GNU Free Documentation License . .

: ,
-





















(10)
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16, 60
-
()

́  , .

:

  • ( / );
  • (, , );
  • .

, .

[]

() (), . , , ; . , . , .

b- , b>1, . x b- b:

x = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a_k b^k, a_k  , , 0 \leq a_k \leq (b-1).

b^k . k ( ). x , a_{n-1} b- .

(, ), x b- , :

x = a_{n-1} a_{n-2}\dots a_0.

, :

 103 = 1 \cdot 10^{2} + 0 \cdot 10^{1} + 3 \cdot 10^{0}.

:

  • [1] ( , , « » .);
  • ( , , );
  • ;
  • ;
  • 10  ( );
  • 12  ( );
  • 16  ( , );
  • 60  ( , , , , ).

, ( ) .

[]

b- . \{b_k\}_{k=0}^{\infty}, x :

x = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a_{k}b_k, a_{k}, , .

x k, .

b_k k ,  . . b_k=b^k b, b- .

, , . «d , h , m , s » d\cdot 24\cdot 60\cdot 60 + h\cdot 60\cdot 60 + m\cdot 60 + s .

[]

b_k=k!, x :

x = \sum_{k=1}^n d_k k!, 0\leq d_k \leq k.

[]

. x :

x = \sum_{k=0}^n f_k F_k, F_k  , f_k\in\{0,1\}, f_nf_{n-1}\dots f_0 .

[]

, , . , , .

[]

,

x = \sum_{k=1}^n {c_k\choose k}, 0\leq c_1 < c_2 < \dots < c_n.

[] ()

. (m_1, m_2, \dots, m_n) M=m_1\cdot m_2\cdot \dots\cdot m_n , x [0,M-1] (x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n),

x \equiv x_1 \pmod{m_1};
x \equiv x_2 \pmod{m_2};
x \equiv x_n \pmod{m_n}.

[0,M-1].

(, , , ) , , [0,M-1].

, , . (m_1, m_1\cdot m_2, \dots, m_1\cdot m_2\cdot\dots\cdot m_{n-1}).

[] -

-  , -.

[]

[]

 . . 0, 1, 10, 10², 10³, 104, 105, 106, 107 . , . , .[2]

[]

[]

, , ( ), (), (. ) . .[2]

[]

22 . 1 400 (. . . ). . , , .

[]

[]

, :
I 1,
V  5,
X  10,
L  50,
C  100,
D  500,
M  1000

, II = 1 + 1 = 2
I 1 .

, , , , , :

IV = 4, :
VI = 6

[]

20- : 20, 18 , (17)(19) (1)(0)(0). , (1)(0)(0) = 360 .

(), ().

[]

, (, ) III . .,   , [3], [4]. , , [5]. [6].

[] .

[]

  1. , .
  2. 1 2 . . .
  3. Ordish George, Hyams, Edward. The last of the Incas: the rise and fall of an American empire.  New York: Barnes & Noble, 1996.  . 80.  ISBN 0-88029-595-3
  4. Experts 'decipher' Inca strings. 18 2011.
  5. Carlos Radicati di Primeglio, Gary Urton. Estudios sobre los quipus. - .49.
  6. Dale Buckmaster (1974). «The Incan Quipu and the Jacobsen Hypothesis». Journal of Accounting Research 12 (1): 178-181. 2009-12-24.

[]