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- 1 2 Encyclopædia Iranica: Turkic-Iranian Contacts I. Linguistic Contacts
16 , , , (, ), , , ; , , . // In the 16th century, the Turcophone Safavid family of Ardabil in Azerbaijan, probably of Turkicized Iranian (perhaps Kurdish), origin, conquered Iran and established Turkic, the language of the court and the military, as a high-status vernacular and a widespread contact language, influencing spoken Persian, while written Persian, the language of high literature and civil administration, remained virtually unaffected in status and content.
- 1 2 3 Vladimir Minorsky. «The Poetry of Shah Ismail», Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 10. No. 4, 1942, p. 1006a.
- 1 2 Laurence Lockhart, Peter Jackson. The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 950, ISBN 0-521-20094-6
- 1 2 Michel M. Mazzaoui, «Islamic Culture and literature in the early modern period» in Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 87
- 1 2 Ronald W. Ferrier, «The Arts of Persia». Yale University Press. 1989. pg 199
- «afavid, (15021736), Iranian dynasty» " (15021736) «»
- 1 2 Encyclopædia Iranica: Safavid Dynasty
- / 1
- (, )
- XXII.
- -[ ]-
- Richard Tapper. «Shahsevan in Safavid Persia», Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 37, No. 3, 1974, p. 324.
- afavid Dynasty
- B. Nikitine. Essai danalyse du afvat al-Safā. Journal asiatique. Paris. 1957, . 386)
- Walther Hinz. Irans aufstieg zum nationalstaat im fünfzehnten jahrhundert. Walter de Gruyter & co., 1936
- David Ayalon. Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom: A Challenge to a Mediaeval Society. Vallentine, Mitchell, 1956. . 109)
- Zeki Velidi Togan, Sur lorigine des Safavides, Mélanges Louis Massignon, Institut français de Damas, 1957, . 345357
- Shah Ismail I (1500-24), the founder of the Safavid dynasty of Azeri origin, made the Shia branch of Islam the official religion of the kingdom of Persia, thus setting the Azéris firmly apart from the ethnically and linguistically similar Ottoman Turks, who were Sunni Muslims. Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003. Europa Publications Staff, Europa Publications, Eur, Imogen Bell, Europa Publications Limited. Taylor & Francis, 2002. ISBN 1-85743-137-5, 9781857431377. Azerbaijan. History by Prof. Tadeusz Swietochowski. p. 104
- In the sixteenth century there came into being a great Persian empire. It was founded by an Azeri Turk named Ismail, leader of a religious sect which dated from the early fourteenth century, had long been confined to the Ardabil district of the north-west, and merged with Shiism in the mid-fifteenth. Hugh Seton-Watson. Nations and States: An Enquiry Into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism. Taylor & Francis, 1977. ISBN 0-416-76810-5, 9780416768107
- 1 2 3 Encyclopædia Iranica: Azerbaijan VII. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan
(=) , , , ( --, , ), . // In this period, under the Qara Qoyunlū and Āq Qoyunlū Turkmen (780874/1378-1469 and 874908/1469-1502 respectively), Āḏarī lost ground at a faster pace than before, so that even the Safavids, originally an Iranian-speaking clan (as evidenced by the quatrains of Shaikh afī-al-dīn, their eponymous ancestor, and by his biography), became Turkified and adopted Turkish as their vernacular.
- Encyclopædia Iranica: Iran V. Peoples Of Iran. A General Survey
The Azeri Turks are Shiʿites and were founders of the Safavid dynasty.
- Roger Savory. Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press, 2007
- Encyclopaedia of Islam. SAFAWIDS. «There seems now to be a consensus among scholars that the Safawid family hailed from Persian Kurdistān, and later moved to Azerbaijan, finally settling in the 5th/11th century at Ardabīl»
- Roger M. Savory. «Safavids» in Peter Burke, Irfan Habib, Halil Inalci: «History of Humanity-Scientific and Cultural Development: From the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century», Taylor & Francis. 1999. Excerpt from pg 259: «, , , , , . , , , , - (the present time, it is certain that the Safavid family was of indigenous Iranian stock, and not of Turkish ancestry as it is sometimes claimed. It is probable that the family originated in Persian Kurdistan, and later moved to Azerbaijan, where they adopted the Azari form of Turkish spoken there, and eventually settled in the small town of Ardabil sometimes during the eleventh century.)».
- . . , . . . ., . . , . . , . . . « XVIII ». 1958
- 1 2 Encyclopædia Iranica: Azerbaijan X. Azeri Literature
- 1 2 V. Minorsky. «The Poetry of Shah Ismail», Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 10. No. 4, 1942
- Z. V. Togan, "Sur lOrigine des Safavides, "in Melanges Louis Massignon, Damascus, 1957, III, pp. 345-57
- 1 2 3 : . .
- 1 2 , ., 1958, .4, . 560
- Most of the Persians, with their own language, learn also the Turkish especially in those provinces which have been long under the jurisdiction of the Grand Seignor, as Shirvan, Adirbeitzan, Iraq, Baghdad, and Eruan, where children are taught the Turkish language and by this means it is so common at court that a man seldom hears anyone speak the Persian; as in the Grand Seigniors country, they ordinarily speak the Sclavonian, and in the Moguls the Persian. But in the province of Fars (which is the ancient Persia) and at Shiraz, they speak only the Persian language. The travels of Olearius in seventeenth-century Persia
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<ref>;autogenerated2 - Vladimir Minorsky, open citation, p. 1007a.
- 1 2 . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . « XVIII ». :, 1958.
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