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| Shreve, Lamb and Harmon | |
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| Starrett Brothers and Eken | |
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--[3] (. Empire State Building) 102- , - . . 1931 1972, , . 2001 , , -. -.
1986 -- .[4][5][6] 2007 .[7] W&H Properties.[8] 33- 34- .
-- , - , 15- . 550 , 120 .
. 30 3 , 8- 7 --. « » . , 86- 102- .
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-, « ». « », «, » (. Shreve, Lamb and Harmon) ( . ). - -, (. Carew Tower) , . : -- ( ) -, .
«The Starrett Brothers and Eken», (. John J. Raskob) , DuPont.
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22 1930 , 17 . 3400 , , - , . , .[9]
, , . , , , , --.
, - . , -, 40 , , -- . - , -- . 410 . , 10 14 . 1 1931 , , . 1932 .[10]
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, 1 1931 . 1 1931 --, . , «--» (. Empty State Building). , , , .[11][12] 1950 . 1951 , 51 ( , ), .[13]
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. 102- . , 86- 102- , . , , 86 .[2] ( , , ). . 1952 . - « »).
28 1945 B-25 «», , 79 80- . , . , , 40 . 14 .[14][15] 75 .[16] , , .
30 .[17] . 1947 , 5 .[18] 1979 86- . 85- , . 13 2007 , 69 , .[19]
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443,2 381 . 41 , 23 . 1972 -- . 11 2001 -- - - .
, 4 ( Woolworth Building, 3 ).
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102 , 381,3 . , 50- , 443 . 85 (257 211 ²). 16 -, 102 . -- , 100 . 6500 73 . 331 000 , 54 400 . 700 . , 8 . ². 1860 , . 15 000 , 10 000 . 1000 , 21000 , -- . 113 , 760 .[20] . .
, . , -. , .[7] , . 30 . , : --. .
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1964 , , - , ( , )[21]. : , . , , , - « ». 8 2004 , 15 [22].
, , - , (, - , , - . .). US Open ( ). 2002 , Ÿ II, - ( ).
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102 . 1999 , 2005 . , . - , . 86 ( 102 )[23].
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, 1994 . New York Skyride . 25 .
1994 2002 , , « », , . 11 2001 , . , , . , . .
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, --, - .[24]
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-- , , . 5 -- . 1576 1 86 . 2003 , 9 33 . , , , , .
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- 1 2 SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, : , LLC
- 1 2 Kenneth T. Jackson: The Encyclopedia of New York City: The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995. . 375376. (.)
- --, - ., . ( -). . . ? / . . , . . , . . . .: , 2009. 512 ., . 497
- Empire State Building. . National Park Service (11 2007). 28 2011. (.)
- [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf "Empire State Building", 26 1985, ]PDF (138 ) ]. National Park Service (26 1985). (.)
- [ , 1978.PDF (702 ) ]. National Park Service (26 1985). (.)
- 1 2 White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot; AIA Guide to New York City, 4th Edition; New York Chapter, American Institute of Architects; Crown Publishers. 2000. p.226.
- W&H Properties Empire State Building (.)
- about.com -- (.)
- (.)
- NYT Travel: Empire State Building (.)
- A Renters' Market in London (.)
- [1] -.
- «Empire State Building Withstood Airplane Impact» (.)
- «Plane Hits Building Woman Survives 75-Story Fall» (.)
- guinnessworldrecords.com
- iht.com
- Compass American Guides: Manhattan, 4th Edition. Reavill, Gil and Zimmerman, Jean P. 160.
- New York Daily News
- (.)
- Lelyveld, Joseph. The Empire State to Glow at Night, The New York Times (23 1964). (.)
- [2] thevillager.com
- Empire State Building : Official Internet Site
- ESB in the Movies (.). Empire State Building Company LLC. 31 2012. 17 2012.
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381 1951 , 443 1951 1931-1954 |
: KWTV, |