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Halloween
Hallowe'en
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  1. 1 2 BBC - Religions - Christianity: All Hallows' Eve. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (2010).  «All Hallows' Eve falls on 31st October each year, and is the day before All Hallows' Day, also known as All Saints' Day in the Christian calendar. The Church traditionally held a vigil on All Hallows' Eve when worshippers would prepare themselves with prayers and fasting prior to the feast day itself. The name derives from the Old English 'hallowed' meaning holy or sanctified and is now usually contracted to the more familiar word Hallowe'en.»  20 2012. 1 2011.
  2. Anne E. Kitch The Anglican Family Prayer Book. Church Publishing, Inc. (2004).  «All Hallow's Eve, which later became known as Halloween, is celebrated on the night before All Saints' Day, November 1. Use this simple prayer service in conjunction with Halloween festivities to mark the Christian roots of this festival.»  31 2011.
  3. The Book of Occasional Services 2003. Church Publishing, Inc. (2004).  «Service for All Hallows' Eve: This service may be used on the evening of October 31, known as All Hallows' Eve. Suitable festivities and entertainments may take place before or after this service, and a visit may be made to a cemetery or burial place.»  31 2011.
  4. The Paulist Liturgy Planning Guide. Paulist Press (2006).  «Rather than comete, liturgy planners would do well to consider ways of including children in the celebration of these vigil Masses. For example, children might be encouraged to wear Halloween costumes representing their patron saint or their favorite saint, clearly adding a new level of meaning to the Halloween celebrations and the celebration of All Saints' Day.»  31 2011.
  5. 1 2 Merriam-Webster's Encyclopædia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster (1999).  «Halloween, also called All Hallows' Eve, holy or hallowed evening observed on October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day. The pre-Christian observances influenced the Christian festival of All Hallows' Eve, celebrated on the same date.»  31 2011.
  6. Nicholas Rogers Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press (2002).  «Halloween and the Day of the Dead share a common origin in the Christian commemoration of the dead on All Saints' and All Souls' Day. But both are thought to embody strong pre-Christian beliefs. In the case of Halloween, the Celtic celebration of Samhain is critical to its pagan legacy, a claim that has been foregrounded in recent years by both new-age enthusiasts and the evangelical Right.»  31 2011.
  7. Austrian information (1965).  «The feasts of Hallowe'en, or All Hallows Eve and the devotions to the dead on All Saints' and All Souls' Day are both mixtures of old Celtic, Druid and other heathen customs intertwined with Christian practice.»  31 2011.
  8. 1 2 The Oxford English Dictionary.  2nd.  Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989.  ISBN 0-19-861186-2
  9. 1 2 Rogers, Nicholas (2002). «Samhain and the Celtic Origins of Halloween». Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, pp. 1121. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-19-516896-8.
  10. Hutton, Ronald. Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain.  Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.  . 361.  ISBN 0-19-288045-4
  11. Salomonsen, Jone (2002). Enchanted Feminism: Ritual, Gender and Divinity Among the Reclaiming Witches of San Francisco, p.190. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22392-X.
  12. Ellwood, Robert S; McGraw, Barabara A. (1999). Many Peoples, Many Faiths: Women and Men in The World Religions, p. 31. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-010735-2
  13. 1 2 HUTTON, RONALD, The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996)
  14. Simpson John Oxford English Dictionary.  second.  London: Oxford University Press, 1989.  ISBN 0-19-861186-2
  15. ODriscoll, Robert (ed.) (1981) The Celtic Consciousness New York, Braziller ISBN 0-8076-1136-0 pp. 197216: Ross, Anne «Material Culture, Myth and Folk Memory» (on modern survivals); pp.217-242: Danaher, Kevin «Irish Folk Tradition and the Celtic Calendar» (on specific customs and rituals)
  16. 1 2 McNeill, F. Marian (1961, 1990) The Silver Bough, Vol. 3. William MacLellan, Glasgow ISBN 0-948474-04-1 pp. 1146
  17. 1 2 Bannatyne, Lesley Pratt (1998) Forerunners to Halloween Pelican Publishing Company. ISBN 1-56554-346-7 p. 44
  18. Rogers, Nicholas. (2002) «Festive Rights:Halloween in the British Isles». Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. pp.43, p.48. Oxford University Press.
  19. 1 2 Rogers, Nicholas (2002). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, pp. 29, 57. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516896-8.
  20. 1 2 3 4 The Oxford companion to American food and drink p.269. Oxford University Press, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2011
  21. Frank Leslie's popular monthly, Volume 40, November 1895, p. 540543. Books.google.com (5  2009). 23 2011.
  22. Nathaniel Hawthorne, «The Great Carbuncle» in «Twice-Told Tales», 1837: Hide it [the great carbuncle] under thy cloak, sayst thou? Why, it will gleam through the holes, and make thee look like a jack-o'-lantern!
  23. As late as 1900, an article on Thanksgiving entertaining recommended a lit jack-o'-lantern as part of the festivities. «The Day We Celebrate: Thanksgiving Treated Gastronomically and Socially», The New York Times, November 24, 1895, p. 27. «Odd Ornaments for Table», The New York Times, October 21, 1900, p. 12.
  24. Simpson, Jacqueline All Saints' Day in Encyclopedia of Death and Dying, Howarth, G and Leeman, O (2001)London Routledge ISBN 0-415-18825-3, p.14 Halloween is closely associated in folklore with death and the supernatural.
  25. Arnold, Bettina Bettina Arnold  Halloween Lecture: Halloween Customs in the Celtic World. Halloween Inaugural Celebration. University of WisconsinMilwaukee: Center for Celtic Studies (31  2001). 16 2007.
  26. They continue to be popular choices today as carved lanterns in Scotland and Northern Ireland, although the British purchased a million pumpkins for Halloween in 2004. «Pumpkins Passions», BBC, 31 October 2005. Retrieved on 19 October 2006. «Turnip battles with pumpkin for Halloween», BBC, 28 October 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2007.
  27. Nathaniel Hawthorne, «The Great Carbuncle», in Twice-Told Tales, 1837:Hide it [the great carbuncle] under thy cloak, sayst thou? Why, it will gleam through the holes, and make thee look like a jack-o'-lantern!
  28. Daily News (Kingston, Ontario), November 1, 1866: The old time custom of keeping up Halloween was not forgotten last night by the youngsters of the city. They had their maskings and their merry-makings, and perambulated the streets after dark in a way which was no doubt amusing to themselves. There was a great sacrifice of pumpkins from which to make transparent heads and face, lighted up by the unfailing two inches of tallow candle. Agnes Carr Sage, «Halloween Sports and Customs», Harper's Young People, October 27, 1885, p. 828:
    It is an ancient Scottish custom to light great bonfires on Halloween, and carry blazing fagots about on long poles; but in place of this American boys delight in the funny grinning jack-o'-lanterns made of huge yellow pumpkins with a candle inside.
  29. «The Day We Celebrate: Thanksgiving Treated Gastronomically and Socially», The New York Times, November 24, 1895, p. 27. «Odd Ornaments for Table», The New York Times, October 21, 1900, p. 12.
  30. Whittier, John Greenleaf. «The Pumpkin»
  31. Learn more about "Monster Mash" -- Monster Mash song trivia and information -- All about "Monster Mash". 20 2012. 11 2010.Sound effects used on Monster Mash
  32. Nagy, Evie. Manson, Fiona, Fall Out Boy Revisit 'Nightmare', 'Billboard' (11  2006). 4 2008.
  33. Montgomery, James. Fall Out Boy, Panic, Marilyn Manson Add To New 'Nightmare Before Christmas' Soundtrack, MTV (28  2008). 4 2008.
  34. Visual kei bands to take on Disney songs for V-ROCK Disney!. tokyohive.com. 20 2012. 16 2011.
  35. 1 2 Cover story on Midnight Syndicate Leonard Pickel, «Midnight Syndicate: Setting the Mood for an Industry», Haunted Attraction Magazine (Charlotte, NC), June 2006, Pg. 2428, 3841
  36. Heather Adler, «Haunted Harmonies», Rue Morgue (Toronto, ON), Issue 50, Pg. 131
  37. Scream Kings Jason Bracelin, Scene Magazine (Cleveland, OH), May 25, 2005, Pg. 1013.
  38. Trevor Tuminski, «Hymns from the House of Horror», Rue Morgue (Toronto, ON), Issue 100, Pg.49.
  39. Best Halloween Music CDs Sara Anderson, AOL Radio Blog
  40. John Horton, «Scary Music Writers Accomplish Their Ghouls», The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH), October 17, 2006, Sec. A, Pg. A1.
  41. "Scary Tales: Once Upon A Nightmare." Universal Studios's 2008 Haunted Attraction, Halloween season 2008, <http://www.halloweenhorrornights.com/orlando/scary_tales.html>. 15 2008. 
  42. Koster, Rick (October 7, 2008), "Nox Arcana", The Day (New London, CT.), <http://theday.com>. 12 2008. 
  43. Teresenza, Serena (October 2008), "Interview with Joseph Vargo", Gothic Gateways, <http://www.monolithgraphics.com/interviews/gateways.html>. 26 2009. 
  44. Halloween Kid's Party Music Ideas. eHOW.com (February 24, 2011). 20 2012.
  45. «Halloween», 2008, p. 6364.
  46. 1 2 Addis, November 1895, p. 540543.
  47. Dunwich, 2007, p. 17.
  48. Rogers, Nicholas. (2002) «Festive Rights:Halloween in the British Isles». Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. p.48. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514691-3
  49. Shellenbarger, Sue. «Saying Boo to Halloween». Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  50. Grannis, Kathy; Scott Krugman As Halloween Shifts to Seasonal Celebration, Retailers Not Spooked by Surge in Spending. National Retail Federation (September 20, 2006). 27 2006. 31 2006.
  51. Halloween - Retail Horror Story?, Orlando Sentinel (October 29, 2009).
  52. Rook, Dennis W. (Dec 1985). «The Ritual Dimension of Consumer Behavior». Journal of Consumer Research (Univ. of Chicago Press) 12 (3): 251264. Accessed November 14, 2010.
  53. "Halloween, " 2008, p. 6364.
  54. Rogers Nicholas Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Nightkl.  Oxford University Press, 2001.  P. 2830.  ISBN 0-19-514691-3
  55. «Ask Anne», Washington Post, Nov. 21, 1948, p. S11.
  56. Act 2, Scene 1.
  57. 1 2 Stuart Christie (2002) The cultural and political formation of a west of Scotland «baby-boomer», Volume 1 Retrieved 2010-11-11
  58. "Halloween Pranks Keep Police on Hop, " Oregon Journal (Portland, Oregon), November 1, 1934:

    Other young goblins and ghosts, employing modern shakedown methods, successfully worked the «trick or treat» system in all parts of the city.

    «The Gangsters of Tomorrow», The Helena Independent (Helena, Montana), November 2, 1934, p. 4:

    Pretty Boy John Doe rang the door bells and his gang waited his signal. It was his plan to proceed cautiously at first and give a citizen every opportunity to comply with his demands before pulling any rough stuff. «Madam, we are here for the usual purpose, 'trick or treat.'» This is the old demand of the little people who go out to have some innocent fun. Many women have some apples, cookies or doughnuts for them, but they call rather early and the «treat» is given out gladly.

    The Chicago Tribune also mentioned door-to-door begging in Aurora, Illinois on Halloween in 1934, although not by the term «trick-or-treating.» «Front Views and Profiles» (column), Chicago Tribune, Nov. 3, 1934, p. 17.
  59. Doris Hudson Moss, «A Victim of the Window-Soaping Brigade?» The American Home, November 1939, p. 48. Moss was a California-based writer.
  60. «One Lump Please», Time, March 30, 1942. «Decontrolled», Time, June 23, 1947.
  61. Sean Coughlan, «The Japanese knotweed of festivals», BBC News Magazine, 31 October 2007.
  62. Urban Legends Reference Pages: Bloody Mary. Snopes. 20 2012.
  63. Bloody Mary, Mary Worth and other variants of a modern legend. MythologyWeb.( )
  64. Hutton Ronald Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain.  Oxford University Press, 2001.  ISBN 0-19-285448-8
  65. 1 2 Associated Press Haunted house business getting frightfully hard. MSNBC.com. MSNBC (30  2005). 20 2012. 18 2008.
  66. Haunted House (1915). Hollycombe Working Steam Museum.( ) 29 2011.
  67. Greg Ryan A Model of Mayhem. Hudson Valley Magazine (17  2008). 20 2012. 6 2008.
  68. Wilson, Craig Haunted houses get really scary. USAToday.com (12  2006). 20 2012.
  69. Fire Departments Clamp Down On Unsprinklered Haunts!, HauntedAttraction.com, August 5, 2007, accessed November 2, 2007 at 01:25
  70. Rogers, Nicholas (2002). «Razor in the Apple: Struggle for Safe and Sane Halloween, c. 19201990,» Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, pp. 78-102. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516896-8.
  71. Urban Legends Reference Pages: Pins and Needles in Halloween Candy. Snopes.com. 20 2012. 31 2008.
  72. Nixon, Robin Poisoned Halloween Candy: Trick, Treat or Myth? LiveScience. LiveScience.com (October 27, 2010). 20 2012. 23 2011.
  73. Unwrapped Bulk Candy Ingredients. rites.com. 20 2012. 4 2009.
  74. TLC Cooking "What is Candy Corn and How is it Made?". howstuffworks.com. 15 2009.
  75. Flanigan, Kathy. Pieces of Autumn Raking Up A Pile of Ideas for the Season, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (September 21, 2001), . 16. 29 2008.
  76. Blachford Stacey L. "Candy Corn." How Products are Made.
  77. Sulon, Bill. Area Retailers Start Early with Seasonal Candy Displays, The Patriot-News (August 13, 2000). 29 2008.
  78. BarmBrak Bread, a Halloween Tradition of Irish Origin (October 27, 2010). 20 2012.
  79. Halloween fire calls 'every 90 seconds' UTV News Retrieved 22 November 2010
  80. McCann, Chris Halloween firework injuries are on the increase. Belfast Telegraph (28 October 2010). 20 2012. 22 2010.
  81. Rogers, Nicholas (2002). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, p.164. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516896-8.
  82. 今手を厳せよ！ィでＲ, 経 (31  2008). 31 2011.
  83. カサキィ特, 時 (31  2009). 1 2011.
  84. Bishop Challenges Supermarkets to Lighten up Halloween. The Church of England. 20 2012. 28 2009.
  85. Halloween and All Saints Day. newadvent.org (n.d.). 20 2012. 22 2006.
  86. Reformation Day. 20 2012. 22 2009.
  87. Reformation Day: What, Why, and Resources for Worship. The General Board of Discipleship of The United Methodist Church (21  2005). 23 2007. 22 2006.
  88. Gyles Brandreth, «The Devil is gaining ground» Sunday Telegraph (London), March 11, 2000.
  89. 1 2 Salem 'Saint Fest' restores Christian message to Halloween. www.rcab.org (n.d.). 29 2006. 22 2006.
  90. Feast of Samhain/Celtic New Year/Celebration of All Celtic Saints November 1. All Saints Parish (n.d.). 20 2012. 22 2006.
  91. Halloweens Christian Roots AmericanCatholic.org. Retrieved on October 24, 2007.
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  93. "Trick?" or "Treat?"Unmasking Halloween. The Restored Church of God (n.d.). 20 2012. 21 2007.
  94. Jeffry Victor. Satanic panic: the creation of a contemporary legend.  Open Court Publishing, 1993.  P. 2.  408 p.  ISBN 081269192X
  95. Jack Santino. Halloween and other festivals of death and life.  Univ. of Tennessee Press, 1994.  P. 41.  280 p.  ISBN 0870498134
  96. . : .
  97. .
  98. . hallo-ween.ru. 20 2012.
  99. Russian Orthodox Church harshly condemns Halloween for its cult of death () (1  2007). 1 2011.
  100. 1 2 A to Z of Halloween. The Limerick Leader (29  2009).( ) 29 2009.
  101. Wicca for beginners: fundamentals of philosophy & practice. Llewellyn Worldwide (2006 ).
  102. Higgins, Mike. Videowatch, The Independent (23  1998), . 10.
  103. Clark, Laine. Steve Irwin mocked in South Park cartoon, 'News.com.au' (27  2006). 9 2009. ( )
  104. Staff. Crikey! South Park mocks Irwin, 'Metro' (26  2006). 9 2009.
  105. Collins, Glen. Stingray Attack Kills Australias Crocodile Hunter, 'The New York Times' (4  2006). 9 2009.
  106. Mirkin, David. The Simpsons season 6 DVD commentary for the episode "Treehouse of Horror VI" [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
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  109. Interview TV-Musicbox, 1987
  110. John Carpenter to Receive Lifetime Achievement Award from the Freak Show Horror Film. DreadCentral. 20 2012.
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[]

  • Diane C. Arkins, Halloween: Romantic Art and Customs of Yesteryear, Pelican Publishing Company (2000). 96 pages. ISBN 1-56554-712-8
  • Diane C. Arkins, Halloween Merrymaking: An Illustrated Celebration Of Fun, Food, And Frolics From Halloweens Past, Pelican Publishing Company (2004). 112 pages. ISBN 1-58980-113-X
  • Lesley Bannatyne, Halloween: An American Holiday, An American History, Facts on File (1990, Pelican Publishing Company, 1998). 180 pages. ISBN 1-56554-346-7
  • Lesley Bannatyne, A Halloween Reader. Stories, Poems and Plays from Halloweens Past, Pelican Publishing Company (2004). 272 pages. ISBN 1-58980-176-8
  • Phyllis Galembo, Dressed for Thrills: 100 Years of Halloween Costumes and Masquerade, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (2002). 128 pages. ISBN 0-8109-3291-1
  • Editha Hörandner (ed.), Halloween in der Steiermark und anderswo, Volkskunde (Münster in Westfalen), LIT Verlag Münster (2005). 308 pages. ISBN 3-8258-8889-4
  • Lisa Morton, The Halloween Encyclopedia, McFarland & Company (2003). 240 pages. ISBN 0-7864-1524-X
  • Nicholas Rogers, Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, Oxford University Press, USA (2002). ISBN 0-19-514691-3
  • Jack Santino (ed.), Halloween and Other Festivals of Death and Life, University of Tennessee Press (1994). 280 pages. ISBN 0-87049-813-4
  • Addis, M.E. Leicester. «Allhallowtide.» Frank Leslies Popular Monthly. 40:5 (November 1895).
  • Dunwich, Gerina. A Witchs Halloween. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media, 2007.
  • «Halloween.» In Encyclopedia of the End: Mysterious Death in Fact, Fancy, Folklore, and More. Deborah Noyes, ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2008.
  • Lherm, Adrien. «Halloween  A 'Reinvented' Holiday.» In Celebrating Ethnicity and Nation: American Festive Culture From the Revolution to the Early Twentieth Century. Geneviève Fabre, ed. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001.
  • Northrup, Lesley A. Women and Religious Ritual. Washington, D.C.: Pastoral Press, 1993.
  • Rogers, Nicholas. Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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