Ðèä, Òîìàñ Ìàéí
| Òîìàñ Ìàéí Ðèä | |
| Thomas Mayne Reid | |
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| Äàòà ðîæäåíèÿ: | |
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| Ìåñòî ðîæäåíèÿ: | |
| Äàòà ñìåðòè: |
22 îêòÿáðÿ 1883 (65 ëåò) |
| Ìåñòî ñìåðòè: | |
| Ðîä äåÿòåëüíîñòè: | |
| Ïîäïèñü: |
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| Ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ íà ñàéòå Lib.ru | |
Òî́ìàñ Ìàéí Ðèä (àíãë. Thomas Mayne Reid; 4 àïðåëÿ 1818 â 22 îêòÿáðÿ 1883) â àíãëèéñêèé ïèñàòåëü, àâòîð ïðèêëþ÷åí÷åñêèõ ðîìàíîâ è ïðîèçâåäåíèé äëÿ äåòåé è þíîøåñòâà, ÷àñòü èç êîòîðûõ áûëà îïóáëèêîâàíà ïîä ïñåâäîíèìîì «Êàïèòàí Ìàéí Ðèä»[1].
Ñîäåðæàíèå |
[ïðàâèòü] Áèîãðàôèÿ
Ðîäèëñÿ â Èðëàíäèè â ñåìüå ïàñòîðà, ïðåïîäîáíîãî Òîìàñà Ìàéíà Ðèäà Ñò. (àíãë. Rev. Thomas Mayne Reid Sr). È îòåö è ìàòü ïèñàòåëÿ ïî ïðîèñõîæäåíèþ áûëè øîòëàíäöàìè[2].
Ðèä ïîëó÷èë îáðàçîâàíèå â Áåëôàñòå è â 1840 óåõàë â ÑØÀ â ïîèñêàõ ïðèêëþ÷åíèé.  êà÷åñòâå æóðíàëèñòà ó÷àñòâîâàë â Ìåêñèêàíñêîé âîéíå 1846â1848 ãã.
 1849 ãîäó Ðèä ñîáèðàëñÿ ïðèñîåäèíèòüñÿ ê äîáðîâîëüöàì è ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèå â Áàâàðñêîé ðåâîëþöèè, îäíàêî ïåðåäóìàë è îòïðàâèëñÿ â Ñåâåðíóþ Èðëàíäèþ. Áóäó÷è ðàíåíûì, âåðíóëñÿ â Ëîíäîí, ãäå îïóáëèêîâàë â 1850 ãîäó ñâîé ïåðâûé ðîìàí «Âîëüíûå ñòðåëêè» (àíãë. The Rifle Rangers), ïîñâÿù¸ííûé ñîáûòèÿì Ìåêñèêàíñêîé âîéíû.  1854 ãîäó[3] Ðèä æåíèëñÿ íà þíîé àðèñòîêðàòêå, äî÷åðè ñâîåãî èçäàòåëÿ Äæ. Õàéäà (àíãë. G. W. Hyde), ïÿòíàäöàòèëåòíåé Ýëèçàáåò Õàéä (àíãë. Elizabeth Hyde). Ïîñëå íåáîëüøîãî ïåðåðûâà íà ìåäîâûé ìåñÿö, Ðèä âåðíóëñÿ ê ëèòåðàòóðíîìó òâîð÷åñòâó. Åãî ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ ýòîãî ïåðèîäà ïî ïðåæíåìó îñíîâàíû íà ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿõ Ðèäà â ÑØÀ.  1865 ãîäó âûõîäèò ïðîñëàâèâøèé Ðèäà ðîìàí «Âñàäíèê áåç ãîëîâû» (àíãë. The Headless Horseman).  1867 ãîäó Ðèä âîçâðàùàåòñÿ â Íüþ-Éîðê, ãäå îñíîâûâàåò æóðíàë Onward Magazine. Ðèä ðàññ÷èòûâàë íà áûëîé óñïåõ, íî â ýòîò ðàç àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ïóáëèêà ïðèíèìàåò Ðèäà è åãî íîâûå ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ ïðîõëàäíî. Ê 1870 ãîäó íà÷èíàåò ñêàçûâàòüñÿ ðàíåíèå, ïîëó÷åííîå Ðèäîì ïðè ×àïóëüòåïåêå âî âðåìÿ Ìåêñèêàíñêîé âîéíû. Ðèäà ãîñïèòàëèçèðóþò, è îí ïðîâîäèò â áîëüíèöå Ñâ. Ëóêè (àíãë. St. Luke) íåñêîëüêî ìåñÿöåâ. Åãî æåíà áûëà íå â âîñòîðãå îò ÑØÀ, è êàê òîëüêî Ðèäà âûïèñàëè èç áîëüíèöû 22 îêòÿáðÿ 1870 ãîäà, îí è åãî æåíà ïåðåáèðàþòñÿ â Àíãëèþ è ïîñåëÿþòñÿ â Õåðåôîðäøèðå.
Ìàéí Ðèä ñòðàäàë îò äåïðåññèè, áûë îòïðàâëåí â áîëüíèöó åù¸ ðàç. Îí ïûòàëñÿ âåðíóòüñÿ ê ïèñàòåëüñêîìó ðåìåñëó, íî íå ñìîã âîïëîòèòü âñ¸ çàäóìàííîå. Îñíîâîé åãî áþäæåòà áûëà ïåíñèÿ, íàçíà÷åííàÿ àìåðèêàíñêèì ïðàâèòåëüñòâîì çà åãî âîåííûå çàñëóãè.
 ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû æèçíè Ìàéí Ðèä ïðåâðàòèëñÿ â èíâàëèäà: îí íå ìîã ïåðåäâèãàòüñÿ áåç êîñòûëåé. Ðèä óìåð â Ëîíäîíå â 1883 ãîäó â âîçðàñòå 65 ëåò è áûë ïîõîðîíåí íà êëàäáèùå Êåíñàë Ãðèí (àíãë. Kensal Green Cemetery).
 äîðåâîëþöèîííîé Ðîññèè, à çàòåì â Ñîâåòñêîì Ñîþçå êíèãè Ìàéí Ðèäà ïîëüçîâàëèñü áîëüøîé ïàëëåòíûé ïîïóëÿðíîñòüþ, òîãäà êàê íà ðîäèíå è â ÑØÀ â XX â. ïèñàòåëü áûë óæå ïî÷òè íå èçâåñòåí øèðîêîé ïóáëèêå.
×òî Ìèøà ÷èòàåò? Ñîâåðøåííî íå ìîãó ñåáå ýòîãî ïðåäñòàâèòü. Ìàëü÷èê áåç Ìàéí Ðèäà â ýòî öâåòîê áåç çàïàõà, à Ìèøà Ìàéí Ðèäà íå ÷èòàåò.â Àðêàäèé Àâåð÷åíêî, «Ìèøà Òðîöêèé»
(Ñáîðíèê «Íå÷èñòàÿ ñèëà»)
 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èíòåðåñ ê ïèñàòåëþ íà Çàïàäå âîçðîæäàåòñÿ, è óæå åñòü ïåðåèçäàíèÿ åãî êíèã â íàøå âðåìÿ.  ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ òàêæå áûëè ïåðåâåäåíû íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê íåêîòîðûå ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ ïèñàòåëÿ, äî ñèõ ïîð íå ïåðåâîäèâøèåñÿ («Æåíà-äåâî÷êà», «Ãâåí Óèíí: Ðîìàí äîëèíû ðåêè Óàé» è äðóãèå).
[ïðàâèòü] Èìÿ ïèñàòåëÿ
Ïðè êðåùåíèè áóäóùåìó ïèñàòåëþ áûëî äàíî èìÿ Òîìàñ Ìàéí, â ÷åñòü ïðàäåäà. Âïîñëåäñòâèè, ÷òîáû íå ïóòàòü åãî ñ îòöîì, òàêæå íîñèâøèì èìÿ «Òîìàñ Ìàéí», ïåðâîå èìÿ óïîòðåáëÿòü ïåðåñòàëè. Ïî-àíãëèéñêè ïîëíîå èìÿ ïèñàòåëÿ ïèøåòñÿ «Thomas Mayne Reid» è ïî ïðàâèëàì òðàíñêðèïöèè äîëæíî ïåðåäàâàòüñÿ â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå êàê «Òîìàñ Ìåéí Ðèä». Îäíàêî â èçäàíèè Ì. Âîëüôà ïèñàëè «Ìàéí Ðèä», ÷òî è ñòàëî òðàäèöèîííûì â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå. Åñëè óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñîêðàù¸ííîå èìÿ, òî ñëîâî «Ìàéí» ïðè ñêëîíåíèè íå èçìåíÿåòñÿ[4].
[ïðàâèòü] Áèáëèîãðàôèÿ
[ïðàâèòü] 1840-å
- Âîåííàÿ æèçíü, èëè Ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ îôèöåðà ë¸ãêîé ïåõîòû / War Life; or, The Adventures of a Light Infantry Officers (1849)
[ïðàâèòü] 1850-å
- Âîëüíûå ñòðåëêè / The Rifle Rangers (1850)
- Îõîòíèêè çà ñêàëüïàìè / The Scalp Hunters (1851)
- Æèëèùå â ïóñòûíå / The Desert Home (1852)
- Â ïîèñêàõ áåëîãî áèçîíà / The Boy Hunters (1853)
- Ãóäçîíîâ çàëèâ / The Young Voyageurs (1854)
- Èçãíàííèêè â ëåñó / The Forest Exiles (1854)
- Îõîòíè÷èé ïðàçäíèê / The Hunterâ™s Feast (1855)
- Áåëûé âîæäü / The White Chief (1855)
-  äåáðÿõ Þæíîé Àôðèêè, èëè Ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ áóðà è åãî ñåìüè / The Bush Boys; or, The History and Adventures of a Cape Farmer and His Family in the Wild Karoos of Southern Africa (1855)
- Äèêàÿ æèçíü, èëè ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ íà ãðàíèöå: ðàññêàç î ïåðâûõ äíÿõ â Òåõàñå / Wild life : or, Adventures on the frontier : a tale of the early days of the Texas republic (1856)
- Þíûå îõîòíèêè, èëè Ïîâåñòü î ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿõ â Þæíîé Àôðèêå / The Young Yagers; or, A Narrative of Hunting Adventures in Southern Africa (1856)
- Êâàðòåðîíêà / The Quadroon (1856)
- Òðîïà âîéíû / The War Trail; or, The Hunt of the Wild Horse (1857)
- Îõîòíèêè çà ðàñòåíèÿìè / The Plant Hunters (1858)
- Íà ìîðå / Ran Away to Sea: An Autobiography for Boys (1858)
- Îöåîëà, âîæäü Ñåìèíîëîâ / Osceola (1859)
- Ìîðñêîé âîë÷îíîê / The Boy Tar (1859)
[ïðàâèòü] 1860-å
- Íåîáû÷íûå ëþäè: Ïîïóëÿðíîå îïèñàíèå ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ ÷åëîâå÷åñêèõ ðàñ / Odd People: Being a Popular Description of Singular Races of Men (1860)
- Äðåâåñèíà Ðåéíæåðîâ / The Wood Rangers (1860)
- Îòâàæíàÿ îõîòíèöà / The Wild Huntress (1861)
- Æàê Äåïàð / Despard the Sportsman (1861)
- Îõîòíèêè íà ìåäâåäåé / Bruin (1861)
- Îõîòíèê íà òèãðîâ[5] / À Íåãî in Spite of Himself (1861)
- Ìàðîíû / The Maroon (1862)
- Êðîêåò / Croquet (1863)
- Ïîëçóíû ïî ñêàëàì / The Cliff Climbers (1864)
- Çàòåðÿííûå â îêåàíå / The Ocean Waifs (1864)
- Áåëàÿ ïåð÷àòêà / The White Gauntlet (1864)
- Ìîëîäûå íåâîëüíèêè / The Boy Slaves (1865)
- Âñàäíèê áåç ãîëîâû / The Headless Horseman; A Strange Tale of Texas (1865)
- Áàíäîëåðî, èëè Ñâàäüáà â ãîðàõ / The Bandolero: or, A Marriage Among ihe Mountains (1866)
- Âîäÿíàÿ ïóñòûíÿ / Afloat in the Forest (1866)
- ×åòâåðîíîãèå, êòî îíè òàêèå è ãäå âîäÿòñÿ: Êíèãà ïî çîîëîãèè äëÿ ðåáÿò / Quadrupeds, What They Are, and Where Found: A Book of Zoology for Boys (1867)
- Îõîòíèêè çà æèðàôàìè / The Giraffe Hunters (1867)
- Âîæäü ãâåðèëüÿñîâ / The Guerilla Chief and Other Tales (1867)
- Æåíà-äåâî÷êà / The Child Wife (1868)
- Îñòðîâ äüÿâîëà / The Planter Pirate: A Souvenir of the Mississippi (1868)
- Áåñïîìîùíàÿ ðóêà, èëè Âîçìåçäèå äèêîãî ëåñà / The Helpless Hand; or, Backwoods Retribution (1868)
- Ãîëóáîé Äèê / The Yellow Chief: A Romance of the Rocky Mountains (1868)
- Áåëàÿ ñêâî / The White Squaw (1869)
[ïðàâèòü] 1870-å
-  äåáðÿõ Áîðíåî, èëè Ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ ïîòåðïåâøèõ êîðàáëåêðóøåíèå / The Castaways: A Story of Adventure in the Wilds of Borneo (1870)
- Óåäèí¸ííîå æèëèùå / The Lone Ranche; A Tale of the Staked Plain (1871)
- Ïåðñò ñóäüáû / The Finger of Fate (1872)
- Êóáèíñêèé ïàòðèîò, èëè Ïðåêðàñíàÿ êðåîëêà. Ýïèçîä èç êóáèíñêîé ðåâîëþöèè / The Cuban Patriot; or, The Beautiful Creole. An Episode of the Cuban Revolution (1873)
- Ñìåðòåëüíûé âûñòðåë / The Death Shot; A Romance of Forest and Prairie (1873)
- Ñèãíàë áåäñòâèÿ / The Flag of Distress: A Story of the South Seas (1876)
- Ãâåí Óèíí: Ðîìàí äîëèíû ðåêè Óàé / Gwen Wynn: A Romance of the Wye (1877)
- ׸ðíûé ìóñòàíãåð / The Wild-Horse Hunters (1877)
- Ãàñïàð ãàó÷î / Gaspar the Gaucho: A Tale of the Gran Chaco (1879)
- Êîðîëåâà îç¸ð / The Captain of the Rifles; or, The Queen of the Lakes (1879)
[ïðàâèòü] 1880-å
- Àìåðèêàíñêèå ïàðòèçàíû / The Free Lances (1881)
- Îõîòà íà Ëåâèàôàíà / The Chase of Leviathan (1881)
- Çàòåðÿâøàÿñÿ ãîðà / The Lost Mountain (1882)
[ïðàâèòü] Èçäàííûå ïîñìåðòíî
- Ïåðåñåëåíöû Òðàíñâààëÿ / The Vee-Boers: A Tale of Adventure in Southern Africa (1883)
- Îãíåííàÿ çåìëÿ / The Land of Fire (1884)
- Ïðîíç¸ííîå ñåðäöå è äðóãèå ðàññêàçû / The Pierced Heart and Other Stories (1885)
- Äåðåâî-ëîâóøêà è äðóãèå ðàññêàçû / Trapped in a Tree and Other Stories (?)
- Ïðèçðàê ó âîðîò / ??? (?)
- Áåç ïîùàäû! / No Quarter! (1888)
- Íàòóðàëèñò â Ñèëóðèè / The Naturalist in Siluria (1889)
- Ïîïóëÿðíûå ïðèêëþ÷åí÷åñêèå ïîâåñòè / Popular Adventure Tales (1890)
[ïðàâèòü] Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ
- â‘ Ñîãëàñíî âîåííîìó ðååñòðó Òîìàñ Ìàéí Ðèä íå ïîäíÿëñÿ âûøå ðàíãà ïåðâîãî ëåéòåíàíòà. Îäíàêî, ñîãëàñíî èññëåäîâàíèþ À. Òàíàñåé÷óêà, ýòî çâàíèå áûëî àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ïðèñâîåíî ïèñàòåëþ ïðè óâîëüíåíèè èç àðìèè.
- â‘ Ñ. Ì. ×åðâîííûé. Ïî ñëåäàì êàïèòàíà Ìàéí Ðèäà
- â‘ Ñîãëàñíî êíèãå À.Òàíàñåé÷óêà. Íà ôîòîãðàôèè íàäãðîáüÿ æåíû è ñàìîãî ïèñàòåëÿ âèäíà íàäïèñü: Ýëèçàáåò Ðèä ñêîí÷àëàñü 25 äåêàáðÿ 1904 ãîäà â âîçðàñòå 65 ëåò. Ïðîñòîé ðàñ÷¸ò ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî 15 ëåò åé áûëî â 1854-ì ãîäó.
- â‘ Îòâåò íà âîïðîñ â„– 243797 íà ñàéòå Ãðàìîòà. Ðó
- â‘ Ýòî ïðîèçâåäåíèå îøèáî÷íî ïðèïèñûâàþò Ðèäó, íàñòîÿùèé àâòîð â Ëóè äå Áåëüìàð
[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè
- Ðèä, Òîìàñ Ìàéí â áèáëèîòåêå Ìàêñèìà Ìîøêîâà
- Ëèòåðàòóðíàÿ ñòðàíèöà Ìàéí Ðèäà â áèáëèîòåêå Áîðèñà Áåðäè÷åâñêîãî
- Êíèãà: Àíäðåé Òàíàñåé÷óê. Ìàéí Ðèä: æèë îòâàæíûé êàïèòàí. Ñåðèÿ ÆÇË.
