|
|||||||||||||||||||
́ ( . شيعة ; [ӣ] «, , ») , , [1]. , - («-12»), ( ) , .
|
|
[]
, . , , , , . , . , , () , , -, . , , .
, . , , , , . - .
. , , , . ( 85 [6] % ).
[]
, - () . - (, , , , -, ), (-, ) : ( ), [7].
( ) . , . : (-, ) (, , .)[8]. , 70- XX .
[] - ()
1501 I , () [9]. , (. , )[10]. , . 12 , « , 12 ...»[11].
[]
- ( 661) , , , .
- ( 669) .
- ( 680) , I.
- -- ( 713)
- - ( 733)
- - ( 765) .
- - ( 799)
- - ( ), ( 818)
- - ( 835)
- - ( 865)
- - - ( 873)
- - () 12- . , . , -, .
[]
:
- ().
- ()
- ().
- ( 12 ).
- ().[12]
( ) ().[13]
[]
. () -, -, , [14].
X .
1094 - , -. - , ( ), - [14]. , 1256 -. , (- ). , .
, , XVII , [15]. ( ), , , [16].
XVIII .
- ( ).
[]
(. 1017 .), , - (, )[15]. , , ... 1949 - , [15].
[]
: , , , , [17].
[]
VIII . , , () [18]. , « », «» ...
[] -
[]
, VII . -, , . - - , - , - . : , , . IX .
[]
[]
. - -.
-- -, - , (), - () .
. 20 1802 , , , , , [19]. 1925 ( ) - [20]. 2006 ( -) , [21]
[] .
[]
- . . .: «», , 1991. 315 . ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .298.
- Shīʿite. Encyclopædia Britannica Online (2010). 28 2012. 25 2010.
- Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population. Pew Research Center (October 7, 2009). 28 2012. 25 2010.
- Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population. Pew Research Center, 2009.
- Religions. CIA. The World Factbook (2010). 25 2010.
- Religion. Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Presidential Library. 22 2011. .
- (.), .
- John Malcolm Wagstaff. The evolution of middle eastern landscapes: an outline to A.D. 1840. Taylor & Francis, 1985. . 50. . 205. ISBN 0856648124, 9780856648120
(.)
After several false starts and the virtual elimination of the Safavid family itself, the Safavids were able to defeat the Ak-Koyünlu in 1501, take over their capital of Tabriz and dominate Azerbaijan. One of the first acts of the victor, Shah Ismail I (1501-24), was to declare the 'Twelver' form of Shiism to be the state religion, despite the predominance of Sunni Muslims in the newly acquired territory. A conversion campaign was launched.
- .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . XVIII . .: - , 1958. . 252.
- : 3 . : , 2010. . 1: . . 243. ISBN 978-5-91768-124-5, 978-5-91768-125-2
- « » .12 -
- « » , « » .
- 1 2 (.), .
- 1 2 3 . . -, 2007. . 200. ISBN 978-5-8183-1080-0
- : . , 1991. . 111. ISBN 5-02-016941-2
- . . -, 2007. . 39. ISBN 978-5-8183-1080-0
- . . -, 2007. . 95. ISBN 978-5-8183-1080-0
- .. . .: , 2008. . 442. ISBN 978-5-02-036375-5
- Laurence Louėr. Transnational Shia Politics: Religious and Political Networks in the Gulf. Columbia University Press, 2009. . 22. ISBN 0231700407, 9780231700405
(.)
The Ikhwan, a corps of Bedouin warriors of the faith which had been constituted as a result of Ibn Sa'ud's effort to pacify the nomads, forced the conversion of Shias to true Islam and destroyed many of their holy places, including the tombs of Imams in the Baqi cemetry (1925).
- -. (.), "" (27.02.2006).
[]
 |
. , . |
