( .-. cifra . صفر (ṣifr) «, »)
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(+) (). , , . (1, 2, 3...),
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(14871567) « » (1544), (14451500).
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| : | a + b | a × b |
| : | a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c | a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c |
| : | a + b = b + a | a × b = b × a |
| : | a + 0 = a | a × 1 = a |
| : | a + (a) = 0 | a ≠ ±1 1/a |
| : | a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c) | |
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1 + 1 + 1 (1) + (1) + + (1). ,
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- < 2 < 1 < 0 < 1 < 2 <
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- a < b c < d, a + c < b + d.
- a < b 0 < c, ac < bc. ( , c < 0, ac > bc.)
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