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| Erwin Schrödinger | |
1933 |
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́ ́ ́ ́ ́ (. Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger; : [ˈɛrviːn ˈʃrøːdɪŋɐ]; 12 1887, 4 1961, ) -, . (1933). , (1934).
, : ( ), , , . ; ( « » ). , : , , , , ; . « ?» , . , , .
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[] (18871910)
. , , , - - . , , , - (. k. k. Technischen Hochschule). . , 1898 (. Öffentliches Academisches Gymnasium), . , . , . , . ; , [1][2].
, 1906 , . (.)., . (. Friedrich Hasenöhrl), . , . , . (, , ) (. Egon Schweidler) . 20 1910 , , [1].
[] (19111921)
1911 , , . , , . 1913 -, , ( , « » ), 1914 (). [3]. - : (Raibl), , (Prosecco) . 1917 -. , [4].
1918 , . - , . , , . 1919 , (. Max Wien), , . 1920 ( ). : ( ). . , , , . . , , [3].
[] (19211933)
1921 . , , , , , , , [5]. , , 19211922 ; , [6]. , . , [7].
, , , . , , 1 1927 . , , , . , , , , , . , , « »[8].
[] (19331939)
, , « , »[8]. 1933 , . , , . , , , , . , , : « , ». (. Frederick Lindemann; ), , . , 1933 [9]. , ( ) « »[10]. , , :
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(. Magdalen College), , , Imperial Chemical Industry. . , , , , . , , , , , , . , . , . , 1936 - . , 1936 [11].
: 1938 , . « » , 30 Tagespost [12]. , : ; 1938 . , , ( , ). - , , . , , . 1938 , , . , , (. Fondation Francqui). . , ( , ), 7 1939 [9][13].
[] (19391961)
(. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies) 1940 . , (School of Theoretical Physics), (chairman) [13]. , , (. Jánossy Lajos) , , . , , , . , , , [14]. 19401945 1949 1956 , [13].
, , [14]. . 1956 . , , . , , . , . . 4 1961 [15].
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1920 (Annemarie Bertel) , 1913 , [3]. , « ». , (. Paul Peter Ewald) . , , , ( 1925 , ). , . , (Hilde March), (. Arthur March), , « ». 1933 , , , ; 1934 , (Ruth Georgine March). . , , . . 1940- , [16].
, . ( «» , , , ), , ( 1949 ), [17].
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[]
, , , , . , , , [3]. 1912 « » (Handbuch der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus) «», . , , 1913 , [18]. 1920 (Haitinger-Preis) [3]. , 1914 , -, - . (. Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Kohlrausch)[4]. 1919 ( , ) [19].
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, , . , . , Annalen der Physik 1920 . , , . ( ), (, ). - . (, ), . , , , ( ) . , [3][20].
( , ), (MüllerPouillet Lehrbuch der Physik). , . , ( , ) (, , ), . , , . 1920- , , , , [3][20].
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, , , [21]. (1912) . , , , . , ( ) [22]. 1912 , , . , 1914 , ( ) . . , , , [23].
, [24]. , , 1920- . , 1921 ( ), . , ( , ). , , () . 1924 , ( ) . , [25]. 1925 , , , . , , , [26]. « » [27].
. , , [28]. « » (1946), , , ( , - , )[29]. , , ( , , , )[30].
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[]
, , , , . , . , , [3]. , , , :
. , , , . . Ÿ , , , . , - , , , .
. // . . . .: , 1976. . 339.
1920- , , . 1921 , . . 1922 , . , , , , [31][32]. , . , . , 1924 , , (, )[33]. , , [34][35].
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1925 , , , . , . , , , . . : . , , , ( ). , , [7][36].
1926 Annalen der Physik « ». ( 27 1926 ), - , , () , . , « : , , ». , , , . ( 23 1926 ) , . - , . , « , , , , ». , , , [37].
( 10 1926 ) « » (Wellenmechanik) . , , , , . . ( 21 1926 ) , (́) , . , [38]. , ( )[39].
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, , . , , . , , [40]. , : «, , , , »[41]. , . « », Annalen der Physik 18 1926 . , , , . (. Carl Eckart) [40].
, [42]. (. Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft) 1926 , , 1926 1927 . 57 [43].
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. . , , , , . , , . [32][38]. , , , , , . : , . , [44][45].
, , , , . , 1926 [46]. , , :
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, , , 1927 . [7]. , , , , « [ ] , »[47].
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. 1926 [48], . , - . , , , ( , ). , , . 1930 (). , , (Zitterbewegung) . , . 19401941 ( ) . [39].
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1920- , , . , 1935 () . ( 19 1935 ), , 12 Naturwissenschaften, , « ». , , , («» ). , , « [ ] ». , , . , , . (, ) , « , , , ». - (. Verschränkung, . Entanglement). , . , . , , [49][50].
1927 , . , , . 1952 « ?» , [39]. , , :
, , , . , , , . , .
. . // . . . .: - . -, 1963. . 255, 265.
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() , , . ( ) 1918 [3], [51]. 1930- , -. . , , [14]. 1950- «- » (1950) « » (1956).
. , 1935 , . , (1912), (1934), , . [52]. 1943 , . , , , , , . , . , . 1947 , . , , , , , . , , , «» . , , , . , , 1950- . (Otto Hittmair), , « »[53].
[] « ?»
, . , , . [54]:
, , , , .
(.)It is accordingly justified, in my opinion, to say that Schrödinger, by formulating his wave equation, is basically responsible for modern biology.
« ?» (1944), , - 1943 . -, , 1935 (. Paul Peter Ewald) 1940- . , - . , . , . (, ) [55].
« ?» , , . . (, ), , , , , [55]. , , . , , , [54]. , , . , , , , « » [55].
, , ( ) ( ). , , , ; , , - ( ) . , , ( ). , , « », , [55][56]. , : , , , [55]. « ?» , , , [55]:
[] , , , , , , . , , , .
(.)a close study of his book and of the related literature has shown me that what was true in his book was not original, and most of what was original was known not to be true even when the book was written. Moreover, the book ignores some crucial discoveries that were published before it went into print.
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1960 :
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. - , « » (1952), « » (1954), « » (1958) « », , . , , [15]. :
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, , , ; . , , , , [15]. [57][58][59]. [21], [15]:
, , , . ( ) , , .
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- , (Vallis Schrödinger) (13092 Schrödinger).
- .
- 1983 1000 . .
- (Schrödingerplatz), (Erwin-Schrödinger-Zentrum), 1993 (Erwin-Schrödinger-Institut für Mathematische Physik).
- 1956 (Erwin Schrödinger-Preis), . (World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists) « -, »[60].
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- E. Schrödinger. Statistical Thermodynamics. Cambridge: University Press, 1946. : . . . : , 1999.
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- E. Schrödinger. Science and Humanism. Cambridge: University Press, 1952. : . . . : , 2001.
- E. Schrödinger. Nature and the Greeks. Cambridge: University Press, 1954. : . . . : , 2001.
- E. Schrödinger. Expanding Universes. Cambridge: University Press, 1956. : . . - . .: , 1986.
- E. Schrödinger. Mind and Matter. Cambridge: University Press, 1958. : . . . : , 2000.
- E. Schrödinger. Meine Weltansicht. Wien, 1961. : . . . .: , 2009.
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- E. Schrödinger. Studien über Kinetik der Dielektrika, den Schmelzpunkt, Pyround Piezoelektrizität // Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften der Wien. 1912. Vol. 121. P. 19371973.
- E. Schrödinger. Über die Schärfe der mit Röntgenstrahlen erzeugten Interferenzbilder // Physikalische Zeitschrift. 1914. Vol. 15. P. 7986.
- E. Schrödinger. Grundlinien einer Theorie der Farbenmetrik im Tagessehen (Erste Mitteilung) // Annalen der Physik. 1920. Vol. 368 (63). P. 397426.
- E. Schrödinger. Grundlinien einer Theorie der Farbenmetrik im Tagessehen (Zweite Mitteilung) // Annalen der Physik. 1920. Vol. 368 (63). P. 427456.
- E. Schrödinger. Grundlinien einer Theorie der Farbenmetrik im Tagessehen (Dritte Mitteilung) // Annalen der Physik. 1920. Vol. 368 (63). P. 481520.
- E. Schrödinger. Über eine bemerkenswerte Eigenschaft der Quantenbahnen eines einzelnen Elektrons // Zeitschrift für Physik. 1922. Vol. 12. P. 1323.
- E. Schrödinger. Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem (Erste Mitteilung) // Annalen der Physik. 1926. Vol. 384 (79). P. 361376. : . . ( ) // . 1977. . 122. . 621632.
- E. Schrödinger. Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem (Zweite Mitteilung) // Annalen der Physik. 1926. Vol. 384 (79). P. 489527.
- E. Schrödinger. Über das Verhältnis der Heisenberg-Born-Jordanschen Quantenmechanik zu der meinem // Annalen der Physik. 1926. Vol. 384 (79). P. 734756.
- E. Schrödinger. Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem (Dritte Mitteilung) // Annalen der Physik. 1926. Vol. 385 (80). P. 437490.
- E. Schrödinger. Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem (Vierte Mitteilung) // Annalen der Physik. 1926. Vol. 386 (81). P. 109139.
- E. Schrödinger. Über die Kraftfreie Bewegung in der relativistischen Quantenmechanik // Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1930. P. 418428.
- E. Schrödinger. Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik // Naturwissenschaften. 1935. Vol. 23. P. 807812, 823828, 844849.
- E. Schrödinger. The proper vibrations of the expanding Universe // Physica. 1939. Vol. 6. P. 899912.
- E. Schrödinger. The final affine field laws // Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy A. 1947. Vol. 51. P. 163179.
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- M. Bitbol. Schrödinger's philosophy of quantum mechanics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
- World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists (.). WATOC. 18 2011. 6 2011.
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[]
- W. T. Scott. Erwin Schrödinger: an introduction to his writings. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1967.
- M. Jammer. The philosophy of quantum mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
- . . . .: , 1985.
- . . . .: , 1987.
- Schrödinger: Centenary Celebration of a Polymath / ed. C. W. Kilmister. Cambridge: University Press, 1989.
- W. J. Moore. Schrödinger: Life and Thought. Cambridge: University Press, 1989.
- Erwin Schrödinger: Phylosophy and the Birth of Quantum Mechanics / ed. M. Bitbol, O. Darrigol. Editions Frontiers, 1992.
- Erwin Schrödinger's world view: the dynamics of knowledge and reality / ed. J. Götschl. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.
- W. J. Moore. A Life of Erwin Schrödinger. Cambridge: University Press, 1994.
- M. Bitbol. Schrödinger's philosophy of quantum mechanics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
[]
- W. Heitler. Erwin Schrödinger // Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society. 1961. Vol. 7. P. 221228.
- . . . // . . . .: , 1976. . 347392.
- // . . . : . .: , 1983. . 302.
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- // : . .: , 1992.
- D. B. McLay. Lise Meitner and Erwin Schrödinger: Biographies of Two Austrian Physicists of Nobel Stature // Minerva. 1999. Vol. 37. P. 7594.
- J. Mehra. Erwin Schrödinger and the Rise of Wave Mechanics (in three parts) // J. Mehra. The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics. Singapore: World Scientific, 2001. P. 706871.
- J. Mehra. The Einstein Bohr debate on the completion of quantum mechanics and its description of reality // J. Mehra. The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics. Singapore: World Scientific, 2001. P. 12741318.
- A. T. Domondon. Bringing physics to bear on the phenomenon of life: the divergent positions of Bohr, Delbrück, and Schrödinger // Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C. 2006. Vol. 37. P. 433458.
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| , ? |
- Erwin Schrödinger (.). . Nobelprize.org. 18 2011. 25 2011.
- J. J. O'Connor, E. F. Robertson. Erwin Schrödinger (.). MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews. 18 2011. 25 2011.
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| (19011925) | (19261950) | (19511975) | (19762000) | (20012025) |
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