

, [5]. . , . ( ) .

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, , . 20 % 30 % .

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, . . thrichobotria, . , , .
. , , - (Lycosidae), - (Oxyopidae) - (Salticidae), . - , . , . , , . .
-, , Araneus diadematus, . , . , .
, . . , , , .

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. .

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50 % 200-300 . : ,  . :

  • glandula aggregata  ;
  • glandula ampulleceae  ;
  • glandula pyriformes  ;
  • glandula aciniformes  ;
  • glandula tubiliformes  ;
  • glandula coronatae  .

.[7]

  , 200400 %.[7] , , , . .[8]

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-. ˸ , . .

, , ( ). , . , 5 10 . .

. . .

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. , . , , , , .

. , . , «» , . , . () , . .

(. ).

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: .   Patu digua 0,37 .   , 9 ,   25 [9].

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( (. ommochrome), (. bilin) ), , . , , , . . , , , Micrommata virescens  . , , (Araneus diadematus). , , (. guanocytes). , : Tetragnatha, Leucauge, Argyrodes Theridiosoma, . , .[10] , , , . Argiope  , Lycosa Josa , , .[10]

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, . . , . . , , . [5].

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[2]. [11]. : , [12], , , . , ( );   100 )[13].

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, .[14] , , . . , , [15].

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-

- [16]. [17].

- .

, , , . , Atracinae , -, . «». , , , [18].

[19], [20], [21] [22].

(« ») , , , , [23][24]. , , «N-slit interferometer»[25].

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  , ( ), . , .

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, , -, (2000),  . . « »   [26] .

[] .

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  1. Platnick, N. I. (2012) . The world spider catalog, version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History. (.)  ( 9  2012)
  2. 1 2 Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D., Jekel, D. (2010). A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 11.5 American Museum of Natural History.  (.)  ( 27  2010)
  3. .
  4. Meehan, C. J., Olson, E. J., Reudink, M. W., Kyser, T. K., Curry, R. L. (2009). Herbivory in a spider through exploitation of an ant-plant mutualism. Current Biology 19 (19): r892-893. .  (.)  ( 27  2010)
  5. 1 2 3 . . .
  6.   ! ,
  7. 1 2 ظ
  8. Levi H. W., Levi L. R. A Guide to Spiders and Their Kin. A Golden Nature Guide. Golden Press, New York, 1968, 160 p. (pp. 20, 44).
  9. 1 2 Oxford, G.S. & Gillespie, R.G. (1998). Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration. Annual Review of Entomology 43:619-643. DOI:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.619
  10. Selden, P. A., Anderson, H. M., Anderson, J. M. (2009). A review of the fossil record of spiders (Araneae) with special reference to Africa, and description of a new specimen from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa. African Invertebrates 50 (1): 105116. ,  (.)  ( 27  2010)
  11. Penney, D., Selden, P.A. (2007). Spinning with the dinosaurs: the fossil record of spiders. Geology Today 23 (6): 231237. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2007.00641.x  (.)  ( 27  2010)
  12. Hecht, H. Oldest spider web found in amber. New Scientist  (.)  ( 27  2010)
  13. Spiders. Illinois Department of Public Health. 15 2012. 11 2008.
  14. . . .
  15. Ray, N. Lonely Planet Cambodia.  Lonely Planet Publications, 2002.  P. 308.  ISBN 1-74059-111-9
  16. Weil, C. Fierce Food.  Plume, 2006.  ISBN 0452287006
  17. Spider Venom Could Yield Eco-Friendly Insecticides. National Science Foundation (USA).
  18. Novak, K. (2001). «Spider venom helps hearts keep their rhythm». Nature Medicine 7 (155): 155. DOI:10.1038/84588. PMID 11175840.
  19. Lewis, R.J., and Garcia, M.L. (2003). «Therapeutic potential of venom peptides» (PDF). Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2 (10): 790802. DOI:10.1038/nrd1197. PMID 14526382.
  20. Bogin, O. (Spring 2005). «Venom Peptides and their Mimetics as Potential Drugs» (PDF). Modulator (19).
  21. Andrade E (2008). «Penile erection induced in vivo by a purified toxin from the Brazilian spider Phoneutria nigriventer». British Journal of Urology International 102 (7): 8357. DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07762.x. PMID 18537953.
  22. Hinman, M.B., Jones J.A., and Lewis, R.W. (2000). «Synthetic spider silk: a modular fiber» (PDF). Trends in Biotechnology 18 (9): 3749. DOI:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)01481-5. PMID 10942961.
  23. Menassa, R., Zhu, H., Karatzas, C.N., Lazaris, A., Richman, A., and Brandle, J. (2004). «Spider dragline silk proteins in transgenic tobacco leaves: accumulation and field production». Plant Biotechnology Journal 2 (5): 4318. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00087.x. PMID 17168889.
  24. Duarte, F.J., Taylor T.S., Black, A.M., Davenport W.E., and Varmette, P.G. (2011). «N-slit interferometer for secure free-space optical communications: 527 m intra interferometric path length». Journal of Optics 13 (3): 035710. DOI:10.1088/2040-8978/13/3/035710.
  25. Rob Suisted

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(18901907).
  • . . (Aranei) .  ., 1968.  150 .
  • ..: , 1972.  206 .
  • . / - . . .  .: , 1969.  . 3.  576 .
  • . . , , .  ., 1965.  304 .
  • . . (Arachnida, Aranei) .  .: , 1997.  416 .
  • . ..: , 1971.  282 .
  • . . 1990. Arachnida ( ). , 24: 417.
  • Brignoli, P. M. 1983. A catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981. Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, 755 pp.
  • Platnick, N. I. 1989. Advances in Spider Taxonomy 19811987: A Supplement to Brignolis A Catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981. Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, 673 pp.
  • Platnick, N. I. 1990. Spinneret morphology and the phylogeny of ground spiders (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). Amer. Mus. Novit. 2978: 142.
  • Platnick, N. I. 1993. Advances in spider taxonomy 19881991, with synonymies and transfers 19401980. New York Entomol. Soc., New York, 846 pp.
  • Platnick, N. I. 1998. Advances in spider taxonomy 19921995 with redescriptions 19401980. New York Entomol. Soc., New York, 976 pp.
  • Platnick, N. I. 1999. Dimensions of biodiversity: targeting megadiverse groups. In: Cracraft, J. and F. T. Grifo (eds.), The Living Planet in Crisis: Biodiversity Science and Policy. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, pp. 3352.
  • Platnick, N. I. 2000. A relimitation and revision of the Australasian ground spider family Lamponidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 245: 1330. (-)
  • Platnick, N. I. 20002011. The world spider catalog, version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History. [1]

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