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́ (. Selçuklular, . Seljuklar, . Səlcuqlar, . سلجوقیان Saljuqiyân, . سلاجقة Saljuq, as-Salājiqa)  , , , , , . , , , , 955 -; - -. . , -, . - (1035, 10581063), - - (10631072), - (10721092).

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  2.   - (, , 1074 ) , - I. 1170 , , 1198 .
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  4. ( )  ( -) (10811086): - I (10921107); , , (1190), I (11641211), ; ( 1204 .); . (12111219); - (12191234); II (12371244).   ( 1262 ) ( 1265)  , . III (12651284) , ,   II, 1309; , 1295 , 1297 II III, .

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  • Borj-toghrul.jpg
  • Male royal figure, 12-13th century, from Iran.jpg
  • Seljuq Ewer.jpg
  • Shatranj.jpg

[] .

[]

  1. Hottinger, Arnold, The Arabs, (University of California Press, 1963), 90; «..and for these Turko-persian Seljuks who now ruled the largest Islamic state»
  2. Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; «..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..», «It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace.»
  3. Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din Nishapuri (2001), "The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq-nama of Zahir al-Din Nishapuri, " Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK. K.A. Luther: « the Turks were illiteratre and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the Empire»(pg 9)
    • Jackson, P. (2002). «Review: The History of the Seljuq Turks: The History of the Seljuq Turks». Journal of Islamic Studies 2002 13(1):75-76; doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.
    • Bosworth, C. E. (2001). «Notes on Some Turkish Names» in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqis Tarikh-i Masudi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299313.
    • Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).
    • Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani Origins and Identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.
    • Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
    • Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2005, p. 399
    • Michael Mandelbaum, Central Asia and the World, Council on Foreign Relations (May 1994), p. 79
    • Jonathan Dewald, Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, Charles Scribners Sons, 2004, p. 24: «Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks.»
    • Ram Rahul. March of Central Asia, Indus Publishing, page 124.
    • C.E. Bosworth, «Turkish expansion towards the west», in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, 2000.
    • Mehmed Fuad Koprulu, Early Mystics in Turkish Literature, Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff, Routledge, 2006, pg 149.
    • O.Özgündenli, «Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries», Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK)
    • Encyclopaedia Britannica, «Seljuq», Online Edition, (LINK)

[]

  • . ( «Journ. Asiat.»);
  • Houtsma, «Zur Gesch. d. S. von Kirman» («Z. D. M. G.», . 39).
  • , «Gesch. d. Bysantiner und d. Osman. Reiches» ( );
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