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| Orville Wright | |
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́ ́ ́ (. Wilbur Wright (18671912) . Orville Wright (18711948)) , [1][2][3] ( -), , 17 1903 . . , , , , , .
, .[4] , .[5][6] , , , . , , .[7][8] 821393 , .[9]
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, (18281917) (18311889). , 1867; , 1871. . (18611920), (18621939), (18741929), (1870, ). , .[11] 1878 , (en:Church of the United Brethren in Christ) , -«» . , . , , , (30 ) . , , . , .[12][13]
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1885-86 , [14]. , , , , , . , , , , , . , , [15]. [16][17], .[16] [18]
1889, , . , , , , , « », « ». , 1892 ( Wright Cycle Exchange, Wright Cycle Company), 1896. , . 1890- , , , . 1896 . . , . .[19] . 1899 , .[20][21] , , , .
, . , , 18991900 , «» «» , ; «» «». , « , , , , . . , .»[22]
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, : , , . 1899 , . « ». , .[23] , , , , , , . , , .[24] .
, , , .[25][26] , «» «» , , : . , , , , ( ). , .[27]
, , , . , , , , . .[28] , , « », , , . , .[29] ( ). 1903, , , .
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1899 , , . , . , . , , , , , .
1900 -, , . ( ), , . , [30]. , , , , . , 1896 . ; , ( -); ; , ; , .
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: - -, 1896 ; , . « » , , 1896 . , , , , , .[31] (, - 14- 1906, «» - .) , , , 1902, , .[32][33]
| 1900 | 17 6 (5,25 ) | 165 ² (15 ²) | 5 (1,5 ) | 1/20 | 3.5 | 11 6 (3,45 ) | 52 (23,6 ) |
| 1901 | 22 (6,6 ) | 290 ² (27 ²) | 7 (2,1 ) | 1/12,*1/19 | 3 | 14 (4,2 ) | 98 (44,4 ) |
| 1902 | 32 1 (9,6 ) | 305 ² (28 ²) | 5 (1,5 ) | 1/20-1/24 | 6.5 | 17 (5,1 ) | 112 (50,7 ) |
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[] 1900
1900 . , 3 , , , .[35] , , . . ( ) , . 6 , 30 ( ). , ( , ), , , . , - .
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1903 , 66 %. 1903 , 75 % , 82 %. , , 85 %.[45]
, , .[46] «-1» , , 50 000 , . «-1» 12 , 283 , 9 kW 77 .
, , 14 1903 , , «-1» . , « », , « , , ».[47] 17 1903, , 43 /. , 36.5 12 , . 52 60 , . 3 .[48] :
, , . , , , 300 400 , , . , , 800 . , . 852 59 . , . , .
(.)Wilbur started the fourth and last flight at just about 12 o'clock. The first few hundred feet were up and down, as before, but by the time three hundred feet had been covered, the machine was under much better control. The course for the next four or five hundred feet had but little undulation. However, when out about eight hundred feet the machine began pitching again, and, in one of its darts downward, struck the ground. The distance over the ground was measured to be 852 ft; the time of the flight was 59 seconds. The frame supporting the front rudder was badly broken, but the main part of the machine was not injured at all. We estimated that the machine could be put in condition for flight again in about a day or two.[49]
: , ; . . ; , , . , , , .[50]
, , , . , . , , , (. ), , 1948.
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1904 -II , 13 - , [51]. 23 , . , . , , .[52] , , ,
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, (- ) , , 18- . , , , . 13 , , , 400 . , 7 . 20 1904 , 1244 . 9 ( ) 1 ( ), 5 , 4 . 50 105 85- , , -.
1904 , .[54] , , 1905 «-III», . , «» , . , . , . 23 10 .[55] , 14 , , .
, « » 17 38 20 39 1,4- 26 5 . , 39,4 38 3 , , . , , , .[56] ( ), . , , , .
19041905 . ( 1913 , .) 1904 , , . , , , , [57]. Scientific American, . , . Herald Tribune 1906 «FLYERS OR LIARS?» (« ?»; ).
, , . . , Dayton Daily News ( 1920 ), : « , .»[58] , , . , , Scientific American, « » , .[59]
, , , . , , , 5 . . [60], , , , . . , 50 000 $ , , , , .[61] , , , , , - ʸ .
1906 1907, . , 1908 1905 , , . . , , Ը, , , 14 . , , . , , , , , 75 90 . , .
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1903 , , . 1904 , , , 22 1906 № 821393[62] « ».
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, . , . . ʸ , , 1908 . , , (. ). , , , , 1901 . , , .
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, «bluffeur» (. , ), 8 1908 -, . 45 , , , . , , , .
, . . . «LAérophile» , «.. . , »[63] : « , .» [64]
17 , . 30 , , . , , . , . , , , .[66] , , , , . . , ; . 1909 , - , , . , .
, , , , 15 [67]. , . , , . , .
, . . 1909 , , 40 (64 /) . 30 000 . ( 5 000 . ). , - 33- -. .
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25 1910 , , . ; , . , , . 82- , .[68][69]
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1908 ʸ , , . ʸ - 1909 . , . , , . , , . . , , 1917 . , 1901 1903. , , . .[70] ʸ 1913 , .
1910 1912 , , . , ʸ, . , 1911 , . , - . , ʸ , .
1914 ʸ, . Wright company. 1917 , , - , - , . Wright-Martin company ( Wright company), ʸ, , 2 . . « » , 1920- . Wright Aeronautical Corporation ( ) Curtiss Aeroplane company 1929 , Curtiss-Wright, , .
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Wright Company 22 1909 . 100 000 ., 10- .[71] -, ; - -.
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Wright Company 7 1910 , , (105 ), -, 5 000 . , , . . ظ .
1910 1916 Wright Company 115 , . , «» , , , ; , 1911 ( ) , «Vin Fiz» ; , Stinson Aircraft Company.
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, 1887 1906, 1896 1903 . «» 1903, , . , «» , «» . , , .
ʸ, 1914 . ʸ, .[73] , , ; ʸ , . , , . , ʸ, , .[74]
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Wright company . , , 1915. , , , , . 1917. 1918 . , , , . 1926, . . , , , 1929 .
19 1944 Lockheed Constellation, TWA , 6 57 . , , 40 . , . , Constellation , .[81]
1948 , . , .[82]
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-1 , .
-III, , , 1905 . , , 1908. 1905 1940- . , , . .
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( ) . «» , : , , , , , 1904 , . , , , , .
, , , , . , , , , , : , 1905, , , , , , , . .
[]
. , , , , , .
. , Wilbur and Orville: The First to Fly (1973) , 80 (2004) .
1976 The Winds of Kitty Hawk .
Conquest of the Air (1936), Young Einstein (1988) .
[]
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- (.)
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- Western Society of Engineers 18 1901
- Wright Aeronautical Engineering (.)
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- (.)
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[] IMDB
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- , « » (.)
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- . . , 1933 ., .5
- . . , 1933 ., .23
- . . , 1933 ., .27
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- . . , 1933 ., .77
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- . . , 1933 ., .61
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- . . , 1933 ., .112
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- . . , 1933 ., .119
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- - : 8 1908 20 , . (.).
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