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H2SO4 |
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| (. .) |
|
| . . |
98,082 . . . |
| |
98,082 / |
|
1,8356 /³ |
| |
| |
-10,38* °C |
| |
279,6* °C |
| |
°C |
| |
10,73 / |
| |
| pKa |
-3 |
| |
/100 |
| |
| |
1.397 |
|
| |
2.72 |
|
| . CAS |
7664-93-9 |
| EC |
231-639-5 |
| RTECS |
WS5600000 |
|
| 50 |
510 / |
|
 |
́ ́ H2SO4 , (+6). . , SO3. SO3 : H2O < 1, , > 1 SO3 ().
[]
XX [ 58 ] ( , ) , ( ) - [ 58 ].
[] -
, 18 pKa (1) = 2,8, pKa (2) = 1,92 (₂ 1,2 10-2); S=O 0,143 , SOH 0,154 , HOSOH 104°, OSO 119°; , (98,3 % H2SO4 1,7 % H2 338,8). , 100%- H2SO4, (%): H2SO4 99,5, HSO4 0,18, H3SO4+ 0,14, H3O+ 0,09, H2S2O7, 0,04, HS2O7⁻ 0,05. SO3, . H+, HSO4, SO₄2. H2SO4·nH2O, n = 1, 2, 3, 4 6,5.
[]
SO3 , H2SO4·SO3 H2SO4·2SO3.
, :


98,3 % H2SO4.
| % |
20 , /³ |
, |
, |
| H2SO4 |
SO3 () |
| 10 |
- |
1,0661 |
5,5 |
102,0 |
| 20 |
- |
1,1394 |
19,0 |
104,4 |
| 40 |
- |
1,3028 |
65,2 |
113,9 |
| 60 |
- |
1,4983 |
25,8 |
141,8 |
| 80 |
- |
1,7272 |
3,0 |
210,2 |
| 98 |
- |
1,8365 |
0,1 |
332,4 |
| 100 |
- |
1,8305 |
10,4 |
296,2 |
| 104,5 |
20 |
1,8968 |
11,0 |
166,6 |
| 109 |
40 |
1,9611 |
33,3 |
100,6 |
| 113,5 |
60 |
2,0012 |
7,1 |
69,8 |
| 118,0 |
80 |
1,9947 |
16,9 |
55,0 |
| 122,5 |
100 |
1,9203 |
16,8 |
44,7 |
SO3 . 98,3 % H2SO4 . SO3 , . :

. , H2SO4 SO3, , .
:

:

: 10⁻⁵ (373 ), 2,5 (473 ), 27,1 (573 ), 69,1 (673 ).
100%- :

100%- , SO³ .
λ :

, %.
H₂SO₄·SO, η . SO 92 % H₂SO₄ 84 99,8 % H₂SO₄[ 187 ]. ρ 10 % SO. ρ . 100%- 101 (298,15 ), 122 (281,15 ); 6,12, 5,33; ; D = 1,67·10⁻⁵T3/2 ²/.
[]
, ; HI HBr , CO2, S SO2, (Cu, Hg .). SO2, S H2S. H2SO4 , - . H2SO4 , . H2SO4 . : , . ( ) H2SO5 H2S2O8 .
[]
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- , , ;
- , , , . ;
- E513();
- :
- ( , );
- ( );
- ( );
- ( , , ) .
- .
. 160 . . 1 P₂O₅ 2,2-3,4 , 1 (NH₄)₂SO₄ 0,75 . .
[]
. , , ( ). , , , , . . 1,0 /³, 0,3 /³ ( ) 0,1 /³ (). 0,008 / ( 60 ), 0,18 / (60 ). II. , S, .
[]
, , , . , , « », , .
IX -, (FeSO47H2O CuSO45H2O), . , XIII .
XV , , , , , . 300 , . 18 , , , .
[]
, . , - , . ( , ) . , (- , 1907 .) 2 , [1]. 1991 , 3·107 , , 1992 1993 , 1991 1994 [2].
[]
[]
- 218477
- . 66773
- . 1426278
- . . 420477
[]
[]
[]
|
H+ |
Li+ |
K+ |
Na+ |
NH4+ |
Ba2+ |
Ca2+ |
Mg2+ |
Sr2+ |
Al3+ |
Cr3+ |
Fe2+ |
Fe3+ |
Ni2+ |
Co2+ |
Mn2+ |
Zn2+ |
Ag+ |
Hg2+ |
Hg22+ |
Pb2+ |
Sn2+ |
Cu+ |
Cu2+ |
| OH |
|
P |
P |
P |
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P |
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| F |
P |
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P |
P |
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? |
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| Cl |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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| Br |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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H |
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| I |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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? |
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| S2 |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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| SO32 |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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? |
? |
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? |
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? |
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| SO42 |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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| NO3 |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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| NO2 |
P |
P |
P |
P |
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? |
? |
? |
? |
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? |
? |
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? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
| PO43 |
P |
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P |
P |
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? |
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| CO32 |
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P |
P |
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? |
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| CH3COO |
P |
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P |
P |
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| CN |
P |
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P |
P |
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? |
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| SiO32 |
H |
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P |
P |
? |
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? |
? |
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? |
? |
? |
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? |
? |
? |
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? |
? |
? |
(KAl(SO4)212H2O) ((NH4)Al(SO4)2) - (NH4Fe(SO4)2) -(II) ([NH4]2[Fe][SO4]2) -(III) (NH4Fe(SO4)2) -(IV) ((NH4)4Ce(SO4)4) (MgSO4) ((NH4)HSO4) (KHSO4) (NaHSO4) (K2S2O7) (Na2S2O7) (III) ([Fe3(SO4)5](OH)2) - (TiOSO4) (H2SO4xSO3) (H2S2O7) (H2SO4) (III) (Ac2(SO4)3) (Al2(SO4)3) (NaAl(SO4)2) ((NH4)2SO4) (BaSO4) (BeSO4) (VOSO4) (III) (V2(SO4)3) (Bi2(SO4)3) ((NH3OH)2SO4) (II) (FeSO4) (III) (Fe2(SO4)3) (III) (In2(SO4)3) (CdSO4) (K2SO4) (CaSO4) (II) (CoSO4) (III) (Co2(SO4)3) (Li2SO4) (MgSO4) (II) (MnSO4) (I) (Cu2SO4) (II) (CuSO4) (Na2SO4) (II) (NiSO4) (II) (SnSO4) (Pr2(SO4)3) (I) (Hg2SO4) (II) (HgSO4) (II) (PbSO4) (Ag2SO4) (SrSO4) (Sb2(SO4)3) (I) (Tl2SO4) (Cu(NH3)4SO4) (III) (Ti2(SO4)3) (U(SO4)2) (UO2SO4) (III) (Cr2(SO4)3) (III)- (KCr(SO4)2) (Cs2SO4) (IV) (Ce(SO4)2) (ZnSO4) (Zr(SO4)2)