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Tuvalu

: 8°3100 . . 179°1300 . . / 8.516667° . . 179.216667° . . (G) (O)
: «Tuvalu mo te Atua ( - )»
: «Tuvalu mo te Atua»
LocationTuvalu.png
1 1978 ( )
,

-
-		 II


 % .		 191-
26 ²
0

(2008)
12 177 . (215-)
468 ./²

   (2002)
  
14,94  $ (228-)
1600 $

(AUD, 36)
- .tv,
+688
+12

́ ( Tuvalu, . Tuvalu; 1975   ́ ́)  . - ,   , -  ,   , -   .   21 . 5 4 .   26 ².   12 177 . (2008, ).   .

1568 . 1892 , 1916   . 1974 ( ), . 1978 .   , .

[]

1975 , « »[1] ( ;     ). , , « », 1819 « », .

[] -

[]

. :

, . , - , 1050  , , 4000  - , [2].   , - , , - .

26 ²[3], , ,  494 ². 5 (, , , , ), 3 (, , ) / ()[4], - - 595 [2] ( , ) (5,09 ²),   (0,4 ²).[5]. , , , ( , [6]). 5 [3].

,   . 67  (/),   172  (/)[7].

[]

.

  ( ). , , . , , . [8]. , , . . .

, , . , . , . , . , , [8].

, , , .

[]

5 , .

, , - .[3] ׸ : . , 60 % , ,   .[9] 3000 , 4000 . , , . , [10], , .[11] , 26 32 °C.[11]

- .[9]   - -. /- .[9]

, . , «» ; 90 % , 10 % ; ; . , .[11]

[]

.

, , , 5  . 1993 1999 22 , 1995   40 , .[12]

  , , , , , ( , ), .[13] , , , , . (, , ).[14]

, .[15] , , , , . , : , , , , , .[15]

[]

. , , , , .[16] , (- ) .[5] : , , . , . ( ) (  ).[17]

[]

- , - .[9] , , , .[18] . , - .[19]

[]

. , .[20] , , .   ( Asplenium nidus), , , , , , .   , , . 86 , 44 . .[21]

. , , . , .[21] , , . , , , -.

: , , , , , . 350 30 .[22]

[]

7 (, , , , , ) 1 ().[23]

, ² , 2002
Vaitupu 5,59 1591
Nanumanga 2,8 589
Nanumea 3,87 664
Niutao 2,53 698
Nui 3,37 548
Nukulaelae 1,66 393
Nukufetau 3,07 586
Funafuti 2,54 4492
25,93 9 561

[]

[]

[24]
12 177 (2008, )
468 (2008)
: 25,2
: 24,2
: 26,4 (2008)
0-14: 29,4
15-64: 65,4
64: 5,2 (2008)
47 % (2002)
2,94  (2008)
1,577 % (2008)
1000
 : 18,97  (2008)
: 21,56  (2008)
: 16,25  (2008)
1000
 : 6,98  (2008)
(1841 )

2002 9561 [25] ( , ;   9359 [25]). 2008 12 177 ().[3] , 0,6 % 19912002 1,577 % 2008 , . .[26] 2001 ( ) 1960 ( 1 % , ).[27] ( , ), , ( ), ( ).[28]

, ,  47 %.[26] , , , . , 1992 42 % , 1979   29 %.[29] , , . , 2002 , ( 389 1992 ) ( 40 ).[30] :   ( 165 ). 2002   1610 ², 373 ² (   , 83 ²).[30]

2002 49,3 % (4614 .),   50,7 % (4745 .).[31]   47 %,   53 %.[25]

2008 1,577 %.[3] 15 2002   36,4 %, 15 59   55 %, 60   8,6 %, , 23,6 ( 1991   25,1 ).[25] , 2008 ,  66,7 ,   71,36 .[3]

[]

.

: 2002 94 % , 4,6 %  , 168 ( 1,8 %) ( , ,   ).[32]

[]

, . , . . .[33] 1998 10 670 .[33]

11 . , : ( , , ) ( ; , , ).[33][34]

: .[3] , , XVIIXVIII .[35] , , .[35]

[]

, (. Elekana) 1861 .[36] , , . , . 1969 (. Te Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu).[36]

2002 ( ) 91 % (8521 ),   2 % (183 ). (177 ), (. Brethren Assembly, , 166 ).[37] , .

, . ( , ).[38]

.[38]

[]

[]

  .[39] , 1 1978 , .[40]

- ( , ) , ( ). , 30 2008 , 1260 , 679  .[41]

[]

, ( Fale I Fono) ( ), , 12 [42], .[40] . , 21 [43] ( , [44]). .[45] , - ( ) - .[46]

, .[47] , , .[48] ( ) . , - , , .[48] - .

[]

Ÿ II.[49] .[50] , - , .[51]

-, - ( - )[52] .[53] - , 50 . 65 .[54] - , , .[55]

-, [56], , .[57] - [58], 1/3 [59] .[60] , - , -, -.[61] - .[62] - , -.[63] , - , , , , , , , , , , , .[64]

[]

(. Sovereign in Council), (. Court of Appeal for Tuvalu), (. High Court of Tuvalu) ( : ).[65]

  [66], , .[65] , .[67] [68],   .[69] , , , , .[70] .[71] : , , ; ; , [72]; .[73]

, .[74] .[75]

[]

, 18 .[76] , 12 ; ; , .[77] .[78]

8 .[79] , , , ; , , ,   .[80]

[]

1960- , . , , , , , , .[81]

1997 , ( Falekaupule), , . , , ́ , , , .[82] ( , , , , , , , ), .[83] ( Kaupule), , , () , , , .[84]

[]

, , , .[85]

[]

, .

(. Tuvalu Police Force), ( , [86]), , . , , , .[87] 2007 81 .[88] , - , .[89]

2003 2345 ( 2002   2370). :   1666,   591.[90]

[]

28 , .[91] 18 2011 , 19 . 22 2011 [92]. 16 2012 - . 2011 . [93]. , , , .[94]. . , , , , , .

, , , .   ( 189 - 5 2000 [95]), , , , , .

[]

:
1831
1894

. , , 300500 . , .

, 1568 . « ». XVIII . 1788 . 1819 «», « » .

XIX , - . , 1862 1864 400 . 1865 .

1892 , 1916   . .

1974 , , , , . , 1978 .

[]

[]

[24]
1 (AUD) = 100 ,
1 = 100 ( )
 ?
( ) 229- (2006)
() $14,94  (2002, )
3 % (2006)
() $1600 (2002, )
3,8 % (2006, )
3615 (2004, )
NA
,
$1  (2004, )
(.) , ,
$12,91  (2005)
(.) , , , ,
.
$21,54  (2006)
$23,05  (2006)

, , : , , , . , , , , .[96]

-: , .[96] , .[97]

, 60 % .[98] 1998 : (25 %), (16 %), , (15 %), (13 %), (31 %).[98]

(. Tuvalu Trust Fund), , 1987 , . 2006 USD$17  USD$77 .[3]

, , , : , , , (.tv), .[99]

2002 $14,94 ,   $1600.[3] . , 1998 19 %, 2000   14 %, 1996 1999 : 1 % 6 %.[100]

[]

. , , ( ) , .[6] , , , .

, . , ( ). . , , , , . , .   . ( - ).[101] , , , . , (. Cyrtosperma chamissonis).

, .

[]

  , . (), 518 670 ².[4] (, 2000 AUD$ 9,7  44 % [98]). , . Katosowonuspelamis. , .

15 % , : 2006 $4 .[3]

[]

, .

2002 8 .[3] .

«Air Fiji» ( , ) «Air Pacific» ( ()).[102] 2007 1   .[3]

, . . , 74 .[3]

[]

.

: «Sikuleo o Tuvalu» ; - [103] «Tuvalu Echoes» (. Tuvalu Media Corporation), - «Tuvalu News».[104]

FM-: «Radio Tuvalu». ; , , .[103]

: , , . 2005 900 1300 .[3] 2002 1300 .[3]

1990- .tv ( «»). 1998 «Information.ca», USD$50 .[105] , «The .tv Corporation International», «Idealab! Internet Incubator» (- ). , 20 % USD$50  ( 12,5 USD$1,0  ).[105] 2000 USD$12,5 . , 2001 «The .tv Corporation International» USD$45  «Verisign Corporation», .com, .net .org.[106] USD$10 . USD$2,2  5 % , «Verisign Corporation» 2016 .[107]

1990- 2000 688 , - . : 1999 AUD$ 3  ( USD$ 1,6 ). .[108]

. 1978 , 1980- . 1980-1981 , 20 % .[109] , « », «», «» «», .[110] , , .

[]

, . , , ( , ).[111] .

2007 1130 (, 1998   1006 , 2003   1377 ).[112] , [113] . 2002 13,46 % .[114] , , .[115]

[]

, , , , , , . , , . . 2006 AUD$ 13 033 348,   AUD$ 16 838 622.

2006 (46,1 %), (18,9 %), (18,2 %), (7,7 %), (4,1 %).   (60,5 %), (20,1 %), (6,9 %).[3]

[]

  . 1966 1976 , 1976 , . , , , ISO 4217. .

2006 23,05  ,   21,54  .[3] : 150220 % 1999 2003 .[116] , . , , - , .[116]

, .

,   , .[117]

[]

[]

, . , , , , .[118]

, , ( aliki), , . , . : , , .[119] , , . - ( tao aliki). , , , .[119] . ( ), . , , , . , ( sologa), : - , - .[119]

[]

.
, , .

, .

« , ».[120] .[120] , .[121] , , , , , .[120] : , . .[122]

, ( fakanau) ( fakaseasea) : , , , .[123] .

, . , .[124] , .[125] . , .[123] , .

, ( oga, onga), , .[124] , . .

, , ( fatele), , .[120] , . , , , , ( ).[126]

, , , ( nafa), ( pātē, , ).[127] . , , ,   .[126]

[]

. , . 29 1979 , 0:18 ( ).[128] 31 1979 5:3.[128] 2007 , , .[129]

2004 2007 .[130] 11 , : , , , , .[131] 2008 , ( ), . .

.: 2008.

[]

[132]:

1 New Years Day
Good Friday
Easter Monday
Commonwealth Day
, Gospel Day (Te Aso o te Tala Lei)
The day appointed for the celebration of the Anniversary of the Birthday of the Sovereign
National Childrens Day
1 2 Tuvalu Day
The day appointed for the celebration of the Anniversary of the Birthday of the Heir to the Throne
25 Christmas Day
26 Boxing Day

[]

[]

1978 , - , , (. Princess Margaret Hospital), . 2003 ( ).[133] , .[133] , .

: , [134] ( , , , , ).[135]

, , , , .[133] , . , .[134] , . , ( /). 20 % , [133] (, , .[136])[133]

2002 49 % 3 % ( 45 % 1 % ).[137] : ( 60 % 25 % ).[137]

[]

.

6 15 . : , .[138]

17 , , .[138] , , , , , .[138]

6 13 . , .[139] 2006 2067 (   1102 ,   965 ),   103 .[140]

: 1998 , . - , , , .[139]

(. Tuvalu Marine School; 1978 ; [141]), , .[142]

, , , , , , , . .[143]

[]

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