Ñòðîíã, Àííà Ëóèçà
| Àííà Ëóèçà Ñòðîíã | |
| Anna Louise Strong | |
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Àííà Ëóèçà Ñòðîíã (àíãë. Anna Louise Strong, 24 íîÿáðÿ 1885 â 29 ìàðòà 1970)â àìåðèêàíñêàÿ æóðíàëèñòêà è ïèñàòåëüíèöà ïðîêîììóíèñòè÷åñêîé íàïðàâëåííîñòè, äîëãèå ãîäû ïðîæèâøàÿ â ÑÑÑÐ è ÊÍÐ è íàïèñàâøàÿ ìíîæåñòâî êíèã è ñòàòåé â èõ ïîääåðæêó.
[ïðàâèòü] Áèîãðàôèÿ
Ðîäèëàñü â ñåìüå ïðîïîâåäíèêà Êîíãðåãàöèîííîé öåðêâè â Íåáðàñêå. Ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ ñðåäíåé øêîëû â 1902â1903 èçó÷àëà èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè â Åâðîïå. Ó÷èëàñü â 1903â1904 Bryn Mawr College â Ïåíñèëüâàíèè, è â Oberlin College â Îãàéî.  1908, â âîçðàñòå 23, çàùèòèëà ïîëó÷èëà ñòåïåíü Ph.D. çàùèòèâ äèññåðòàöèþ «Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ ìîëèòâû».  1914 åçäèëà â Èðëàíäèþ.  1916 ãîäó áûëà èçáðàíà â øêîëüíóþ êîìèññèþ â Ñèýòëå. Âî âðåìÿ ïðîèçîøåäøåé âñêîðå «Áîéíè â Ýâåðåòòå» (âîîðóæåííîì ñòîëêíîâåíèè ìåæäó áîéöàìè ïðîôñîþçà IWW è ïîëèöèåé ñ ïîìîãàâøèìè åé ìåñòíûìè æèòåëÿìè, â êîòîðîì ïîãèáëî 5 ÷åëîâåê è 50 áûëî ðàíåíî) âûñòóïèëà íà ñòîðîíå IWW. Ñî âñòóïëåíèåì ÑØÀ â ïåðâóþ ìèðîâóþ âîéíó âûñòóïàëà ïðîòèâ âîéíû è ïðîòèâ ïðèçûâà. Ðàáîòàëà â ãàçåòå «Seattle Union Record».
 1921 ãîäó åçäèëà â Ïîëüøó è ÑÑÑÐ ãäå ïîçíàêîìèëàñü ñ Ì. Ì. Áîðîäèíûì.  1925 åçäèëà â Êèòàé âñòðå÷àëàñü ñ æåíîé Ñóíü ßòñåíà Ñóí Öèíëèí.  1927 åçäèëà â Ìåêñèêó, çàòåì âåðíóëàñü â Êèòàé è âìåñòå ñ Áîðîäèíûì è ãðóïïîé ñîâåòñêèõ ðåâîëþöèîíåðîâ ïåðåñåêëà ïóñòûíþ Ãîáè è ÷åðåç Ñðåäíþþ Àçèþ äîáðàëàñü äî ÑÑÑÐ. Àêòèâíî âûñòóïàëà êàê ñòîðîííèê ñîöèàëèçìà è Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñîþçà. Íåñêîëüêî ðàç âñòðå÷àëàñü ñî Ñòàëèíûì.  1930 îñíîâàëà åäèíñòâåííóþ àíãëîÿçû÷íóþ ñîâåòñêóþ ãàçåòó Moscow News («Ìîñêîâñêèå íîâîñòè»). Âûñòóïàëà â ïîääåðæêó êîëëåêòèâèçàöèè, ñîâåòñêîé àííåêñèè ïðèáàëòèéñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ, óñòàíîâëåíèÿ êîììóíèñòè÷åñêèõ ðåæèìîâ â Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïå.
 1932 ãîäó âûøëà çàìóæ çà Äæîýëÿ Øóáèíà, ðåäàêòîðà «Êðåñòüÿíñêîé ãàçåòû».
 1937 åäåò â Èñïàíèþ, ãäå èäåò ãðàæäàíñêàÿ âîéíà, âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ñ ëèäåðàìè ðåñïóáëèêàíöåâ.  1937â1938 ñîâåðøàåò íîâóþ ïîåçäêó â Êèòàé.  1939 âîçâðàùàåòñÿ â ÑØÀ.  1944 ñíîâà åäåò â ÑÑÑÐ, ïèøåò î ñîáûòèÿõ íà âîñòî÷íîì ôðîíòå, ïîñåùàåò Þãîñëàâèþ.  1946 ñíîâà ïðèåçæàåò â Êèòàé, áåðåò èíòåðâüþ ó Ìàî Öçýäóíà, â êîòîðîì îí ïðîèçíîñèò èçâåñòíóþ ôðàçó î «áóìàæíûõ òèãðàõ».
 1948 ñíîâà åäåò â ÑÑÑÐ, íî 13 ôåâðàëÿ 1949 ãîäà âûñûëàåòñÿ ïî óêàçàíèþ Ñòàëèíà êàê «àìåðèêàíñêàÿ øïèîíêà». Ïî ïðèáûòèè â ÑØÀ å¸ îáâèíÿþò â øïèîíàæå, íà ýòîò ðàç â ïîëüçó ÑÑÑÐ.
 1950-ûõ ïåðååõàëà â Êèòàé, ãäå ïðîæèëà äî êîíöà æèçíè. Áûëà â äðóæåñêèõ îòíîøåíèÿõ ñ ×æîó Ýíüëàåì. Ïîääåðæèâàëà ïîëèòèêó Êóëüòóðíîé ðåâîëþöèè è áîëüøîãî ïàëëåòíîãî ñêà÷êà Ìàî Öçýäóíà. Áóäó÷è áëèæàéøåé ñîðàòíèöåé Ìàî Öçýäóíà, Àííà Ëóèçà Ñòðîíã áûëà îäíîé èç íåìíîãèõ èíîñòðàíöåâ ïðèíÿòûõ â õóíâýéáèíû è âîçãëàâëÿëà êîìïàíèþ ÷èñòîê. Óìåðëà â Ïåêèíå.
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[ïðàâèòü] Ñì. òàêæå
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