UNIX-
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[]
[]
- dd (Disk Dump).
- dirname ( basename)
- echo .
- env (environment);
- file
- stat ( , .)
- nohup hang up
- Bourne shell UNIX
- uptime
- history
[]
[]
[]
- anacron , cron.
- at .
- chroot (root) .
- cron .
- crontab crontab cron.
- daemonic init-.
- kill ( PID).
- killall ( ).
- nice .
- pgrep , .
- pidof GNU/Linux pgrep , PID .
- pkill , .
- ps .
- renice .
- sleep .
- shutdown .
- reboot .
- time .
- top .
- start-stop-daemon (daemon programs).
[]
- finger
- id / / (real/effective UIDs/GIDs)
- last
- lastlog
- locale .
- localedef
- logname login
- man ( )
- mesg , write
- passwd
- su ( shell) ( root)
- sudo (root)
- users ( )
- w
- whatis
- whereis -
- which
- who (logged in)
- whoami
- write
[]
[]
- df
- dump
- fdisk
- fsck
- dvd+rw-tools ISO- DVD
- mke2fs ext2/3/4
- mkisofs ISO-
- mkswap
- mount
- umount
- mount msdosfs DOS
- file , , -s , .
[]
[]
[]
- chgrp ,
- chmod
- chown
- cp
- dircmp
- du ,
- fdupes
- find
- ln
- locate
- ls
- lsof
- md5sum MD5- ( )
- mkdir
- mkfifo
- mktemp ,
- mv
- pwd
- rm
- rmdir
- touch , ,
- tree ,
- unlink
- uucp Unix- (Unix to Unix CoPy)
[]
- afio cpio
- ar , . , tar.
- bzip2
- compress , LZW
- cpio cpio tar-.
- gzip gzip
- p7zip 7-zip
- pax POSIX , .
- rzip gzip bzip2, .
- tar (Tape ARchiver), , , , . - (gzip, bzip2 .)
- uncompress , compress
- zcat STDOUT (GZip)
- bzcat STDOUT (BZip2)
[]
[]
- awk
- banner ASCII art
- cat STDOUT
- cksum CRC (. MD5)
- cmp
- column ( : ip r | column -t)
- colrm , ( : find | colrm 1 12)
- comm ,
- csplit
- cut
- diff3
- diff
- egrep ( «grep -E»)
- expand
- fc
- fgrep ( «grep -F»)
- fold
- grep ( egrep)
- head ()
- join
- less more.
- merge (. paste)
- more
- most less. .
- nkf
- nl
- nroff ( ) Unix
- od : , , , ascii
- paste
- patch (« »)
- rev
- sed (Stream EDitor)
- sort
- split
- tac cat ,
- tail
- tee ,
- tr
- tsort
- unexpand
- uniq .
- uudecode ,
- uuencode
- wc , .
- wdiff , .
- zless , (GZip)
- zmore , (GZip)
- zgrep, zegrep , (GZip)
- bzless , (BZip2)
- bzmore , (BZip2)
- bzgrep , (BZip2)
[]
- acme , Plan 9 - , . sam
- ed Unix,
- ex BSD Unix, Unix ed, «visual» mode vi; vi ( vim)
- Emacs ( elisp, Lisp)
- joe Wordstar
- jove Emacs
- MicroEMACS Emacs
- nano pico
- NEdit Motif X Window System, Mac Microsoft Windows
- nvi «» (New) vi, Unix ex/vi 4.4BSD
- pico pine
- sam Plan 9
- vi «»
- VILE vi- , , , ex/vi («Vi like Emacs»)
- vim Vi IMproved, vi, ;
- XEmacs emacs, GNU emacs
[] ,
- Apache -.
- HylaFAX Fax-
- netcat Unix, TCP UDP, .
- NFS (Network File System)
- OpenVPN VPN-.
- rsh, SSH, telnet
- Samba SMB CIFS Unix
- Sendmail
- talk (loggedin)
- uustat
- uux UUCP
[]
[]
- fingerd , RFC 1196, «finger».
- inetd , Internet- (Internet services daemon).
- xinetd inetd (extended Internet services).
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- arp ARP.
- dig DNS.
- dhclient DHCP-. ( , , ).
- host DNS.
- ifconfig . , , , .
- ip Unix- iproute2. , ifconfig, route, arp.
- iwconfig wi-fi. (ad-hoc, master, managed), (ESSID), (chanel 1..11). iwconfig .
- mii-tool , .
- nslookup DNS.
- ping .
- pppd PPP . , .
- route .
- traceroute TCP/IP.
- tc iproute2, .
[]
- ettercap
- John the Ripper
- Nessus
- Nmap
- SATAN (the Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks)
- Snoop Solaris
- Snort
- tcpdump , TCP/IP
- Wireshark « », tcpdump, Front-end
- vce Linux
[]
[]
[] (shell)
- sh Bourne shell, Unix- , Stephen Bourne (.) Version 7 Unix
- bash Bourne Again SHell, linux
- csh C shell. BSD-
- tcsh TENEX C shell, BSD-
- ksh Korn shell, Unix-, David Korn (.)
- psh Perl shell, Perl
- rc Plan 9
- zsh Z shell
- ash . linux CD- .
[] (non shell)
[]
UNIX- , XXI , UNIX- . - , , . UNIX-:
- admin SCCS
- c99 -, IEEE 1003.1-2001 («POSIX.1»)
- cc
- cfront C++
- ctags ()
- dbx (System V BSD)
- distcc ,
- gfortran 77 95, 2003 2008
- gcc GNU (GNU Compliler Collection)
- gdb GNU
- ktrace (BSD)
- ld
- lex
- ltrace (Linux)
- m4
- make
- nm
- rmdel SCCS
- strace (Linux) truss (Solaris) ktrace
- strip
- yacc LALR
[]
- basename ( )
- batch
- break
- continue .
- exit
- expr
- false
- hash
- return
- strings
- shift , .
- test
- times
- true
- unset
- wait
- xargs
[]
- X11 -
[]
- Aqua Apple Mac OS X, Darwin
- Blackbox ( Fluxbox Waimea)
- CDE Common Desktop Environment, UNIX
- Enlightenment X Window System.
- FVWM Fvwm95, , Windows 95
- GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) X11.
- IceWM ICE Window Manager.
- dwm dynamic window manager for X.
- KDE (K Desktop Environment) X11
- Openbox X Window System.
- Quartz Compositor , Mac OS X.
- Window Maker X Window System.
- WMI Window Manager (Window Manager Improved)
- Xfce UNIX- .
- Sawfish , LISP.
- Awesome .
- LXDE .
[] Shells
.: UNIX- # .
[]
[]
- ClamAV ,
[]
- Enigmail (.) GnuPG SeaMonkey Mozilla Thunderbird
- GnuPG GNU Privacy Guard, PGP ( , ), GNU GPL
- cryptlib
- mcrypt
- openssl SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
- pinepgp pine /
[]
- apt Front-end dpkg rpm
- aptitude Debian
- debconf Debian
- dpkg Debian GNU/Linux
- drakconf frontend Mandriva Linux
- emerge Frontend portage
- pacman Arch Linux
- portage Gentoo Linux
- rpm Red Hat Linux, Mandriva Linux
- urpmi Front-end rpm, Mandriva Linux
- YaST SuSE
- yum Front-end rpm Fedora
[] Mac OS X/Darwin
- fink (The Fink)
[]
[]
[]
[]
- OmegaT (Java)
- gettext ( )
[]
[]
[]
[]
- Amarok jukebox
- Ardour -
- Audacity
- Baudline ,
- blender 3D
- Clementine Amarok( KDE)
- cmus
- Exaile GTK+ GStreamer
- GIMP
- GStreamer
- ImageMagick
- Inkscape
- mpg123 MP3-
- mpg321 mpg123
- MPlayer
- Rhythmbox jukebox Apple iTunes
- Rosegarden
- SoX
- Synfig 2D
- Totem
- transcode
- VLC media player
- xine
- Miro
- xmms Winamp-
- Krita
[] -
- Dillo -.
- ELinks (Enhanced links) links.
- Epiphany - GNOME.
- Galeon - GNOME.
- Konqueror (-, FTP-, ) KDE.
- links - .
- lynx - . SSL.
- Mozilla Suite -. , IRC- Web-.
- Mozilla Firefox -, «» Mozilla.
- Mozilla Thunderbird .
- Opera -, IRC- ( )
- Seamonkey -. Firefox. , IRC- Web-.
- w3m -. .
- Google Chrome -
[]
- axel + FTP-.
- cURL URL.
- prozilla , axel.
- vtun TCP/IP.
- wget , - , HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, HTTP-proxy.
- yafc FTP- SSH2 (sftp).
- zssh SSH.
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[]
[]
- dx OpenDX ( , IBMs Open Visualization Data Explorer)
- gerris ,
- Maxima , Lisp.
- Octave ( Matlab)
- R
- scilab MATLAB
- units
- xaos
[]
[] .
[]
- freshmeat Unix
- Windows Linux
