()
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«» «» STS-125 |
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| : | , , |
| NSSDC ID: | 1990-037B |
| : | |
| : | , [1] |
| : | ~569 [1] |
| : | 9697 [1] |
| : | ~7500 /[1] |
| : | 8,169 /² |
| : | 24 1990 12:33:51 UTC[2] |
| : | |
| : | |
| : | 2014 [3][4] |
| : | 11 [5] |
| : | - [5] |
| : | 2,4 [6] |
| : |
4,3 ²[7] |
| : | 57,6 [5] |
| NICMOS: | /[8] |
| ACS: | [8] |
| WFPC3: | [8] |
| STIS: | /[8] |
| COS: | [8] |
| FGS: | [8] |
| : | http://www.nasa.gov/hubble http://hubble.nasa.gov http://hubblesite.org http://www.spacetelescope.org |
́ ́ «» (. Hubble Space Telescope, HST, , «250») , . «» [2][5][9]; [10].
, ; . , 710 , , [11].
|
|
[]
[] , ,
« » (. «Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen»), 1923 .
1946 « » (. Astronomical advantages of an extra-terrestrial observatory). . -, , ; 0,5 1,0 , 2,5 0,1 . -, , .[11][12]
. 1946 .[14] 1962 «», 1966 OAO-1.[15] - . 1968 OAO-2, 1972 , 1 .[16]
OAO , , 1968 - 3 . LST (. Large Space Telescope). 1972 . . « » [17].
[]
, . 1970 , , . , . , . 1974 , , , [18].
, 3 2,4 , . , , . , , 15 % .[19] 1978 36 ., . 1983 . 1980- .
[]
. , , . «-» (. Optical Telescope Assembly, OTA) . «» .[20]
[]
«-» . «» , (, «», [21]). 1979 , . , .
1981 , .[22] «-» . 1984 . 1981 , 75 25 .[23][24]
, «-» , , . , , « » 1985 . , , , . , , 1986 . 1,175 .[20]
[]
. . , , . Ƹ .[25]
, , «» . 1985 30 % , 3 . , , , , [20].
[]
1983 , . (. Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy) (AURA) , . 32 , . ; , .[26][27]
(. Goddard Space Flight Center), , , 48 . . - .[29]
[]
, . 6 . , .[30]
: , , .[30][31] , 1986 1990 .[32]
2,5 . 400 . , 1999 , 6 . 593 , .[34]
[] ,
:
- (. Wide Field and Planetary Camera). . 48 , . 8 -, , 4 . , , , .[35]
- (. Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph). . 2000, 20 000 100 000.[36]
- (. Faint Object Camera). . 0,05 .
- (. High Speed Photometer). , . . 10 . 2 %.[37]
- (. Fine Guidance Sensors), , . 0,2 12 .[38]
[]
. , , «» , . 1,0 0,1 , .[39][40]
, . , , , - , 1/20 , . 2 [41], , , , , , , , [42].
[]
, , 1,0139, 1,00229.[44][45] - (, ), «-», , .[46]
, , , , -, 1,3 . , . , , , .[47]
-, . . , , , - , , .[48]
[]
, , , 1993 . «» , , . , , , , , . , [50].
- . , , , , . . , , [51].
[] (COSTAR)
, , COSTAR , [52]. COSTAR , [53][54].
[]
[]
, . «» STS-61 213 1993 , . , .
, (WFPC2 (. Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2)) .[53][54] -, , «» . .[59]
[]
1121 1997 «» STS-82[61]. (.) (. Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, STIS) - (. Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer, NICMOS).
STIS 1151000 , .
[] (A)
3A («» STS-103) 1927 1999 , , . , . , . , . Intel 80486 . , , .[64]
[] (B)
3B ( ) 112 2002 , «» STS-109. (. Advanced Camera for Surveys) (ACS) , 1999 .[65]
. , , 30 % , , . , .[66]
. , ACS NICMOS, .
[]
(SM4) 1124 2009 , «» STS-125. , , , . .[67]
[]
2005 , «» 2003 , «». , , , - .[68][69]
, , 29 2004 (. Sean O'Keefe), , , .[70]
[]
, : (STIS) (ACS), STIS 2004 , ACS . . - .[72][73][74][75][76]
, «» : (.) (. Cosmic Origin Spectrograph, COS) COSTAR. , . WFC2 WFC3 (. Wide Field Camera 3), , [77].
[]
15 «» 1 22 . , , , . , , 80 . , , 50 [1]. 3900 , 4000 . , , , , , , , . 200 10 % , . 30 % 2 % , [78].
, , «», : , , , , , , 15 , 4- , 100 [79].
[]
- . 50 %, 10 %.[80]
- «» 9 1994 .
- [81] [82].
- [83], .
- , .[84]
- [85]. , .
- , , .[86][87]
- , , , , 13,7 .[88][89]
- - .[90]
- 1995 «» (Hubble Deep Field) , . , (Hubble Deep Field South), .[91][92]
- 2004 (Hubble Ultra Deep Field) 106 (11,3 ), . , , .[93]
[]
. , 69 [94].
. :
, 10 % « »[95]. , , . Hubble Deep Field Hubble Ultra Deep Field .
-.[96] , -. . , 1990 1997 13 , -. , - , .[97][98]
[]
, :
[] ,
[]
«» , , 2 3A . , (TDRSS (. TDRSS)), , .[101]
[]
, , , .
FITS, .[104] « » TIFF JPEG .[105]
[]
, , .[106]
, STSDAS ( , . Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System). , «». IRAF.[107]
[]
, , «».
« » (. The Hubble Heritage).[109] , . , . , .
2000 (. Office for Public Outreach).
1999 (.) (. Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre, HEIC), . , .[114]
[] «»
[]
[]
[]
[]
. (19932009 ) (COSTAR), 1993 . , , , COSTAR .
( ):
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1990) | |||||
| (1993) | 2 | COSTAR | |||
| (1997) | 2 | - | COSTAR | ||
| (B) (2002) | 2 | - | COSTAR | ||
| (2009) | 3 | - |
, .
[] .
[]
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[]
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| «» ? | |
| «» |
- NASA «» (.)
- (.)
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- Hubble Heritage (.)
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| (ACS) · (STIS) · (FGS) · - (NICMOS) · (COS) · 3 (WFC3) | |
| COSTAR · (FOC) · (FOS) · (GHRS/HRS) · (HSP) · (WFPC) · 2 (WFPC2) | |
| : STS-31 1990 · : STS-61 1993 · STS-82 1997 · STS-103 1999 · STS-109 2002 · STS-125 2009 | |
| Hubble Deep Field 1995 · Hubble Deep Field South 1998 · Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2003-4 · Extended Groth Strip 2004-5 · Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey | |
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