GNU Free Documentation License . .

: ,

́ (. préservatif, . praeservo  ), ́ (. condom . , . , (). , , , .

[]

400 . , , , 1640 .[1] 16 VIII. . , .[2]

[]

Grotte des Combarelles[3], 1215 .

, . , , [4], , . , (, ), , , [5]. , , , [6].

, , , . , , , [7], [8].

, II . , - , , . , [8][9].

V , , , XV . , [10]. , , , [11]. , . , , [12].

XV . , , . ,   [13]. XV , « ». , , [14].

[]

«De Morbo Gallico» (« »), (1564 ).

XV . , « 1495 . , . ( .)»[15] 1505 [16].

«De Morbo Gallico» (« », ) XVI , 1564 , . , , , : , , . [17]. , 1100 , [8].

«De Morbo Gallico» . . 1605 «De iustitia et iure» (« ») (Leonardus Lessius): [18]. «un petit linge» ( ) 1655 «LEscole des filles» (« »). 1666 (English Birth Rate Commission) ,   «» (condons). «» [19].

, . XIII . , 1640- , ; -, I[20].

[] XVIII

XVIII , . : , 1708 [21]. Ҹ (Daniel Turner) . 1717 . , , . - , , , . (Jean Astruc) 1736 , Ҹ . XVIII , : , [22].

, . XVIII . , «» (skin), [23]. , , , . , 1774 : , , , [8].

, , . 1800 , 30 [24]. ( 1800 ) , , «»[23].

XIX . ,   . [25].

[] XIX

XIX . (Richard Carlile), -   (Robert Dale Owen), , (Charles Knowlton). - ( , ), , .[26] , ; 1840- , - .[27]

1820- 1870-, - , . , . , - (Elizabeth Blackwell), « »[28]. 1840- , 1861  New York Times[29].

1843 (Thomas Hancock) , 1844 (Charles Goodyear), -, . 1855 [30], 1850- , , . , . « » , - . XIX «» [31]. . , . , . , , , , [32].

XIX . 1873 - (Comstock act), , «, » («obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious») . , . , 30 , [33]. 1889 « » (Indecent Advertisements Act), , - [34]. XIX , [35]. , , (male shield) (rubber good)[36]. XIX « » (a little something for the weekend)[37]. , 1970-[38].

. XIX . , [39].

, XIX . , - 1890 1900 , 45 % [40]. , , , [41].

1870- , E. Lambert and Son of Dalston[37]. 1882 (Julius Schmidt), , , Julius Schmid, Inc. , 1890 ( ) , [42]. 1912 (Julius Fromm) : , , , [30][43]. , . , , Julius Schmid, Inc.[35] , . , Fromms Act, [30]. 1938 , 117 . , . , 12 1945 , - [44].

1900 .

XIX , . , [45]. , . . , . , , [46].

[] XXXXI

[] 19001929

, , XIX [47]. XX , , , [48]. , , , [49]. 400.000 , [50].

, .

XIX , , . , , . Schmid, Inc. XIX Youngs Rubber Company [51]. 1920- [52].

1918 , , , . , .[53] , 30 [54]. 45 [55]. 1920- , [56]. . , , . , , , [57]. , [58]. 1920- [59].

. - , - , . - . . 1920 « ». - (Arthur Winnington-Ingram) , [60].

. , , . « » («a little something for the weekend»), , Boots, 1920-, 1960-[61]. , - . . , , .[62].

1920 . Youngs Rubber Company . , , 5 , 3 , . , Youngs Rubber Company. 1932 London Rubber Company, , , Durex[63].

1920- . , $20,000, $2,000,000 . , , [64]. «», , «» [65].

[]

1927 . 1931 [66]. [67]. , : . 1931 (National Council of Churches) [68].

. Casti Connubii, . , . 1930 , 1930- . , [69].

1932 . - . , . 1936 United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries, [53]. 1938 300 , , , [70]. , (Surgeon General) (Thoman Parran), . 1940 [71].

, , . - 1920-. . [72]. 1933 , . , 72  [73].

, , . . 1,5  , 33  ( ). : « ». , : , , ,   [74].

1930- . 1935 2000 , , , 60 % . , 25 % . FDA 1937 , . Youngs Rubber Company , , , ( ) 1938 . 1940 en:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, FDA . FDA 864 000 . , .[75]

[] 19391980

-, , [76]. , «Dont forget  put it on before you put it in.»[77]. . , [78]. (Womens Army Corps) - [79]. . , 1941 [80]. , [81]. - , . . . , .

. , . , . ; , « » 1960 [82]. 1947 , [83].

. 1955 1965 , 42 % . 19501960, 60 % . , , . 1957 . 1960-, , . , 1960-, , . 19661970 , . , . (United States Agency for International Development) : 1970- .[84]

1960- 1970- ,[85], . 1965 « » (Griswold v. Connecticut) , . 1967 , 1971 . « », .[86] ( , , 18 ) 1978 . ( 1993 .)[87]

, . 1950- National Association of Broadcasters . 1979 , [88]. , Penthouse[89]. 1975 . - , [90]. 30 [54].

[]

New York Times () 3 1981[91]. 1982 , [92]. , (Surgeon General) - (Charles Everett Koop) . . ,   , , . 1990 (Jesse Helms) ,   [93].

, [94]. Youngs Rubber , , , « ». 1983 ( )[95]. 19851987 , [96]. : 10 , 80 %,   20 %[97]. 1988 , [98]. 17 1991 [99]. 1990- ,   .[100]

, , Wal-Mart[100]. « » [101]. 1994, . condom fatigue ( ) prevention fatigue. , .[102][103] [104]. : 1990- Durex , Avanti[105]. Durex , -. 1997 [106]. : , 2015 18,6  [107]

[]

« »

, [   358 ], « ». .

. , «». , , « 4645-49» : « № 2, ».   ,   1949. 01.01.1983 4645-81[108], ( ) .

[   358 ]: № 1  , № 2  , № 3  . № 2. . . . «» : « № 2». «№ 2»   . , , , « », ( «»), .

(1955)

, 2 . 43 ( 1961 )[   358 ]. 4 . 60-   . 2 . , 70- , , . 10 .[   358 ] 6 , 1 . 06 . .

[]

preservatif, .

XIX , condon 1666 (. « »). , «» ( , ), . , II, - (Earl of Condom), [109]. ; , 100 , II [110].

, condon ()[111], condamina ()[112] cumdum ().[113] guantone, guanto .[114] . (William E. Kruck) 1981 , : « , , , »[115]. [116].

«».[   358 ] prophylactics () rubbers ().   French letters[117] ( ).

[]

. , , . , . . , , .

[]

[]

: 30 , 800 % [118]. 1990 (ISO) (ISO 4074, Natural latex rubber condoms). (CEN) (Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices). . , . , .[119].

(, ): - , [120].

  0,06 (60 ). , 0,04 , «Sensitive», «Light»  . ., (, ), 0,1 ,  «Extra safe», «Forced».

[]

. , AT-10 (AT-10 resin), [121].

( Sagami original  20 ). , . 40 70 [122]. .

: , , , . , , , [123]. FDA . , , [124].

, , , [123][125], .

  . [126], , , [126].

[]

« » ( )  . , , . , , , , , , [127]. .

[]

-9, , (). Consumer Reports, , , [128]. , [129].

, -9 , , , -9 [130]. , . , , , [131]. 2005 , 9 -9, Planned Parenthood [132], FDA [133].

[]

. , . . , . , . 2008 , , , [134].

[]

, , , . .[135] , ; - , , , G- . [136]. , . .

[]

, . , .

(. en:Anti-rape device). , .

«» , , [137]. [136].

[]

[]

.

, , . , . , [138]. , , , decrement tables[139].

:

, , , , , .

(2007), 3,5 % 2 % . 4,8 %[140].

[]

. . , 100 % , , , , , , [141].

(), 2000 , - 85 %, 6,7 0,9 100 -, .[142]

2006 , 70 %.[143] , HSV-2, , , .[144]

, . , , , .[145] , , , .[119]

. , , . .[146] , , , , , .[147]

[]

[148] - (, ). ( - , ). 0,4 % 2,3 %, 0,6 % 1,3 %.[142] , 1-2 % .[149][150]

, .[151][152]

. , .[153] , , ,   .[154]

, («snug size») («magnum size») . , , / .[155][156] , , .[120]

, , . , , .[157] Population Reports, .[158] Family Health International, .[120]

, - , . , , , , . .[159]

  .   . , .[150][160]   .[161] , , .[162]

[]

. . , : 80 % . , : 28 % , , . , 6-8 %.[163]

. , 2001 - , , 35 % , double bagging.[164] ( , , , .)

[]

Condom placement demonstration.ogv

, , , . , . , , [165].

, , . , . ,   [166].

[]

, . , « , »[167].

, [168]. «Planned Parenthood», , , , , , , , , 75% , , [169].

[]

, , . ,   (collection condom) .

, . , . , , , ( , ), . , , [170]. , , , [160].

, . , . , [171].

[]

, , , ,   . , :

:

[]

[]

.[165]

[165], . «» , . EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) , [185].

. . , , , , .[165] , , .[186]

[]

. ,   [187]. , . , , , [187][188].

(Nitrosamines), [189], , [190]. 2001 , 1000-10000 , , , - [191]. 2004 29 32 , , 1,5-3 [192].

[]

- , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , -.[193]. 2010 XVI , [194].

- .[195] [196], [197].

[]

. , , [198]. , , . XIX .

  • Sagami Rubber Industries Co., Ltd. 1934, - . 1934 . 1949 ( ) . 1963 . 1976 . 1998 . 1999 , 100 . 2000 , , - . 80 .
  • Pasante Healthcare Ltd. 2000 30 % . Pasante .[207].

[]

XX , , [208].

[]

. 2008

, , (Invisible Condom). , - . . . 2005 [209].

2005 , . , . 2007 .[210]

Schweizer Fernsehen 29 2006 , (Jan Vinzenz Krause) (Institut für Kondom-Beratung) . , 5 [211][212].

[]

  1. Worlds oldest condom
  2. Condoms: history, testing effectiveness and availability
  3. Collier, Aine (2007). The Humble Little Condom: A History. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-556-6. . 11
  4. Collier, . 12, 1617, 22
  5. Collier, .17, 23
  6. Collier, . 21, 24
  7. Collier, . 1315, 1820
  8. 1 2 3 4 Youssef, H (1993). «The history of the condom». Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 86, . 226228.
  9. Colliet, . 18
  10. Collier, . 33, 42
  11. Collier, . 35, 37
  12. Collier, .3841
  13. Collier, . 6061
  14. Collier, . 61
  15. Diamond, Jared (1997). Guns, Germs and Steel. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 210. ISBN 0-393-03891-2.
  16. Collier, . 5060
  17. Collier, . 51, 5455
  18. Collier, . 56
  19. Collier, . 6668
  20. Collier, . 6869
  21. Collier, . 73
  22. Collier, . 8688, 92
  23. 1 2 Collier, . 9495
  24. Collier, . 116117
  25. Collier, . 119121
  26. Collier, . 88, 90, 125, 129130
  27. Collier, . 126, 136
  28. Collier, . 130132
  29. Collier, . 127, 138
  30. 1 2 3 «Rubbers havent always been made of rubber». Billy Boy: The excitingly different condom.
  31. Collier, . 134135, 157, 219
  32. Collier, . 135
  33. Collier, . 144, 193
  34. Collier, . 163164, 168
  35. 1 2 Collier, . 169170
  36. Collier, . 146147
  37. 1 2 Collier, . 165
  38. Collier, . 171
  39. Collier, . 129, 152153
  40. Collier, . 173174
  41. Collier, . 192193
  42. 1 2 Collier, . 154156
  43. Collier, . 200
  44. Book Tells Little-Known Tale of Revolutionary Condom-Maker
  45. Collier, . 137138, 159
  46. Collier, . 176
  47. Collier, . 169, 181
  48. Collier, . 180183
  49. Collier, . 187190
  50. 1 2 Collier, . 191
  51. Collier, . 156, 170, 191
  52. Collier, . 199
  53. 1 2 Biographical Note. The Margaret Sanger Papers. Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. (1995). 23 2011. 25 2009.
  54. 1 2 Collier, . 266
  55. Collier, . 192
  56. Collier, . 197
  57. Collier, . 204, 206, 221222
  58. Collier, . 223
  59. Collier, . 210
  60. Collier, . 211-2
  61. Collier, . 208210
  62. Collier, . 213214
  63. Collier, . 199200
  64. Collier, . 201203
  65. Collier, . 220
  66. Collier, . 213
  67. Collier, . 217
  68. Collier, . 227
  69. Collier, . 228-9
  70. Collier, . 216, 226
  71. Collier, . 234
  72. Collier, . 254-5
  73. Collier, . 252
  74. Collier, . 217-9
  75. Collier, . 223-5
  76. Collier, . 236-8,259
  77. A History of Birth Control Methods
  78. Collier, . 246
  79. Collier, . 240
  80. Collier, . 252-4, 257-8
  81. Collier, pp.231-3
  82. Collier, . 234, 259-61
  83. Collier, . 261-2, 281-4
  84. Collier, . 267-9, 272-5
  85. Collier, . 267,2 85
  86. Collier, . 276-9
  87. Collier, . 329-30
  88. Collier, . 273-4, 285
  89. Collier, . 285-6
  90. Collier, . 274
  91. Collier, . 294
  92. (1982-06-18) «A Cluster of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia among Homosexual Male Residents of Los Angeles and range Counties, California». Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 31 (23): 3057. 2008-06-15.
  93. Collier, . 296-7
  94. Collier, . 299, 301
  95. Collier, . 303
  96. Collier, . 299, 301, 306-7, 312-8
  97. Collier, . 309, 314317
  98. Collier, . 311
  99. New York Times
  100. 1 2 Collier, . 305
  101. Collier, . 322
  102. Adam, Barry D.; Winston Husbands, James Murray, and John Maxwell (August 2005). «AIDS optimism, condom fatigue, or self-esteem? Explaining unsafe sex among gay and bisexual men». Journal of Sex Research (FindArticles.com). 2008-06-29.
  103. Walder, Rupert Condom Fatigue in Western Europe?. Rupert Walder's blog. RH Reality Check (31  2007). 23 2011. 29 2008.
    Jazz Condom Fatigue Or Prevention Fatigue. Isnare.com. 23 2011. 29 2008.
  104. Collier, . 303-4
  105. Collier, . 324-5
  106. Collier, . 319
  107. Collier, . 342
  108. 4645-81
  109. A brief history of condoms
  110. Collier, . 54, 68
  111. A History of Birth Control Methods. Planned Parenthood (June 2002). 23 2011. 2 2008.
  112. Thundy, Zacharias P. (Summer 1985). «The Etymology of Condom». American Speech 60 (2): 177179. DOI:10.2307/455309. 2007-04-07.
  113. Collier, . 70-71
  114. Harper, Douglas Condom. Online Etymology Dictionary (November 2001). 23 2011. 7 2007.
  115. Kruck, William E. (1981). «Looking for Dr Condom». Publication of the American Dialect Society 66 (7): 1105.
  116. Condom. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. Bartleby.com (2000). 23 2011. 7 2007.
  117. French letter. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (2007). 23 2011. 7 2007.
  118. (1980) «Relationship of condom strength to failure during use». PIACT Prod News 2 (2): 12. PMID 12264044.
  119. 1 2 Nordenberg, Tamar (March-April 1998). «Condoms: Barriers to Bad News». FDA Consumer magazine (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2007-06-07.
  120. 1 2 3 Spruyt, Alan B. (1998). «Chapter 3: User Behaviors and Characteristics Related to Condom Failure». The Latex Condom: Recent Advances, Future Directions (Family Health International). 2007-04-08.
  121. HealthNewsDigest.com (2008-07-31). Lifestyles Condoms Introduces Polyisoprene Non-latex. -. 2008-08-24.
  122. Condoms. Condom Statistics and Sizes (12  2008). 23 2011. 12 2008.
  123. 1 2 (September 2003) «Nonlatex vs Latex Condoms: An Update». The Contraception Report (Contraception Online) 14 (2). 2006-08-14.
  124. Are polyurethane condoms as effective as latex ones?. Go Ask Alice! (February 22, 2005). 23 2011. 25 2007.
  125. Prefers polyurethane protection. Go Ask Alice! (March 4, 2005). 23 2011. 25 2007.
  126. 1 2 Polyisoprene Surgical Gloves. SurgicalGlove.net (2008). 23 2011. 24 2008.
  127. Boston Women's Health Book Collective Our Bodies, Ourselves: A New Edition for a New Era.  New York, NY: Touchstone, 2005.  P. 333.  ISBN 0-7432-5611-5
  128. Condoms: Extra protection. ConsumerReports.org (February 2005).( ) 6 2006.
  129. Kestelman P, Trussell J (1991). «Efficacy of the simultaneous use of condoms and spermicides». Fam Plann Perspect 23 (5): 2267, 232. DOI:10.2307/2135759. PMID 1743276.
  130. Nonoxynol-9 and the Risk of HIV Transmission. HIV/AIDS Epi Update. Health Canada, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (April 2003). 23 2011. 6 2006.
  131. Microbicides. World Health Organization (2006). 23 2011. 6 2006.
  132. Boonstra, Heather (May 2005). «Condoms, Contraceptives and Nonoxynol-9: Complex Issues Obscured by Ideology». The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy 8 (2). 2007-04-08.
  133. U.S. Food And Drug Administration (2003-01-16). FDA proposes new warning for over-the-counter contraceptive drugs containing Nonoxynol-9. -. 2007-04-08.
  134. Female Condoms. Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (12  2008). 23 2011. 12 2008.
  135. . . .   « »
  136. 1 2 Stacey, Dawn Condom Types: A look at different condom styles. 23 2011. 8 2008.
  137. Condom. Planned Parenthood. 23 2011. 26 2008.
  138. World Contraception Day 2008. 2  .
  139. Kippley John The Art of Natural Family Planning.  4th addition.  Cincinnati, OH: The Couple to Couple League, 1996.  P. 140141.  ISBN 0-926412-13-2
  140. Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Nr. 015/015. Empfängnisverhütung
  141. The Condom. Planned Parenthood (4  2004). 23 2011. 7 2007.
  142. 1 2 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (2001-07-20). "Workshop Summary: Scientific Evidence on Condom Effectiveness for Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Prevention" (PDF).: 13-15. 2007-04-07. 
  143. Winer R, Hughes J, Feng Q, O'Reilly S, Kiviat N, Holmes K, Koutsky L (2006). «Condom use and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women». N Engl J Med 354 (25): 264554. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa053284. PMID 16790697. 2007-04-07.
  144. Wald, Anna; Richard DiCarlo (2005). «The Relationship between Condom Use and Herpes Simplex Virus Acquisition». Annals of Internal Medicine 143: 707713. PMID 16287791. 2007-04-07.
  145. Villhauer, Tanya Condoms Preventing HPV?. University of Iowa Student Health Service/Health Iowa (20  2005).( ) 7 2007.
  146. Cornelis J.A. Hogewoning, Maaike C.G. Bleeker, et al. (2003). «Condom use Promotes the Regression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Clearance of HPV: Randomized Clinical Trial». International Journal of Cancer 107: 811816. DOI:10.1002/ijc.11474. PMID 14566832.
  147. Semen can worsen cervical cancer, Medical Research Council (UK). 2 2007.
  148. Sparrow M, Lavill K (1994). «Breakage and slippage of condoms in family planning clients». Contraception 50 (2): 11729. DOI:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90048-5. PMID 7956211.
  149. Walsh T, Frezieres R, Peacock K, Nelson A, Clark V, Bernstein L, Wraxall B (2004). «Effectiveness of the male latex condom: combined results for three popular condom brands used as controls in randomized clinical trials». Contraception 70 (5): 40713. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.05.008. PMID 15504381.
  150. 1 2 Walsh T, Frezieres R, Nelson A, Wraxall B, Clark V (1999). «Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen as a quantifiable indicator of condom failure in clinical trials». Contraception 60 (5): 28998. DOI:10.1016/S0010-7824(99)00098-0. PMID 10717781.
  151. Does using two condoms provide more protection than using just one condom?. Condoms and Dental Dams. New York University Student Health Center. 23 2011. 30 2008.
  152. Are two condoms better than one?. Go Ask Alice!. Columbia University (21  2005). 23 2011. 30 2008.
  153. Richters J, Donovan B, Gerofi J. «How often do condoms break or slip off in use?». Int J STD AIDS 4 (2): 904. PMID 8476971.
  154. Walsh T, Frezieres R, Peacock K, Nelson A, Clark V, Bernstein L, Wraxall B (2003). «Use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to measure semen exposure resulting from male condom failures: implications for contraceptive efficacy and the prevention of sexually transmitted disease». Contraception 67 (2): 13950. DOI:10.1016/S0010-7824(02)00478-X. PMID 12586324.
  155. "Next big thing, why condom size matters". Menstruation.com. 23 2011. 11 2008.
  156. "TheyFit: World's First Sized to Fit Condoms". 23 2011. 11 2008.
  157. Valappil T, Kelaghan J, Macaluso M, Artz L, Austin H, Fleenor M, Robey L, Hook E (2005). «Female condom and male condom failure among women at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases». Sex Transm Dis 32 (1): 3543. DOI:10.1097/01.olq.0000148295.60514.0b. PMID 15614119.
    Steiner M, Piedrahita C, Glover L, Joanis C (1993). «Can condom users likely to experience condom failure be identified?». Fam Plann Perspect 25 (5): 2203, 226. DOI:10.2307/2136075. PMID 8262171.
  158. Liskin, Laurie; Chris Wharton, Richard Blackburn (September 1991). «Condoms Now More than Ever». Population Reports H (8). 2007-02-13.
  159. Steiner M, Cates W, Warner L (1999). «The real problem with male condoms is nonuse». Sex Transm Dis 26 (8): 45962. DOI:10.1097/00007435-199909000-00007. PMID 10494937.
  160. 1 2 Kippley (1996) pp.306-307
  161. Childfree And The Media. Childfree Resource Network (2000). 23 2011. 8 2007.
  162. Susan Beckerleg and John Gerofi (October 1999). «Investigation of Condom Quality: Contraceptive Social Marketing Programme, Nigeria» (PDF) (Centre for Sexual & Reproductive Health): 6,32. 2009-02-27.
  163. (2008) «Family Planning Worldwide: 2008 Data Sheet» (PDF) (Population Reference Bureau). 2008-06-27. 19972007 .
  164. Wolitski RJ, Halkitis PN, Parsons JT, Gómez CA (August 2001). «Awareness and use of untested barrier methods by HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men». AIDS Educ Prev 13 (4): 291301. PMID 11565589.
  165. 1 2 3 4 Environmentally-friendly condom disposal. Go Ask Alice! (December 20, 2002). 23 2011. 28 2007.
  166. Condom. Planned Parenthood (April 2004). 23 2011. 19 2007.
  167. American Psychological Association (February 23, 2005). Based on the research, comprehensive sex education is more effective at stopping the spread of HIV infection, says APA committee. -. 2006-08-11.
  168. Robert E. Rector, Melissa G. Pardue, and Shannan Martin (January 28, 2004). «What Do Parents Want Taught in Sex Education Programs?» (The Heritage Foundation). 2006-08-11.
  169. Sex & Censorship Committee, National Coalition Against Censorship; Reviewed by Deborah Golub Abstinence-only programs. Planned Parenthood. Katharine Dexter McCormick Library (14  2007). 23 2011. 5 2007.
  170. Dr. Joanna Ellington (January 2005). «Use of a Specialized Condom to Collect Sperm Samples for Fertility Procedures» (INGfertility). 2006-09-13.
  171. Franken D, Slabber C (1979). «Experimental findings with spermantibodies: condom therapy (a case report)». Andrologia 11 (6): 4136. PMID 532982.
    Greentree L (1982). «Antisperm antibodies in infertility: the role of condom therapy». Fertil Steril 37 (3): 4512. PMID 7060795.
    Kremer J, Jager S, Kuiken J (1978). «Treatment of infertility caused by antisperm antibodies». Int J Fertil 23 (4): 2706. PMID 33920.
  172. Ambrose, Stephen. D-Day
  173. OSS Product Catalog, 1944
  174. Couch, D (2001). The Warrior Elite: The forging of SEAL Class 228. ISBN 0-609-60710-3
  175. http://altnet.ru/~military/?vijivan/naz.htm
  176. Waterproof Microphone Waterproof microphone
  177. Dual Waterproof Consumer Electronics  the condom housing
  178. The Condoms
  179. «A 41-year-old man has been remanded in custody after being stopped on Saturday by customs officials at the Norwegian border at Svinesund. He had a kilo of cocaine in his stomach.» Smuggler hospitalised as cocaine condom bursts
  180. Applebaum, Anne Gulag : A History.  Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 2004.  P. 482.  ISBN 1-4000-3409-4
  181. Kestenbaum, David. A Failed Levee in New Orleans: Part Two, National Public Radio (May 19, 2006). 9 2006.
  182. , skeptik.net  -,
  183. Decompression of a Tension Pneumothorax (PDF). Academy of medicine. 23 2011. 27 2006.
  184. Hightower, Eve; Phoebe Hall (March-April 2003). «Clean sex, wasteful computers and dangerous mascara - Ask E». E - the environmental magazine. 2007-10-28.
  185. Power, Robert The black plastic bag of qualitative research. 23 2011. 2 2007.
  186. 1 2 Gilmore, Caroline E. (1998). «Chapter 4: Recent Advances in the Research, Development and Manufacture of Latex Rubber Condoms». The Latex Condom: Recent Advances, Future Directions (Family Health International). 2007-04-08.
  187. Wright H, Wheeler J, Woods J, Hesford J, Taylor P, Edlich R (1996). «Potential toxicity of retrograde uterine passage of particulate matter». J Long Term Eff Med Implants 6 (3-4): 199-206. PMID 10167361.
  188. Jakszyn P, Gonzalez C (2006). «Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence». World J Gastroenterol 12 (27): 4296-303. PMID 16865769. 2007-04-08.
  189. DW staff. German Study Says Condoms Contain Cancer-causing Chemical, Deutsche Welle (29  2004). 8 2007.
  190. Proksch E (2001). «Toxicological evaluation of nitrosamines in condoms». Int J Hyg Environ Health 204 (2-3): 103-10. DOI:10.1078/1438-4639-00087. PMID 11759152.
  191. Altkofer W, Braune S, Ellendt K, Kettl-Grömminger M, Steiner G (2005). «Migration of nitrosamines from rubber productsare balloons and condoms harmful to the human health?». Mol Nutr Food Res 49 (3): 235-8. DOI:10.1002/mnfr.200400050. PMID 15672455.
  192. Alsan, Marcella (April 2006). «The Church & AIDS in Africa: Condoms & the Culture of Life». Commonweal: a Review of Religion, Politics, and Culture 133 (8). 2006-11-28.
  193.  (.). Lenta.ru (20  2010). 23 2011. 3 2011.
  194. Major Branches of Religions. adherents.com. 23 2011. 14 2006.
  195. Karanja, David (March 2005). «Catholics fighting AIDS». Catholic Insight. 2007-12-23.
  196. Barillari, Joseph. Condoms and the church: a well-intentioned but deadly myth, Daily Princetonian (October 21, 2003). 23 2007.
  197. Collier, . 322, 328
  198. Collier, . 199, 201, 218
  199. 1 2 Collier, . 327
  200. Collier, . 323-4
  201. Collier, . 309, 311. , Virgin Group, 2004.
  202. Collier, . 333
  203. Collier, . 257
  204. <ref>; http:.2F.2Fwww.condomdepot.com.2Freviews.2Fbest-condoms.cfm
  205. 1 2 Collier, . 286-7, 337-9
  206. Collier, . 267
  207. Government of India procured almost 2 billion condoms in 2004 (p.9, pdf)
  208. Safety, Tolerance and Acceptability Trial of the Invisible Condom in Healthy Women. ClinicalTrials.gov. U.S. National Institutes of Health (August 2005). 23 2011. 14 2006.
  209. Collier, . 345
  210. Spray-On-Condom (streaming video [Real format]). Schweizer Fernsehen News (November 29, 2006). 23 2011. 3 2006.
  211. Spray-On-Condom. Institut für Kondom-Beratung (2006). 23 2011. 3 2006.

[]

  • Collier Aine The Humble Little Condom: A History.  Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007.  ISBN 978-1-59102-556-6
  • Kippley John The Art of Natural Family Planning.  4th addition.  Cincinnati, OH: The Couple to Couple League, 1996.  ISBN 0-926412-13-2

[] .

[]