-
| . |
| : | |
|---|---|
| : |
, --, , -, |
| : | |
| : |
1960- |
| : | |
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, , -, , , -, , , , -, -, -, -, -, , -, , -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, , |
|
| : | |
| : | |
| . : | |
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-, -, -, , , -, Album-oriented rock, Arena rock, -- |
|
-́ (. Rock music) . «rock» ( «, , ») , , «roll», «twist», «swing», «shake» . . -, , ( - ) . .
- : «» , --, -, , - . , . - - . . «». , , « », , , , () ( 110 155 ), - (), 85 115 . («» , )[1][2][3][4].
- , - -- . - , , , -. - (-, 60-), (-, 60- 70-), (-, 60-), (-, 60-). 60-70- -, , , -, -, -. 70-- 80- -, -, , ( 60- ), ( -), -, -. 90- ( 80-), - ( 60-), ( 80-).
- ( ). . , , , , - . - (. . ) 19601970- . 1980- ., 1990-.
|
|
[] - -
- -, , ( , ), - , . -, - ( ) -. - .
- , -. 60- . . - . - , .
[] -
, , - , XX , .
, , , , . , -, . , «» . , , , , , - (1955, 1967, 1977, ), «», , , -.
- «-- », , . , - . - (). , .[ 149 ]
[] -
[] -
[]
-- , , . «--» - 40- , , . «Good Rockin Tonight» 1947 . 1949 «Rock And Roll» .
-- , , , . «Fat Man» , 1950- . , -- «Rocket 88», 1951 Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats.
[] -- 50-
, -- , , . 1953 , 1955 . - , , .
-- , , , .
-- , . , --. -- «Rock Around The Clock». « --» . , -- ( , , ).
-- , «Killer» . «» --, Everly Brothers.
[]
-- ( ) - . 50- , . - . («Maybellene») («That's All Right (Mama)»). 80- . - Stray Cats, The Cramps, Heavy Trash.
[] --
--, , The Shadows. -- «Move It» . - The Beatles The Quarrymen.
[] - 60-
[] :
1957- «Rumble» , (. fuzz) ; , - «» -, , - -. The Surfaris -- , , (. vibrato). - «Bulldog» The Fireballs, The Ventures, The Chantays, The Shadows.
-, Jan and Dean The Beach Boys. -, - -; - .
[] 1960-
--, -- , -. , Gerry & The Pacemakers, The Searchers, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes The Beatles. The Beatles «I Want To Hold Your Hand» , « » (. British Invasion). -.
[]
« » . The Beatles, -, «» 1964 . The Beatles , - ( - , , , ). The Beatles ( 1964 ) «». The Beatles . , , - .
[] -
« » The Beatles , , . The Searchers ( -), Herman's Hermits, Manfred Mann, The Hollies. The Zombies ( «Shes Not There»).
[] -- -
« » , , --. , -- The Yardbirds. , ; , . -, Yardbirds, « » , .
-- The Animals, . «» - «House Of The Rising Sun», -.
, -- , The Rolling Stones. , «», The Beatles -; , , .
[]
«» The Kinks «You Really Got Me» 1964 . - «» . The Kinks , -, . ( 1960-, -).
The Who. , , . The Who , . The Who -.
- The Pretty Things The Small Faces. --, .
, The Troggs .
[] -
« » -, -. - - 30-50- ( ) - 60-, . , , , .
1965 The Byrds - - . - . 1964 - , - - «Like A Rolling Stone». Buffalo Springfield -- , -. , Simon & Garfunkel, .
--, Fairport Convention, Steeleye Span, Lindisfarne, Pentangle. -; . -, , .
[] -
- 19651966 . -, The Lovin' Spoonful, The Turtles, The Grass Roots, The Mamas And The Papas ( - 60-). - -, - ( The Beach Boys).
[]
, , - : , . , --. , , , ; Nuggets, Cover.
[]
, , . «Rumble» , «Jenny Lee» Jan and Dean, «Dirty Robber» The Wailers. - , . 1962 «Louie Louie» The Kingsmen (- -- 1956 , The Wailers), - .
[]
. . The Sonics, -- , The Seeds, , The Standells, Kenny and the Kasuals, The Music Machine, The Knickerbockers. : «Psychotic Reaction» Count Five, «96 Tears» Question Mark & the Mysterians, «Dirty Water» The Standells. Monks , ( , , , ) 60-.
[]
, The Primitives, The Faires, The Misunderstood. , , -.
, «group sounds».
[] 60-: -
[]
19651966 . , , , -. Holy Modal Rounders; ( , «psychodelic» ) The 13th Floor Elevators. ( ) , , . «» , , ( ).
() . Yardbirds The Kinks. The Beatles, .
, , , - -. ( ), .
[]
, 1966 - , .
-. The Kinks, , -- - , - 1990- . The Kinks . 1965 The Beatles . 19651966- , - ; , . --.
[] 1960-.
1960- , 1966 1969 « » 60-, « » ( - - 70-). 1967 - , -, , -, .
- 19661969 -.
[]
[]
- 1960- . 1967 , ( ) - . . , . 1960- , 15 1969 « ».
[]
- ( ) ( ). -. , Love «» -, . , Jefferson Airplane.
The Grateful Dead, --, , , . «» , . The Doors , . ( ) . The Doors .
«» --, , -. , «» , ( Big Brother & the Holding Company). - , -. , , , -. , , -, -.
1960- - The Beach Boys, . 1969 , -. ( The Electric Prunes, Tomorrow, Strawberry Alarm Clock).
[]
, , , « ».
The Beatles «Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band», - . The Beatles, , , . ( ) The Who, Yardbirds, Hollies. The Rolling Stones. The Pretty Things 1968 . - «S.F. Sorrow». Donovan . 1966 Cream - , Cream, Led Zeppelin, -.
, Traffic, The Nice, Tomorrow, High Tide. Pink Floyd; , , -.
[]
60- Velvet Underground. 19661967- . , , «» , . Velvet Underground . , .
-, , , Captain Beefheart, -. The Fugs. The Shaggs, « ».
, -, 60- , -. « » MC5 The Stooges, , . The Stooges , .
Captain Beefheart, MC5, The Stooges, Velvet Underground .
[]
« » . . -- The Rolling Stones. - The Who - - «Tommy». The Kinks, The Pretty Things. The Beatles 1970 , - .
, 60-. , , : Free ( --- ), Fleetwood Mac, , «» -- . -: -- -- Creedence Clearwater Revival; - Jethro Tull , . - The Move. 1967 .
[] - 70-
[] -
, 1960- , . -, - (-) - . (, -, -, -) .
[] -
[]
, - «» , 1960- , -. , -, - 70- , «», 60- (, -- ), .
- 1960- The Kinks, The Who, Yardbirds, Cream . 60- Iron Butterfly, Blue Cheer. , «» .
, : ( «», -) , ( ), , -.
[]
- Led Zeppelin 1969 . . Led Zeppelin : , , . Led Zeppelin , , , , .
Black Sabbath. Led Zeppelin , «» , - -, - 80-, .
Deep Purple, , 1970- - , , Led Zeppelin, .
Kiss, Grand Funk Railroad, Nazareth, Scorpions, Rainbow, Black Widow. Uriah Heep - ; Montrose Mountain -. southern rock, , Lynyrd Skynyrd.
1980- - , -- ( 80- ) 1970- , Judas Priest ( ) AC/DC. Led Zeppelin, , - 80-, .
[]
[]
1960- , . , Procol Harum ( «A Whiter Shade Of Pale») Moody Blues ( The Beatles). (The Doors, Pink Floyd). 19671968 . , , -. ( -) King Crimson «In the Court of the Crimson King»; , «The Aerosol Grey Machine» Van Der Graaf Generator, «Days of Future Passed» The Moody Blues.
[]
-- King Crimson. 1970- Pink Floyd, , . Pink Floyd - «», - (Hawkwind, Be-Bop Deluxe, Gong, Eloy).
Yes, . Emerson, Lake And Palmer, , Yes - (-), , .
- -. Jethro Tull, 70- . -. -, (Amazing Blondel, Mellow Candle, Ithaca, Gryphon) , , .
-, - . Kaipa, Emerson, Lake And Palmer, Sky. Electric Light Orchestra ( , , -).
[]
, - . . ; Premiata Forneria Marconi. - (« ») - ( Soft Machine, Caravan, Gong). 1970- - «Rush». Rush , Metallica[5], Primus[6], Rage Against the Machine[6] The Smashing Pumpkins[6], -, Dream Theater[5] Symphony X[7].
[] -
--, -, - . , - , XX ( ). , - . (Can), (Popol Vuh). Amon Düül II, Neu!, Guru Guru, Faust.
70-, Kraftwerk, -, , 1974 «Autobahn». Kraftwerk - , , . - (, , Can Faust) -. -, - , .
[] -
- - (-). -, -. Mahavishnu Orchestra, Weather Report, Return To Forever, Brand X. . - - ( , ). -, 60- , - Blood, Sweat and Tears, , , Electric Flag.
[] -
- - , , . 70- -, , , , , , --, . - ( ) , , , , , , . - , : -- , .
[] --
«» T.Rex . T.Rex - --; 19701973 . T.Rex -, . T.Rex - -, - 1977 .
Mott The Hoople, Mud, Alvin Stardust.
[]
T.Rex, - . 60-, 70- « ». , 40 , .
Roxy Music, -, . - Cockney Rebel.
[] ()
--, -.
- Queen. , 70- , - ( ), , «» , -; «Bohemian Rhapsody».
, Slade Sweet. -, -- ; , - . Slade - .
, -- New York Dolls, - 1970-.
- Adam&the Ants, Kiss, «-» 1980-.
[] - -
- 60- , - (The Monkees), 1970- («») -, Bread, The Carpenters, Ҹ.
- 1970- - 1960-, , , -, «adult-oriented-rock» (AOR, « »). , , . - The Beatles , , . «-».
, 70- . --, , . , - .
[] « »
, . 1960- , . « », , , . - -. - The Pretty Things The Who. 1970 - « ».
, , « » (arena rock). , «arena rock», Journey, Boston, Styx, Foreigner.
[]
Velvet Underground 70- . , . «» , «» , , 60-, --.
[] -
, , 70- , « » . The Stooges 1973 ( 2000- ), MC5 1971 ( , 1969 ). - - New York Dolls, The Dictators, Rocket From The Tombs, Richard Hell & The Voidoids, Johnny Thunders & The Heartbreakers , 1975 -, «Horses». , .
- - , -, -- -. Eddie & The Hot Rods, Dr. Feelgood, Ace. - -.
[]
, « » (-), 1974- 1975 . -, : - , , , « » -, . - CBGB, , Television, --.
[] -
1975 CBGB Ramones. - . 70- , , . -. Ramones , 70-80- .
- , , ( ) , , ; , , .
: Damned - , Sex Pistols -. , Sex Pistols ( ) -. , -- Ramones Sex Pistols . - Ramones Sex Pistols , --.
, - (, , Ramones) BBC . 1960- 2000- - .
[] . -
[] -
70- ( ), ( ). - , , , . , -- , , .
Ramones, - Buzzcocks. Buzzcocks , -. - The Clash. , ; 1979 , .
- Damned, -, Vibrators, 1977 - - . - 70- Crass. -, - -- The Who The Kinks. The Jam.
Oi! , - «» . 19771979 Oi! Sham 69 Skrewdriver.
-. The Dead Boys . Misfits. «» - Bad Brains, . - , , The Saints.
[]
, , . , , « » , , , Blondie. Blondie The Pretenders, , The Police, . The Police -. , -, The Cars The Go-Go's. - ( 60- ) The Knack «My Sharona».
, -, - . Talking Heads, , - . Talking Heads , , Roxy Music, King Crimson. Pere Ubu, Devo.
- Suicide, - . , The Rockets, Telex, .
[] -
, -, - ( Velvet Underground), -, -. - - -, , , , .
Public Image Ltd. ( - Sex Pistols ). The Fall, , -. - - Wire, , - ( - -) , , - . Buzzcocks, Damned, Clash -; , -- Buzzcocks Magazine.
- The Stranglers - , -. Swell Maps.
- 1970- Joy Division. , . ʸ -, 80-. , , ʸ.
[]
1976 Throbbing Gristle «Industrial Records», . , (Throbbing Gristle, Skinny Puppy), ( ), (Coil). -, - - 80- . ( -) -, 80- . aggro-industrial (Nine Inch Nails, Ministry). martial industrial Laibach.
[] - 80-
[] -
- -, - -. , -, - ( , ). -- , 60-70- . 1977 -, 80- .
[] - 1980-
- , , The Kinks; 80- Travelling Willburys . , (world music) (-Genesis) (-Simon & Garfunkel). - aboriginal rock (Us Mob, No Fixed Address).
80- Dire Straits, - - -.
80- «» . (Genesis, Pink Floyd), (Marillion, Porcupine Tree, IQ) . 80- Dream Theater -.
, -- : , , .
[] -
[] NWOBHM
-, -, 80- «New Wave Of British Heavy Metal» (NWOBHM, « -»). - Black Sabbath, AC/DC, Judas Priest; 1980- , AC/DC , , Judas Priest 80- NWOBHM (, , ), .
NWOBHM Iron Maiden, , , - . Iron Maiden , , . Iron Maiden ; NWOBHM . , - 80-, Def Leppard, Angel Witch, Saxon, Blitzkrieg. , Motorhead, «» NWOBHM, -.
: Accept ( -), Manowar. NWOBHM -, , - : Helloween, Gamma Ray, Iron Savior, Blind Guardian . NWOBHM, - .
, , -.
[] - -
- 70-, , Aerosmith, Sweet, Kiss, 80- , -. 70- ( ), Mötley Crüe, W.A.S.P., Ratt. . Guns N' Roses, 1987 - - --.
, - , - - «-», «arena rock» , . - Bon Jovi, Europe, Cinderella, Poison; , -- - (Def Leppard, Van Halen).
[] -
- -. - , - , . Metallica, , . 1980- . -, Slayer, Megadeth Anthrax, Exodus, Overkill, Testament. , , - , (Kreator, Sodom, Destruction) , Metallica Slayer.
1981 Venom - , , Black Sabbath . Venom, Bathory Darkthrone, Burzum, Immortal Mayhem. - , (), , , , . Hellhammer ( Celtic Frost), Posessed Death, Entombed, Morbid Angel, Cannibal Corpse.
- - - . ( 600 - ), , , , . Napalm Death, Nasum, Gut, Disrupt, Regurgitate.
[] - 80-
, 80- -, , ( , -), - 80- -, , Oi!.
[]
1980 - , 19771979 . - 70- (Crass Oi!). , , The Exploited. - Anti-Nowhere League G.B.H., . - Discharge, 3-4 . - 80- The Toy Dolls, -- - The Dickies. , The Pogues, - .
[] : oi!
- , - 1970- . , , ; - . , - 80- Black Flag. Black Flag , -, -.
( 15 ) «Group Sex» Circle Jerks Black Flag. - The Teen Idles, Jerry's Kids, 7 Seconds, Minor Threat. - 90- Descendents. Dead Kennedys - . - G. G. Allin.
, , . 1979 Minutemen, -- 80-, , . 1980 Bad Religion , Black Flag - 90-. The Replacements, , , -, .
-, , . «new school hardcore» (Earth Crisis, All Out War, Strife) (D.R.I., Suicidal Tendencies, Cryptic Slaughter).
, , - oi!. oi! 70- Sham 69 Skrewdriver, 1981 Cockney Rejects, -. - 80- oi! .
[] .
70-- 80- . , - - - Stray Cats. , -, - - . , , c , . The Meteors, Mad Sin, The Cramps, King Curt, Quakes, Mental Hospital.
[] . -
, 70- . Madness The Specials , -. - , -.
-. Serious Drinking 1984 , Operation Ivy 1987 . , 90- , Mighty Mighty Bosstones - Voodoo Glow Skulls. - - 1990-.
[] -
[] 80-
1980- (Kraftwerk) - (Depeche Mode, Duran Duran, Eurythmics, The Buggles, A-Ha), . , , INXS.
[] -
1980- - - . , -, -- « », -, ( , Element Of Crime). «» -, . , Killing Joke - , - , , - 90- ( ). Virgin Prunes, , - . DNA - , New Model Army -- -, The Teardtop Explodes . , - The Birthday Party, «deathrock» (Christian Death, Theatre Of Ice). , , Killing Joke Wire, - : , (Depeche Mode), , (Fad Gadget, Chrome, Clock DVA, D.A.F.).
[] -
80- - -, , . . -, Joy Division Virgin Prunes. - The Cure. , 80- , . «» . , .
Siouxsie And The Banshees. . - Bauhaus. , , , - . Bauhaus , , , , - (Specimen, Alien Sex Fiend). , The Sisters Of Mercy, Bauhaus , . The Sisters Of Mercy ( ) The Mission.
- The Cult , -, The Doors. -- (Fields Of The Nephilim, Balaam And The Angel) -.
[] No Wave
«-» - no wave, , - , , . no wave . no wave , .
[]
1980- - , 60- Velvet Underground. 80- , , , . , , «» . « » - -; - 80- , .
[]
80- . -, -, - . R.E.M., 19821983 . - . R.E.M. -. Violent Femmes, - . - The Feelies.
. , , The Replacements, No Means No. - Hüsker Dü, 80-. 80- , , ( ) . , Hüsker Dü -, - .
- Meat Puppets, , -, -, , .
[] -
no wave -, , -. no wave Sonic Youth, - 80-. , , . -.
--: Swans ; Big Black , . Big Black -. - Butthole Surfers ( «Pink Floyd -») - - . - (. . ): Boredoms KK Null.
[] -
19841985 The Jesus and Mary Chain -. - , - , , 60- . The Jesus and Mary Chain ; , «» . - Dinosaur Jr, -.
1988 My Bloody Valentine - . - , . 1990- , (Lush, Ride), .
[] 80-
80- , , , . , . 80- - - U2. Hüsker Dü, R.E.M., Meat Puppets. - Lemonheads. Sonic Youth, Hüsker Dü - Meat Puppets ( Mother Love Bone, Green River, Mudhoney). - Camper Van Beethoven, They Might Be Giants. - Fugazi.
- 80- Pixies. -, -, -, - Hüsker Dü, -, - , , -. Pixies 80-, Nirvana Radiohead.
[]
The Jesus and Mary Chain, - Orange Juice, Aztec Camera. -, bIG fLAME, A Witness. 1980- The Smiths, . The Smiths , , . The Smiths - 80- (The Housemartins, The Wedding Present), - 1990-.
-, -, Cocteau Twins, 90-. - The Primitives, The Vaselines. «» -.
80- - . , , 60- - . The Stone Roses, - . Happy Mondays, « 90- ». -.
[]
80- , 60-70- .
70- , 80- , «» , - The Residents, . ( Captain Beefheart) -- , . 1981 . , , - ( , ) . -.
[] - 90-
[]
| . |
90- . , -, -, . -, , , . 1990- . , . , , , , , (, , , ) , .
[]
[]
1991 . 90- «Nevermind» - Nirvana. - - , Nirvana « ». Nirvana , , , -. Nirvana, , ( Hüsker Dü The Pixies).
Nirvana -. « » , , Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains Soundgarden. Pearl Jam, 90-, , Alice in Chains Soundgarden , , ( , Black Sabbath).
: Stone Temple Pilots, Bush, Silverchair. 1994 , . - 1990- .
[] -
-, , . ( Melvins), 70-. -- Third Eye Blind, The Goo Goo Dolls, Matchbox Twenty. -- : Nirvana Foo Fighters, Soundgarden Audioslave. - - Smashing Pumpkins, , -.
[] -
90- - , . -, The Stone Roses The Smiths. 60-, - 90- , , - .
- Blur Oasis. - - The Kinks The Small Faces; (The Beatles). 1995 . «The Battle Of Britpop». Blur.
Pulp, , The Beatles The Kinks, - , . Suede, Supergrass, The Verve, Gene. - -, . , - 1990- 2000- , .
[] -
- 90- - , , 80-. , « ».
- - Radiohead. -, -, - IDM , , . Radiohead - 90-. - Manic Street Preachers -, - - 80-, -, . , Tindersticks -. -- Muse, , Travis, Coldplay, Placebo.
90- «» : 80- Throwing Muses, - Pixies The Breeders, PJ Harvey, Garbage.
- 1990- Pavement. -. Morphine, . , - Primus, «-». Beck - - -, , , -.
90- Red Hot Chili Peppers , .
, , , , , , . - Tortoise, Sigur Ros, Mogwai. -, -, , (Battles, Don Caballero, Faraquet). -, , Beck, Pavement.
[]
New Order 1991 Primal Scream «Screamadelica», - . , . 90- (Prodigy, Chemical Brothers). 90- IDM (The Postal Service, Hot Chip).
[]
, - - 90- . 90- , , - ( , ). - «-» Chumbawamba.
, -- . (-The Birthday Party), ̸ (-Bauhaus), (-Virgin Prunes).
[] -
90- , , oi! . - NOFX, , , , . 1994 Green Day Offspring . - . - -; 70- Ramones Buzzcocks, , - Green Day Offspring Descendents.
- (Blink 182, Sum 41, New Found Glory, , , !). The Toy Dolls, (The Presidents of the United States of America, The Me First And The Gimme Gimmes, ). - .
[] 1990-
1990- . - 90- , 80-. , , - . .
[]
, ( - - ), . 80- : , Nine Inch Nails Ministry, . - 1990- Faith No More, , , , . , - , Faith No More, 1990-. - : Rage Against The Machine (. . ), Incubus , Tool -.
, , ( ) Arcturus, Diablo Swing Orchestra, Ulver.
[] -
90- (-), ( , Black Sabbath), LSD- . 1992 Kyuss, , . Fu Manchu, Nebula, Queens Of The Stone Age ( Kyuss).
[] -
1990- , -, -, -. Korn. , Faith No More Red Hot Chili Peppers. Korn « » -, : Deftones SlipKnot , System Of A Down -, -, , - . Disturbed Deftones - -, Coal Chamber Evanescence -, Manhole . - ( ), Linkin Park Limp Bizkit.
[] -
90- , ( ) , . -, - - -. Therion 90-. Nightwish, Within Temptation, Kamelot, Rhapsody of Fire, Lacrimosa, Apocalyptica, .
[]
-, - , 90-. Pantera, -- -. , 90- - - -. (Dimmu Borgir, Cradle of Filth) .
[] -
, - , . 1990--2000- Faith No More. ( Mr. Bungle, Fantômas, Peeping Tom, Tomahawk, The Dillinger Escape Plan) , , . - 90- Atari Teenage Riot. 60- 90- 2000- , -, , , . Jon Spencer Blues Explosion , -, - ; , . - - ( Current 93). 90-, , , The Legendary Pink Dots , Pink Floyd, -, -, , -, -. , , Einstürzende Neubauten .
90- , .
[] - 2000-
[] -
90- -, - Jon Spencer Blues Explosion. , , The White Stripes , 70-, --, , -. The White Stripes, The Strokes, The Vines The Hives. - ( The White Stripes), Von Bondies, The Dirtbombs, The Detroit Cobras, The Go. Yeah Yeah Yeahs, - - .
- - -. - Kasabian, Franz Ferdinand Arctic Monkeys, - Hot Hot Heat, The Libertines, The Killers, The Bravery. -, Joy Division Interpol Editors. - LCD Soundsystem, She Wants Revenge.
[] -
- 90- , 21- 70- , - , . , Porcupine Tree, - , -, , «» , - The Mars Volta, 2000- - At the Drive-in. , The Mars Volta -, 10 .
- : , , - ( The Mars Volta, At the Drive-In ). , , , Muse, -. , , , , ( Opeth, -, -), -, , ( Coheed and Cambria) , , 90- 80- , Porcupine Tree , , Dream Theater.
The Mars Volta : -, - - -, , , , , -. , . - , . « -»
Porcupine Tree «» . , - 70-, Pink Floyd Genesis.
- (Muse, Porcupine Tree, The Mars Volta) , -.
[]
, - -, 2000- . . , - , , 16 Horsepower, Iron & Wine, Devendra Banhart.
, , -- , , - . - The Dresden Dolls, Casey Dienel, ; (Man Man).
[] -
[]
- XXXXI / . . ,, 2010. ISBN 7-97823-905-6
- / . . . . .: +, 2002. ISBN 5-94623-025-5
- . . - - // . . . . .-., 2006, . 20-50
- Jeremy Pascall The illustrated history of Rock music. New York: Galahad, 1978. ISBN 9-88-365399-0
- . 19281997 .: . . / . . . , . . , . . , . . : . . . . . : «», 1997. 462 .: ( «») ISBN 5-86174-010-0
- .. -: . .: . ., 2011. 304 ., 1000 ., ISBN 978-5-9901548-6-5
- . . : / . . . .: - -, 2004. 912 . (1824 ): . ISBN 5-98581-004-6
- . . - . . .: , 1978. 158 .
- .. . . .: , 1977. . 2.
- . . . .: , 2008.
- .. . " " . .: "" , 1987. 34 .
[] .
[]
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[]
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