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́ ́ ́ (. Malo Saoloto Tutoatasi o Samoa, . Independent State of Samoa [səˈmoʊə]) , . (19001914) (19141997). 15 1976 ,[1] 1970 .
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| 2 | 193 | 20 167 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | ---¹ | 27 | 4 508 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | ² | 413 | 21 168 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | -- | 38 | 1 666 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 266 | 12 949 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | ³ | 223 | 7 108 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 365 | 4 770 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | 178 | 6 643 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 127 | 5 556 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 523 | 8 984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1 | New Years Day | |
| 2 | Day after New Years Day | |
| 25 | ANZAC Day | |
| 10 | Mothers of Samoa Day | |
| 1 | Independence Day | |
| Labour Day | ||
| -- | Lotu-a-Tamaiti | |
| Arbor Day | ||
| 25 | Christmas Day | |
| 26 | Boxing Day |
[]
[]
(20022004) 4,3 % . 98,6 % (2005). 15 24 0,5 %[78]. , , 3/4 712 . , . , . XX .
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: Samoa Observer Samoa Times (), Savali (4 ) Talamua Magazine (). (Magik FM, K-Lite FM, Talofa FM, Samoa Broadcasting Corporation) (Samoa Broadcasting Corporation, O Lau TV, TV3, Vaiala Beach Television)[80].
175 . (1997), 8,5 . (1999). 2 10 . (2007)[78][81].
[]
. , , . 1991 . 1991 1995 , 1999 ,[82] 2000 -.
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[84] 1984 . . , , 1992. , , 2007 .
[]
[] ,
[]
- - , . 19 2008.
- 1 2 3 Jane Resture. . , . (.)
- The Commonwealth of Nations. Geography of Samoa. 7 2008.
- Samoa districts (.). 7 2008.
- . (.)
- . (.)
- 1 2 . . . , «», 1981
- Watson R.M. History of Samoa: THE ADVENT OF THE MISSIONARY. (1830.1839). P. Chapter III.
- Encyclopedia of the Nations. . (.)
- . (.)
- Stevenson, Robert Louis A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 1-4264-0754-8
- Annexation of Samoa, GlobalSecurity.org. 3 2008.
- Josiah Crosby (1948). «The Future of Western Samoa». International Affairs 24 (1): 89-99. DOI:10.2307/3016954.
- New Zealand goes to war: The Capture of German Samoa (.), nzhistory.net.nz. 3 2008.
- Imperialism as a Vocation: Class C Mandates. 3 2008.
- The 1918 flu pandemic, NZHistory.net.nz. 3 2008.
- Nelson, Olaf Frederick 1883 - 1944, Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. 3 2008.
- The Mau Movement. 3 2008.
- Field, Michael Black Saturday: New Zealand's tragic blunders in Samoa. Auckland, N.Z.: Reed Publishing (NZ), 2006. ISBN 0790011034
- History and migration: Who are the Samoans?, Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. 3 2008.
- Background Note: Samoa, U.S. State Department. 3 2008.
- Constitution Amendment Act (No 2) 1997 (.). 3 2008.
- , , 17 2011
- 30
- . 3 2008.
- , 5, 42
- , 5, 44 (1)
- , 5, 45 (1)
- Samoa: Key Facts: Political, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. 3 2008.
- , 5, 49 (1)
- , 5, 63 (1)
- , 5, 63 (3)
- , 5, 59
- , 5, 60 (2)
- , 4, 31 (1)
- Hassall, Graham and Saunders, Cheryl Asia-Pacific Constitutional Systems. Cambridge University Press. P. 41. ISBN 0521591295
- Samoan king dies at the age of 94, The Sydney Morning Herald. 6 2008.
- NZ Herald
- New Zealand Herald New head of state for Samoa. 18 2011. 3 2008.
- , 3, 18 (1)
- , 3, 18 (2)
- , 3, 19 (1)
- , 3, 19 (2)
- Kogan Page, World of information Asia and Pacific Review 2003/04, 21st edition. Essex, England: Walden Publishing Ltd.. P. 41. ISBN 0749440635
- , 4, 32 (2)
- , 6, 65 (1)
- , 6, 65 (2)
- 1 2 , 6, 65 (3)
- 1 2 3 4 . 7 2008.
- , 6, 75 (2)
- The Commonwealth of Nations. Constitution of Samoa. 6 2008.
- Samoa: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in 2006, U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 3 2008.
- The Commonwealth of Nations. Politics. 3 2008.
- .
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 . 5 2008.
- Samoa: Climate, Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 2008.
- Samoa: Climate, Govt.ws. 5 2008.
- Population of Samoa, Govt.ws. 5 2008.
- Samoa: People; Religions, CIA World Factbook. 3 2008.
- Samoa: Economy (.), CIA World Factbook. 4 2008.
- The Kingfisher Geography Encyclopedia (.). 5 2008.
- Samoa on PACREIP (.). 5 2008.
- Samoa Economy 2008 (.). 5 2008.
- (.). 10 2008.
- Samoa at Atlapedia (.). 10 2008.
- Agriculture of Samoa (.). 10 2008.
- Samoa System of Government Information. 7 2008.
- The Commonwealth of Nations. Geography of Samoa (.). 7 2008.
- The Commonwealth of Nations. Economy of Samoa (.). 7 2008.
- Jane's Oceania. 7 2008.
- Worn With Pride > Tatau (Tatoo), Oceanside Museum of Art. 4 2008.
- Dance: Siva, Samoa.co.uk. 4 2008.
- Robert Louis Stevenson Museum & Grave (.). 10 2008.
- Robert Louis Stevenson on stamps of Samoa (.). 10 2008.
- , . - (.). 10 2008.
- 1 2 3 The Commonwealth of Nations. Society of Samoa. 6 2008.
- Oceania University of Medicine, Oceaniamed.org. 5 2008.
- BBC. Country profile: Samoa (.). 11 2008.
- Infoplease.com. Samoa: History, Geography, Government, and Culture. 10 2008.
- Rugby in Samoa, ManuSamoa.net. 4 2008.
- . 7 2008.
- . 7 2008.
- .. (.). 10 2008.
[]
| «» | |
| Samoa ? |
- Open Directory Project (dmoz).
- CIA The World Factbook
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