GNU Free Documentation License . .

: ,

́ ́ \mathbb{R}^n. , .

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\mathbb{P} \mathbb{R}^n, \left(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^n),\mathbb{P}\right), \mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^n) σ- \mathbb{R}^n. m \mathbb{R}^n.

1. \mathbb{P} ( ) (\mathbb{P} \ll m), :

\forall B \in \mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^n),\; ( m(B) = 0 ) \Rightarrow ( \mathbb{P}(B) = 0 ) .

\mathbb{P} , - f:\mathbb{R}^n \to [0,\infty) ,

\mathbb{P}(B) = \int\limits_{B} f(x)\, dx,

m(dx) \equiv dx, .

2. , (X, \mathcal F) , \mu \nu . f, \nu \mu

\nu(A) = \int_A f d\mu,

\nu \mu, - \nu \mu,

f=\frac{d\nu}{d\mu}.

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  • . f \mathbb{P} f(x) = g(x) , g \mathbb{P}.
  • :
\mathbb{P}\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right) = \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^n} f(x)\, dx = 1.

, f(x) .. , \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^n}f(x)\, dx = 1, \mathbb{P} \mathbb{R}^n , f(x) .

  • :
\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^n} \varphi(x)\, \mathbb{P}(dx) = \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^n}\varphi(x)\, f(x)\, dx,

\varphi:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R} , \mathbb{P}.

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(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}), X:\Omega \to \mathbb{R}^n ( ). X \mathbb{P}^X \left(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^n)\right), X.

3. \mathbb{P}^X , f_X = \frac{d\mathbb{P}^X}{dx} X. X .

:

\mathbb{P}(X \in B) = \int\limits_{B} f_X(x)\, dx.

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  • . , , , .
F_X(x_1,\ldots, x_n) = \mathbb{P}\left(X \in \prod\limits_{i=1}^n (-\infty,x_i]\right) = \int\limits_{-\infty}^{x_n} \!\! \ldots \!\! \int\limits_{-\infty}^{x_1} f_X(x'_1,\ldots, x'_n)\, dx'_1\ldots dx'_n.

:

F_X(x) = \int\limits_{-\infty}^x f_X(x')\, dx'.

f_X \in C(\mathbb{R}^n), F_X \in \mathcal{D}(\mathbb{R}^n),

\frac{\partial^n}{\partial x_1 \ldots \partial x_n} F_X(x_1,\ldots, x_n) = f_X(x_1,\ldots, x_n).

:

\frac{d}{dx} F_X(x) = f_X(x).
\mathbb{E}[g(X)] = \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^n} g(x) \, \mathbb{P}^X(dx) = \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^n} g(x)\, f_X(x)\, dx,

g: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R} , \mathbb{E}[g(X)] .

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X:\Omega \to \mathbb{R}^n , g:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n , J_g(x) \not=0,\; \forall x\in \mathbb{R}^n, J_g(x) g x. Y = g(X) , :

f_Y(y) = f_X\left(g^{-1}(y)\right) \vert J_{g^{-1}}(y) \vert.

:

f_Y(y) = f_X\left(g^{-1}(y)\right) \left\vert \frac{dg^{-1}}{dy}(y)\right\vert.

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