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1927

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1927
Shanghai massacre 1927 2.jpg
12 1927
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1927 , 12 , 12 1927 .

- « » (清黨), « 1927 » [1], « 12 » (四反命变) « 12 » (四慘). . . , . 15 1927 .

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1927 . 3 1927 , .   , , , , . , . , .[2] , , .

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, , . 1927 , . , 寧裂, : « » . , . , , , , .

1928 , .   .[3]

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  1. Zhao, Suisheng. [2004] (2004). A Nation-state by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804750017.
  2. Elizabeth J. Perry (April 11, 2003). «The Fate of Revolutionary Militias in China» (Hobart and William Smith Colleges). 2006-11-25.
  3. Patricia Stranahan (1994). «The Shanghai Labor Movement, 1927-1931» (East Asian Working Paper Series on Language and Politics in Modern China). 2006-11-25.