Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöà ãîðû
Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöà ãîðû (Ôüÿëëêîíàí, èñë. Fjallkonan) æåíñêîå îëèöåòâîðåíèå (íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ïåðñîíèôèêàöèÿ) Èñëàíäèè.  îáðàçå Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöû ãîðû îòîáðàæåíî ãëóáîêî óêîðåíèâøååñÿ æåëàíèå èñëàíäöåâ áûòü íåçàâèñèìîé íàöèåé. Áóäó÷è íàöèîíàëüíûì ñèìâîëîì, Ôüÿëëêîíàí âîïëîùàåò ñòðåìëåíèå èñëàíäöåâ ê íåçàâèñèìîñòè. Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöà ãîð èçîáðàæàåòñÿ ñâåòëîâîëîñîé (êàê áîëüøèíñòâî èñëàíäöåâ).[1] Çà÷àñòóþ îíà îäåòà â ñèíåå èëè ÷åðíîå ïëàòüå è áåëûé ãîëîâíîé óáîð.
Ñîäåðæàíèå |
[ïðàâèòü] Îáðàç â ïîýçèè
Âïåðâûå Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöà ãîðû áûëà îïèñàíà â ïîýìå Ofsjónir Ýããåðòà Îëàôñîíà (àíãë.), (1752), îäíàêî å¸ èìÿ áûëî óïîìÿíóòî â ïåðâûé ðàç â ïîýìå Eldgamla Ísafold Áüÿðíà Òîðàðåíñåíà (àíãë.). Íà÷èíàÿ ñ òîãî âðåìåíè îíà ñòàëà õîðîøî èçâåñòíûì ñèìâîëîì â èñëàíäñêîé ïîýçèè.
Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöà ãîðû
áûëà íàøèì ñâÿùåííûì ñèìâîëîì ïîêëîíåíèÿ
ýòîé ñóðîâîé ïðèðîäå.
Äèêàÿ êðàñîòà, åäâà ñäåðæèâàåìàÿ â å¸ êðèñòàëüíî ÷èñòûõ ãëàçàõ,
- àðõåòèï èñëàíäñêèõ ãîð. [2]
[ïðàâèòü] Èçîáðàæåíèå îáðàçà
 1864 è 1866 ãîäàõ áûë îïóáëèêîâàí àíãëèéñêèé ïåðåâîä èñëàíäñêèõ íàðîäíûõ ñêàçîê ïîä íàçâàíèåì «Èñëàíäñêèå ëåãåíäû», ñîáðàííûå Éîíîì Àðíàñîíîì.  ýòîì èçäàíèè ïðèñóòñòâóåò èçîáðàæåíèå «æåíùèíû ãîð», âûïîëíåííîå íåìåöêèì õóäîæíèêîì É.Á. Öâåêåðîì, êîòîðûé äåòàëèçèðîâàë îáðàç Ôüÿëëêîíàí ïðè ïîìîùè Ýéðèêóðà Ìàãíóññîíà (àíãë.), îäíîãî èç ïåðåâîä÷èêîâ. Ìàãíóññîí îïèñàë èçîáðàæåíèå â ïèñüìå ê Éîíó Ñèãóðäññîíó (àíãë.) 11 àïðåëÿ 1866 ãîäà. Äðóãîé îáðàç Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöû ãîð ñîçäàí Áåíåäèêòîì Ãð¸íäàëåì íà ïàìÿòíîé îòêðûòêå ê íàöèîíàëüíîìó ïðàçäíèêó â 1874 ãîäó. Îäåæäà Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöû ãîð âïåðâûå ïðåäñòàâëåíà â Âèííèïåãå (Êàíàäà) â 1924 ãîäó.
[ïðàâèòü] Îáðàç â íàöèîíàëüíûõ òðàäèöèÿõ
Ñ ìîìåíòà îñíîâàíèÿ Èñëàíäñêîé ðåñïóáëèêè â 1944 ãîäó, ÷òåíèå ïîýìû «Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöû ãîðû» â äåíü íåçàâèñèìîñòè (17 èþíÿ) ñòàëî èñëàíäñêîé òðàäèöèåé. Æåíùèíà â îáðàçå Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöû ãîð, îäåòàÿ â ïðàçäíè÷íûé èñëàíäñêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé êîñòþì è äåêëàìèðóþùàÿ ñòèõîòâîðåíèå, ïðèíèìàåò ó÷àñòèå â åæåãîäíûõ ïðàçäíåñòâàõ â ÷åñòü Äíÿ íåçàâèñèìîñòè Èñëàíäèè. Îíà îëèöåòâîðÿåò äóõ èñëàíäñêîé íàöèè è ïðèðîäû Èñëàíäèè. Îáðàç Ïîâåëèòåëüíèöû ãîð âî ìíîãîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàñëåäèåì ïåðèîäà ðîìàíòèçìà, êîòîðûé ïðèø¸ëñÿ íà òî âðåìÿ, êîãäà íà îñòðîâå ñîâåðøàëèñü ïåðâûå øàãè ê íåçàâèñèìîñòè Èñëàíäèè.[3]
[ïðàâèòü] Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ
[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè
- Fjallkonan (àíãë.)
- Description of the drawing of J.B. Zweck by Eiríkur Magnússon in a letter to Jón Sigurðsson. (àíãë.)
- Icelandic Legends volume 2 in Google Books (àíãë.)
- Picture designed by Benedikt Gröndal (àíãë.)
- The poem 'Eldgamla Ísafold' by Bjarni Thorarensen (àíãë.)
- List of women who have represented Fjallkonan. (àíãë.)
- [1] (àíãë.)
