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Republic of the Fiji Islands
Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti

: 17°4848 . . 179°2444 . . / 17.813333° . . 179.412222° . . (G) (O)
: «Rerevaka na Kalou ka Doka na Tui
( )»
: «, »
FJI orthographic NaturalEarth.svg
10 1970 (
, ,


-		 II


 % .		 155-
18 274 ²

(2009)
849 000[1] . (156-)
46,4 ./²

   (2008)
  
3,678 [2] $ (153-)
4196[2] $
(FJD, 242)
- .fj
+679
+12

́ ́ ́ (. Republic of the Fiji Islands, . Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti, . Fidźi Dwip-samuh Ganaradźja / ) , , .

:

[]

, -, . , , . «» (. Viti), «» (. Fisi). , ,   (. Fiji)[3].

[] -

[]

.

, - . , , 1770  4450  - [4].   , - , , , , .

18 274 ²[5] ( 18 074 ²). 332 , [6].   - -, 10 429 ² 5556 ²[6]. - 70 % . (, ), .   (470 ²), (411 ²), (140 ²) (104 ²). , -, -, , , , , . (43 ²), 650  -- [6]. - - 595  ( ), - -  454 [4]. , , 1324  -[5].

, ,   ,   .

[]

- ,   , , -. , [7].

, . , , - , , [8]. , 50  , () [9]. , , 4840  , , -[10]. . , (. Crook) (. Belbin), ---, ( 50  ) [11]. , , .

, , 8  . , , , . , - (), (-) [7]. ( -) . , , [7]. , - , . [12]. , . . ,   [12].

, (, - -), , [13]. . - , - [14]. - - ,   . - ,   ,   [14].

, , . , , 18°, 67 % -, 72 %  -, 49 %  78 %  [15]. , , -, 1322 . 30 , 1000 [15]. , , 388 , , -, 314 [16].

, , , , - . , ( , )[15].

[]

, , , . , 1970-  - 57-58 %,   6,7-7,5 %, (V)  0,7-0,1 %, (III)  0,3-0,35 %[17].

. 1933 . , , , , ( )[18].   () , (   , ;   , )[17]. , [17].

. , - , . , , 5,420 [19][20].

[]

 
 
315
 
30.6
23.6
 
 
288
 
31.0
23.8
 
 
371
 
30.6
23.5
 
 
390
 
29.7
23.1
 
 
267
 
28.3
21.9
 
 
164
 
27.6
21.4
 
 
142
 
26.5
20.4
 
 
159
 
26.6
20.5
 
 
184
 
27
20.9
 
 
234
 
27.8
21.7
 
 
264
 
28.8
22.5
 
 
263
 
29.8
23.2
°C
: Fiji Meteorological Services

[21]. , - - , , . , , [21]. , , , , - ,   [22]. , , - , . , - -, ( -, , ) ( , , )[22]. , -, , 3000 5000 , , , , , 2000 3000 [22]. -. , ,   . [23].

. 23 25 °C,   26 27 °C. (-) (-) 3 4 °C. [24]. 18 °C, 32 °C. 15 °C, , - , 8 °C,   39,4 °C[24]. , -. , - -, . , , . [24].

, , . [25], [24]. , [24].

[]

, . , [26]. , , , , , , . ( 600 ) , . , , , , [27]. , , , , [27].

[]

. , - , , , , .

, - . 70 %   , , -[28]. , , 145  ( 100 ), 3000 ². , , . -, , . , 55 [28].

. . , (. Tagimaucia), . 23 . ( , )  , -[28].

[]

, , . . , [13]. . , - [29]. , 90 % [30]. , , , , , .

42 . , , , , [31]. - . , .

2600 , 1600 1000 . 310 2225   [30]. : 63 %. Degeneriaceae, 11 450470 [30].

. ́ . , , 3500 , 400 , . , 15 , 14 , 33 ,   22 [32].

, 55 , ( 24   ) . ( ), ( ), 10 ( ), 12 ( )[33]. .

, , .

[]

. :

, , ( 14 ): , , , , , , , , -, , , , .

  • , , .
(²) (2007 )[34]
478 10 167
487 10 683
411 16 461
2634 231 760
- 2385 58 387
1341 29 464
2004 72 441
1379 14 176  ?
2816 49 344
1666 160 760
570 6898
272 100 787
830 18 249
755 55 692
46 2002
18 074 837 271

[]

[]

[35].
( . .) 1961 2003 .
957 780 (2010, )
52,4 ./²
: 25,8
: 25,3
: 26,4 (2010)
0-14: 30,1
15-64: 65
64: 4,9 (2010)
52 % (1996)
2,63  (2010)
1,367 % (2010)
1000
 : 11,28 
: 12,42 
: 10,08  (2008)
1000
 : 5,66  (2010)

, 1891 . ( 2007 )[36].

2007 ( ), 837 271 [36]. 2010 , , 957 780 [5]. : 1,4 % 2010 [5]. 2007 0,7 % 1996 , 62 196 [36].

. 2007 , 231 760  (27,7 %). 160 760  (19,2 %),   100 787  (12 %),   72 441  (8,6 %), -  58 387  (7 %),   55 692  (6,6 %),   49 344  (5,9 %),   29 464  (3,5 %),   18 249  (2,2 %),   16 461  (2 %),   14 176  (1,7 %),   10 683  (1,3 %),   10 167  (1,2 %),   6898  (0,8 %),   2002  (0,3 %)[37].

, . 2001 7000  ( 3 % , ). (57 %) , 11 %  , 5 %  [38]. 2006 48 150  ( 2001   44 040 ), (28 610 , 59,4 %), (8950 , 18,6 %) (7910 , 16,4 %)[39]. , : 2000   10 265 , 2,7 % , [40].

2007 50,7 % ( 424 846 )[41]. : (76 064 ), (74 481 ), (43 473 ), (24 919 ), (11 685 )[42]. , , .

2007 51 % (427 176 .),   49 % (410 095 .)[43]. 15 2008   29 %, 15 59   66,4 %, 65   4,6 %[43]. 2010 , 25,8 [5]. , 2010 ,  68,46 ,   73,73 [5].

[]

: 2007 , 57,2 % (475 739 ) , , 37,5 % (313 798 )  -. : 1,2 % (10 335 )  , 1,8 % (15 311 )  , 1,3 % (10 771 )  , 0,6 % (4704 )  -[44].

- . 2007 (126 142 ) (42 550 ). (  , , )[45].

[]

: ,   . - .

[]

:   64,5 % (  35 %,   9 %,   6 %,   4 %,   11 %),   27,9 %,   6,3 %,   0,3 %,   1 % ( 2007 ).

[]

[]

  [46]. .

1970 . [47]. Ÿ II, -. , , , Ÿ , . 52 , . 22 , 22   -, 8   , . 22 - ,   ,   -,   ,   [47].

14 1987 , 1970 . 7 1987 . 25 1990 , , . : , . 70 ( ). . 37 , 27 -, 1   5   , . 34 . 24 , 1 9   [47]. , 1990 , ( 1990 ). 1995 , , ( 10 1996 )[47].

1997 , . 2009 1997 , , 2006 - [48]. , , . , 2014 [49]. 30 2009 . 1997 , , - , , [50]. - , .

[]

, . , , , . .

[]

-, . , -, , . - . , , - , , , . - - , .   8 . , , . , , .

[]

. 71 . 25 ( 5 ). 46 : 23 , 19 -, 1 3 (, ). , , 32 , (14), - (9), (8), (1). , , , .

[]

. . .


[]

: -

() - . , (6 1   3200 .), . .

[]

: ,
  .

3,5 . . .

1642 . , , . , , . . 1860- , 1870- .

- (   ), , . , , . , . 1871 1874 . 1874 , , . « ».

1879, , . 1916 , , 1945 . , , , .

1970 . 1970 . . , -.   , : . -. 1987 . , . ( 1987 .) , - , . . 1987 . .

1990 , ; , .

1997 , . 1999 , -. , (George Speight), . 2000 , , , -.

, , 2006 - . . -.

[]



() $3792 .
169
1,8%
$4300 (2010 .)
:
:
: 8,9%, 13,5%, 77,6% (2004 .)
() 4,8%
25,5% (1991 .)
335 000 (2008 .)
7,6 (1999 .)
$1202 .
, , , , , ,
15,21%, 12,11%, 11,23%, 5,39%, 4,74%, 4,44% (2009)
, , , , , .
27,27%, 19,36%, 15,15%, 6,92%, 5,23%, 4,25% (2009)
$127 000 000
$1 363 .
$1 376 .
$63960 .
,

[]

, , , [5]. .

1986 ( , ) . [51]. 1986 ( ), , - . 1987 , : , , , . 1996 [51]. .

XXXXI . , , , [52].

2010 , , $3,9   168  ( $4400   154  )[5]. 2000 2009 0,9 %[53]. 2010 0,1 % (187  )[5]. ( 2000 2006 ), , ( - )[54]. , [53].

2010 , 16,1 %,   24,4 %,   59,5  %[5]. , [5]. ́   70 %, 30 %  .   335 . ,   7,6 %[5].

2010 , ,  5,0 % ( 2009   6,8 %)[55], 2010   $1302,7  ( 2010   $1307,4 )[56]. ́ , , , ,   , , [57]. 2008 US$275,4 , 6,9 % [52].

- . 20082009 31 % ( 20022003 10 %). , , . ( , ) 20082009 $152 , 3,1 % [58].

[]

, , , 65 % 43 % [59][60]. : 2001 12,3 % , 2009 9,5 %.   , , - [59].

[]

. 18 ², 16 % [60]. , ,   - -. 24 % , 23 %  53 %  . 83 % , , , XIX- XX [60].

. 2,2 % 11,7 % [61].   , , , , , , [62]. «Fiji Sugar Corporation», , , , . 2010 1,8  ( 20,9 % 2009 ) 132 .  ( 21,5  % 2009 ), , , , [63][62]. , , . , , [64].

, . 1991 , 46 . , 600 . . 2009 15 . 560 . [65].   [66].

, , - (39 , 2009 ;   ;   , , , , , , )[67], (2 . , 2009 ), (6 . , 2009 ), (56 . , 2009 ), (58 . , 2009 ), (4 . , 2009 ; 29 . , 1991 ). , , , [68].   (2,8 . , 2009 ), (3,4 . , 2009 ), (335 , 2009 )[69].

[]

, - . 2005 1300  , 7918  ( , )[70], 880  , 9300  . , 13 840  [27]. .

2007 315  ,   8400 [27]. 1850- , ( ) 1859 . ́ -[71].

, . . , , , -,  «Rewa Co-operative Dairy Company Limited» (RCDC). , [72]. 2005 2008 260 , 80 % RCDC[72]. 2009 , 22 551 , 10 175  ;   36 599 [73]. RCDC 10,3  [72].

. 1997 2007 : 927 1150 [27]. 2009 9408  , 101 196  ( 1991 187 235 )[74].

. 2009 818  , 14 068  ( )[75]. 1999 40,7  , [76].

2009 , 73 698 ,   27 124 . : 2009 3,6  , 19 751 [77].

[]

  , . , 1,5 % [78]. , 9 . , 44 [79]. 2003 47 .  , 28 .  [80].

, 1,29  ²[81]. .

,   (, , ), 2007 13 . [82]. , 51 % ,  .   , , [83].

. 1989 «Pacific Packaging Ltd» . , , [78].

100 50 . , , , , , , , - ,   , , , . , , , ( )[82][78]. , (95 % )[84].

[]

1 %, ( , , ). 9350 ² , ́ , [85].

( , . Pinus caribaea), 1960- , 2005 488 ²[86]. «Fiji Pine Limited», 99,8 % [85]. , - -, 420 ²[85]. , . Swietania macrophylla[87], 1950- . 2005 537 ²[86].

́ , ( 50 % )  [85]. 2005 :   104 . ³,   322 . ³,   17 . ³. , 443 . ³[88]. 2005 220 . ³.   , - [89].

[]

, , . , , , [90]. , ( , ) ()[64].

[]

. , 2005 1 % , ́ . 2005 $39,3 , 7,8 % [91].

, . - (. Charles Gurney) 1868 [92]. XX , ( 1872 ). , , 1932 (. William Bothwick)[92]. , 1936 , , ( «Emperor») ( 1946 -). 1956 «Emperor Mines Limited» (EML)[92].

, 2006 EML. 1936 2006 7  [93]. 2006 . 2007 «Westech Gold Pty Ltd», , , «River Diamonds Plc», «Vatukoula Gold Mines Plc»[93][94]. 2008 . 2007 932 ( ), 2010 61 .  328  [95].

[]

: 12-15 % . , [96].

, 1988 , , 1997 , - . , 95 % , 1991   80 %. , 70 % , 13 . , , , [97].

, , . ( ) Adidas, Nike, Yakka, Australian Horizon .[98]

2001 . , ( , SPARTECA, )[97]. 2006 , , : 2005 F$116 , 2006   F$46,6 [95]. 2010 ( F$66 ), [95][99]. ( ), [99][64].

( 2005 143 .  , 2010   163 . ), . 2010 23  , 193   ( , 40 ), 2,7    , 4,1 .  , 3,8   116 . [95].

[]

, , , , , . , , ( ) , [100]. 2010 102  ,   254  ,   4 . ,   391  ,   27   [101].

1966 - «Fiji Electricity Authority», , . 1996 , - (. Viti Levu interconnected system), ( , «»). , , ,   ,   , [102].

2005 57 % [102], 2010 869  · [95]. 420  · , , 415  ·  , , 20  ·  [103]. , 48 % , 34 %  , 15 %  , 1 %  2 %  , [103].

, ( , )[102]. , 2007 . 2010 6,42  ,   20,7  [104][105]. 2011 «», [104].

[]

XX . , 1914 «Union Steamship Company» «Grand Pacific Hotel», . , 1940- , . , 1941 . « » 1960-  1970- , , [106].

  . , 45 . . , 25 % [107].

2010 632 . .[108]. 473 . . , 62 . .  /, 28 . .  , 12 . .  , 9 . .  [108]. (318 . .), (98 . .), (53 . .), (39 . .), (30 . .), (24 . .)[109].

, , , [110]. ( - ), ( , ) ( -, ). , ( , -), ( -). ( , ;   - )[111].

, , , , , , . , .   4 . 6 , . , [112].

[]

  3 , .   700 .

[]

: .

[]

.

[]

[]

2010 F$5  F$1,9 .   F$1,5 ,   F$3,5 [113]. . ( , ), ( ). , 2000- (, , ) ( ) [114].

, , , , , ;   , , , , , [5].

, 2010 , (15,7 %; : , , [115]), (14,6 %; , , , [116]), (6,1 %; , , [117]), (5,7 %; , , , , [118]), (5 %; , , , [119]).   (31,1 %; , : , , , , [120]), (19,1 %; , , , , [116]), (15,1 %; , , , , )[121], (8,6 %; , , , , [122])[5].

2009 , , F$662,8 . F$15 [123].

, .

[]

  , 1969 ( ). 5 5, 10, 20, 50 1 , 6 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 100 .

2010 , , F$1,54 ,   F$1,53 ,   F$1,4 [124].   , [125]. , , , [126][127].

2010 5  (ANZ, Bank of Baroda, Bank South Pacific, Westpac Colonial, BoB), 114  202 , 3  13 . , 2  , 8  , 4  329  [128].

(. Reserve Bank of Fiji), .

2010 1,75 %,   7,5 %[5].

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

  (rugby union -15), - (rugby league -13) -7. IRB

[]

  • 1   .
  •     - ( ).
  •     .
  •   ( ).
  •   .
  • 5   .
  • 10-13   ( 1970).
  • -  « » ().
  • 1   .
  • 11   .
  • 25-26  

[]

[]

[]

[]

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