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: ,
\scriptstyle{\approx\mathbf{M}1}. , -   , « ». , . .

́ ́ (\mathbf{M}   .   (. E. Mach).

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\mathbf{M}=\frac{v}{a},

v  , a  ,

: , ( ) :

\frac{d\rho}{\rho}\sim\frac{dp}{p},

dp\sim\rho v^2, :

\frac{d\rho}{\rho}\sim\frac{dp}{p}\sim\frac{\rho v^2}{p}.

a\sim\sqrt{p/\rho}, :

\frac{d\rho}{\rho}\sim\frac{v^2}{a^2}=\mathbf{M}^2.

:

\lambda=\frac{v}{v_K}=\sqrt{\frac{\gamma+1}{2}}\mathbf{M}\left(1+\frac{\gamma-1}{2}\mathbf{M}^2\right)^{-1/2}

\Lambda=\frac{v}{v_\max}=\sqrt{\frac{\gamma-1}{2}}\mathbf{M}\left(1+\frac{\gamma-1}{2}\mathbf{M}^2\right)^{-1/2},

v_K  ,

v_\max  ,
\gamma=\frac{c_p}{c_v}  .

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  • // . .: , 1988.