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Washington (District of Columbia)
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: 38°5342 . . 77°0212 . . / 38.895° . . 77.036667° . . (G) (O) ()38°5342 . . 77°0212 . . / 38.895° . . 77.036667° . . (G) (O) ()
1790
177 ²
125
601 723[1]  (2010)
3771 ./²
5,4 [2]
UTC-5, UTC-4
+1 202
20001-20098, 20201-20599
http://www.dc.gov/  (.)
( ) ()
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, . .

́ (. Washington, D.C., : [ˈwɑʃɪŋtən ˌdiː ˌsiː])  , .   , , . 1791 , . 1871  (.). (. District of Columbia, D.C.), , , - , «-» « -».

, - . 601 723 [1]; - .  (.)., , 5,4  ; [2].

, , . 176 [   132 ], - , , , ,  (.)..

13 . , . , . , . 1961  (.)..

: . Justitia Omnibus (. Justice for All, ).

[]

[]

, , , 4000 [3]. XVII , [4][5]. .

, 1662 . 1670 ; [6]. 1697 , [7].

1751 , 280 [8],  (.).; ( 1749 ). , . , [9].

[] XVIII

, . , , , . , , 17781783 . 1783 - . , ,  (.). , , . «  (.).», 21 «» , -[10].

1787 , . 8 1 :

( ), , , ; , , , , , , ;

, 1, 8[11].

23 1788 № 43 «» , [12]. , , . , -, - . , - , , , , [13]. 1790  (.)., , , , . , , . 1790 «» . , , . [14].

16 1790 , [15]. 10 , . 1791 . , ( , ) 1791 , , [16]. 9 1791 [17], ( , )[18][19]. 17911792  (.). 40  (.). . [20]. , , .

[] XIX

17 1800 [21].

1801  (.). , ,  (.). . : ( ) ( )[22]. .

1814

2425 1814 -  (.).. ,  (.). [23]. , , , 1868 [24].

183040- . , , [25]. 1840 , . 9 1846 .[26].

1850  (.). ( ) [27]. 1860 80 % . 1861 , , - . 1862 , , 3100 [28]. 1870 132 000 [29]. , , - ; , - [30].

, 1865

1871 , , , [31]. , 1871 , . . 1873  (.).; 20 $ ( 2007 357 $[32]) , , . 1874 , 1901 .

[] XX

1930- , . , [33]; 1950   802 178 [34]. 1961 , -, .

1963

4 1968 , . , 13 000 . , 1990-[35].

1973 , [36]. 1975 [37]. 1980- 1990- . 1995 [38]. 2001 , .

[] XXI

11 2001 : №77 (.). American Airlines . , - ; 189 ( , 59 125 , )[39]. , ; 11 2008 [40].

2010    (.)., 2011 [41].

[]

- , 53 [42]. 177 ², 159 ² , 18 ²  [43]. , , -. : - (.).[44]. , - (.)., - , 1870- [45].  (.)., .

.  (.).,  (.).,  (.). .    (.)..

, [46]. , .   , 125 [47].   .

20 % . , , «- (.).», , « » [48]. , ,  (.)., [49].

[]

[50]. , . , , , 37 . 3,3 °C [51]. , ,   . «», , , , . [52].

, 26,2 °C 66 %[51][51][53]. , .

6 1918 20 1930   +41 °C, 26 °C  11 1899  (.).[52].

  • 14,5 °C
  • 3,9 /
  • 66 %
( 1981-2010)
 , °C 26,1 28,9 33,9 35,0 37,2 38,9 41,1 41,1 40,0 35,6 30,0 26,1 41,1
, °C 6,3 8,4 13,3 19,2 24,1 29,0 31,3 30,3 26,4 20,2 14,4 8,2 19,3
, °C 2,2 3,9 8,2 13,8 18,9 24,0 26,6 25,6 21,7 15,3 9,8 4,3 14,5
, °C 1,9 0,6 3,1 8,3 13,6 19,1 21,7 20,9 16,9 10,3 5,1 0,3 9,7
, °C 25,6 26,1 15,6 9,4 0,6 6,1 11,1 9,4 2,2 3,3 11,7 25 26,1
, 71 67 88 78 101 96 95 74 95 86 81 78 1010
:

[]

[]

: , ,   .   , , , , ( ) ( ).

, , : . 1991  (.).; , . . , , - , , [54]. 2005 , 78 % , , 50 [55]. , , , 6182 % , [55][56]. , , .

[]

,

№ 1 , .  (.). 1973 . , (  (.).) , 12 . , , [57].

, ( ) . , . .

,  (.)., [58]. 1978 , , , 12 . 1989 The Washington Monthly « »[59]. 1991  (.).; , [60].

1994 , [61]. 1998  (.).; , . 2006  (.)., 2010  (.)..

[]

[62]. 1938 ; , . 2004 150 . [63].

[62]. 1871 . ; , , . .

[]

%, ±
1800 8144 -
1810 15 471 90,0 %
1820 23 336 50,8 %
1830 30 261 29,7 %
1840 33 745 11,5 %
1850 51 687 53,2 %
1860 75 080 45,3 %
1870 131 700 75,4 %
1880 177 624 34,9 %
1890 230 392 29,7 %
1900 278 718 21,0 %
1910 331 069 18,8 %
1920 437 571 32,2 %
1930 486 869 11,3 %
1940 663 091 36,2 %
1950 802 178 21,0 %
1960 763 956 4,8 %
1970 756 510 1,0 %
1980 638 333 15,6 %
1990 606 900 4,9 %
2000 572 059 5,7 %
2010 601 723[64] 5,2 %

. 1860 , , 75 000 [65], , , - . 75 % 1930- [65]. , [66]. 1950- 802 178 [67]. - , . , 1960- , , 1980 [65]. 1990- , 2000 [68], 2010 5,2 %[1].

, , : . 1 % 10 % 1810 [69]. 1800 1940 30 % [34].

1970 , , , - . [70].

2000 , 33 000 « », 8,1 % [71]. , 2009 .

2010 601 657 [1]. : 2000 572 059[72]. - [73]. 5 [2]. , , [74].

2007 , . - ( 74 000[75]), [76]. 85,16 % , 8,78 %  1,35 %  [77]. , 46 % , , , [78].

, , 2010 50,7 % , 38,5 % , 3,5 % 0,3 % . 4,1 %,   2,9 %. 9,1 %[79].

[]

: 28 %   , 9,1 %  , 6,8 %  , 1,3 %  13 % . 10,6 %, 4,5 % . 26,8 % [80].

, . - -.  (.)., - (.). 17- .    (.)..

[]

1990- « » , [81]. 1991 479 , 90- . 2009 143 , 1966 [82]. 1995 2007 47 %.

, . - , . , , -, , [83].

 (.)., 4000 [84].

1975 , , 5 1977 . 2007  (.). «  (.).». 2008 [85]. , . ; , , [86].

22 2006 17 : 22:00[87]. :

, 10 , .

[87].

[]

, , , . , ;   , , . 2007 14 % [88]; 2008 27 %, [89]. 2008 97,2  ; 35 50 [90].

, , , , , - , «» , [91].

2010  (.). 6,9 %; 49 [92]. 12 %[93].

-

, ; , , , , . ( Fortune) : (92 68  ) «Fannie Mae» (270 29  )[94]. ; ,   , . : 130 [95].

, 2009 , -[96]. Expansion 2006 [97]. , - , [98]. 2008 , , , Forbes[99].

2006 55 755$; , [100]. 19 % ( 2005 ); , [101].

[]

,

. 27 1976 86 171 [102].   - [103]  1 .

, , . SmarTrip[104].

, SmartBike DC, 2008 [105]. . , , [106]. 2010 «Capital Bikeshare», 1100 110 [107].

« (.).», « (.).» -. .

: .  (.). (DCA) ; , . , , , [108]. [109].

  (IAD), 42  (.). ; 50 . [110].   2007 24,7 [111].

/ (BWI), -, . 2010 15 25  [112].

[]

. :
, . 1792 .

  .  (.)., , . 1791 [113]. , , . (1,6 ) 400 (120 );   [114].

1792 - , , .  (.).. , [115]. , - , - [113].

XX , [113]. 1900 ,  (.)., 1901 . , , , , . , , [113].

« (.).» 1894 , , . 1910 : 20 (6,1 )[116]. , [117][118]. - , ( ) .

: - (NW), - (NE), - (SE) - (SW). [119]. , . (). , , . , , -, , - (.). 59 , - « »[120].

[]

.  (.). [121]: , , , , . , , : , ,  (.)., , .

. , , [122].  (.)., . «  (.).», , 1765 [123] . 1870- . 1789 [124].

  ,    (.)., 288 000 [125].

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  . , , . :  (.).,  (.). [126]. , , , , [127].

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- . Dischord Records, , - 1980- - 1990-[135]. TeenBeat Records (.). ESL Music (.)..

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« »  , . , , , , , , . . « », 28 1963 . 300 000 « ». , . : «  (.).», 22 1974 , . 2003 « » 250 000 [136].

20 2009

20   . 1981 ; , . , . , . , 44- 20 2009 , , 800 [137] 1,8 [138]. , - .

. ( )  (.).; , 1912 . , . 1935 , 1994 . , ; [139].  (.).. , .

. , ,  (.).[140]. (4 ) , [141].

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  The Washington Post. 1877 [142]. 2008 [143]. USA Today, , , [144].

Express, The Washington Times, The Washington Examiner (.)., Washington City Paper (.). Washington Business Journal, , . The Hill, Politico Roll Call . National Geographic, The New Republic The Washington Monthly (.)..

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129 , 20092010 45 000 [145]. 1999 [146]. - 2001  (.).[147][148]; 52, 28 000 [149]. 18 000 ( 2006 ) 83 [150].

. , , . , ( , , 12).   , 1789 ; .

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 (.). (UDC).

2010   , 16 , , 18 [152]. The Times 2009 , 13 ( ) 80 ( )[153].

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16 [154]. , , , 27 . , - 200 000 . .  (.).  (.).. , [155].  (.)., , , .

2009 , 3 % ; « ». , - , [156].

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  • 19011960   « »/« » ( ),
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  • 1969    « » ( ).

«  (.).», ( 1922 ) 1921 , 1941 . 1932 « », .

1946 («  (.).»), 1951 . , , 1946 1949 , . , « », 1961 .

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[]

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