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| Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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 IUCN 3.1 Least Concern : / 106003324 |
́[1] (. Pandion haliaetus) , , .
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5558 , 145170 . . ; , ; - , . , . , . , - - . , -, . 18 .[2][3][4]
, 20 % , 510 %. 12001600 , 16002000 . , .[3]
- P. h. haliaetus . .
- P. h. carolinensis . .
- P. h. ridgwayi . , P. h. haliaetus. . .
- P. h. cristatus . .
[]
, . 3-5 : , , , . , , . , .[2][3]
14 , 10 [6]
[]
( ), 10-40 . , , , . , . , . , . , . , . , , .[2][3][6]
24 74 , - .[6]
, , , , , , .[6]
[]
, . , , . -, . , .[2]
, . , . , , . . , , . . , .[2][3]
, , , - . , , , . , , . .[2][3]
, . , , . , .[3]
2-4 - . - . , 40 . , -. . , . . , . , 4 .[2][3][4][7]
, - 10 . , 48-76 , . 70-80 % . , . , 2-8 . , . . 3-10 ( 60-100 ) . .[2][3]
3 , 5 . , . , , « » , , .[2][3]
[]
. , 25 . 26 25 . 2011 30 . . , 60 % 2 8090 % .[6]
[]
( ), ( ). 3840° . 30° .[2][3][8]
100 . , , , , . , . , , , , . , .[2][3][6]
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, , . (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) (Bubo virginianus), . , , , . , (Crocodylus niloticus) , .[2][6]
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, II . , [12].
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- ... (Pandion haliaetus) // . (Falconiformes) (Strigiformes). : / - , 1998. - 483 .
- ... (Pandion haliaetus) // , .1. - .: . . 1951. - .275-279.
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- . ., . . . . , , , , . / . . . . .: . ., «», 1994. . 49. 2030 . ISBN 5-200-00643-0
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Poole, A. 1989. Ospreys: A Natural and Unnatural History. New York: Cambridge University Press
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Poole, A. 1994. Family Pandionidae (Osprey). Pp. 42-50 in J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions
- 1 2 3 Snyder, N., H. Snyder. 1991. Birds of Prey: Natural History and Conservation of North American Raptors. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press, Inc
- Bruun, B., S. Baha el Din. 1999. Common Birds of Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Poole, A., R. Bierregaard, M. Martell. 2002. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). A. Poole, F. Gill, eds. The Birds of North America, Vol. 683. Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America, Inc
- Ehrlich, P., D. Dobkin, D. Wheye. 1988. The Birders Handbook. New York: Simon & Shuster Inc
- Fernandez, G., J. Fernandez. 1977. Some instant benefits and long range hopes of color banding ospreys. Transactions of the North American Osprey Research Conference: 89-94.
- [1]|-
- [2]|- Seili
- [3]|-
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- Kirschbaum, K. and P. Watkins. 2000. «Pandion haliaetus» (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 30, 2006 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pandion_haliaetus.html
- Pandion haliaetus: (.)
