()
|
|
||||
| (a) |
237 948 |
|||
| (e) |
0,004 7[2] |
|||
|
1,370 218 118 386,82 [3] |
||||
| (i) |
0,019° ( ) |
|||
|
513,2×502,8×496,6 [4] |
||||
|
252,1 ± 0,1 (0,0395 )[5] |
||||
| (m) |
(1,080 22 ± 0,001 01)·1020 [5] (1,8×105 ) |
|||
| (ρ) |
1,609 6 ± 0.002 4 /3[5] |
|||
| (g) |
0,111 /2 (0,011 3 ) |
|||
| (v2) |
0,239 / (860,4 /) |
|||
| (T) | ||||
|
1,375 ± 0,008 () 0,99 ()[6] |
||||
|
11,7[7] |
||||
|
||||
| [8] |
|
|||
|
||||
|
91 % 4 % 3,2 % 1,7 % [9] |
||||
́ [10]. 1789 [11]. , «» 1980-, ; , . «» , 500 ( 0,1 ) . «-1» , ; , , . «-2» , : , , 100 .
2005 «» , . , , ( , , E). , , , . , ; , .
( ), . , [12]. , , , , , .
2011 NASA «Enceladus Focus Group Conference» , « »[13][14].
|
|
[]
. , , , 1847 « »[15]. , , , «». () « »[16]. , , «fossae» (), «dorsa» ( ), «planitia» (), «sulci» (), . 57 : 22 1982 , «», 35 2006 «» 2005 [17]. : , (), , .
[]
28 1789 1,2- [18][19], 1787 16,5 (- )[20]. - (+11,7m), , 15-30 . , , , . .
«» , . «» . 12 1980 «-1» , [21]. 202 000 , , , , [22]. «-1» , - . , , , , , - , [22].
| «» [23][24] | |
|---|---|
|
|
()
|
| 17 , 2005 | 1264 |
| 9 , 2005 | 500 |
| 29 , 2005 | 64 000 |
| 21 , 2005 | 93 000 |
| 14 , 2005 | 175 |
| 12 , 2005 | 49 000 |
| 24 , 2005 | 94 000 |
| 17 , 2006 | 146 000 |
| 9 , 2006 | 40 000 |
| 9 , 2006 | 95 000 |
| 28 , 2007 | 90 000 |
| 30 , 2007 | 98 000 |
| 12 , 2008 | 52 |
| 30 , 2008 | 84 000 |
| 11 , 2008 | 54 |
| 9 , 2008 | 25 |
| 31 , 2008 | 200 |
| 8 , 2008 | 52 804 |
| 2 , 2009 | 103 |
| 21 , 2009 | 1607 |
| 28 , 2010 | 103 |
| 18 , 2010 | 201 |
| 13 , 2010 | 2554 |
| 30 , 2010 | 48 |
| 21 , 2010 | 50 |
| 30 , 2011 | 60 000 |
| 20 , 2011 | 68 000 |
| 13 , 2011 | 42 000 |
| 1 , 2011 | 99 |
| 19 , 2011 | 1231 |
| 5 , 2011 | 496 |
| 23 , 2011 | 35 000 |
| 11 , 2011 | 20 000 |
26 1981 «-2» ( 87 010 ), , [21]. , , [25]. , , . , , ( ) . , «-2» .
1 2004 «» . , «-2», , 1500 , 100 000 ( ). , «», 2005 , . . , .
2007 , . [26].
14 2008 «» , [27]. 9 2008 «» , [28]. 2009 «» , [29].
«» 2011 ()[31] , , [32][33][34].
«» . NASA / ESA Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM), , , [35].
[]
504,2 . (, ). , . 65 % , 20 % , 15 % , (). , , . , , «» - , . 200 . ( 2030 ).
(5150 ), (1530 ), (1440 ), (1120 ) () (1050 ). .
, , «», 513(a)×503(b)×497(c) , (a) , «» [36], (b) (c) [37].
[]
237 378 180 000 , . 32,9 . 2:1 . (0,0047) [2].
, , . , ( 1,5°). , , , - 1:4 - [2]. , , .
[]
. , , , , 1 000 000 . , 10 000 1 000 000 , , , , .
, , . , , . «».
[38]. , , , . , - , 860 /. , , , , , . , , .
[]
, . 99 % [39], (), 1,38[6]. , 198°C ( , )[8]. . , [40] . , ( ) / . , .
«», 2004 . , , , . «», . , , . 2010 . , - [39]. , , . , «» , . , «» , , , [39].
[]
«-2» : , , [25]. «» , , 200 , 510 .
, . «-2» [25]. , , , , , , . . . 125 750 , . [41].
. ( ), . , . , , , , [41][42]. , «-2» «». , , , . . , , , , . , , . , [41]. , , .
[]
«» ct2 cp. , [41]. , . , , : , . , , . , Dunyazad, . , .
[]
«-2». , , , , , [43]. Sarandib Planitia , «-2», - . - Sarandib - . Sarandib Planitia Diyar Planitia. , . [41]. Sarandib Planitia, , , 170 3,7 [2][44].
, «», , , . , , , . Sarandib Diyar Planitiae , [45].
[]
, «» 14 2005 , . , 60° [2][46]. , , . , 500 000 [2]. , , « ». 500 , , 130 . 2006 (USGS) : , , [47]. - ( - ) , [46]. «» , , , -. , , , . , ( 1000 ) [48]. , [49].
«» 14 2005 , ( ), 10-100 [50].
Y- V- . , . . -, ( : « - »), . [2]. , [45]. , , . «» , [2]. , , , , . . Y- V- . Y-, , , , , -, . V- , [2].
[]
- INMS Cassini:
- <99.
[]
«» , . , «», , , 1,61 /³. , , , . , , , .
, , , , , . , -26 -60, , . , , , , , . , 26Al 60Fe , . 1000 , . - , , . .
, , , . , , , , , . , , , , ( ).
[] .
[]
- © Serge Jodra, 2004. - Reproduction interdite. Imago Mundi - La Découverte des satellites de Saturne (in French). Cosmovisions.com. 13 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Porco, C. C.; et al. (2006). «Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus». Science 311 (5766): 13931401. DOI:10.1126/science.1123013. PMID 16527964.
- NASA Celestia Solar System Definition File. Retrieved March 22, 2006.
- Thomas, P. C.; Veverka, J.; Helfenstein, P.; Porco, C.; Burns, J.; Denk, T.; Turtle, E. P.; Jacobson, R. A. (March 1317 2006). «Shapes of the Saturnian Icy Satellites» (PDF). 37th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
- 1 2 3 Jacobson, R. A.; Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E. et al. (December 2006). «The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data». The Astronomical Journal 132: 25202526. DOI:10.1086/508812.
- 1 2 (2007) «Enceladus: Cosmic Graffiti Artist Caught in the Act». Science 315 (5813): 815. DOI:10.1126/science.1134681. PMID 17289992. p. 815 (supporting online material, table S1)
- Classic Satellites of the Solar System. Observatorio ARVAL. 28 2007.
- 1 2 (2006) «Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot». Science 311 (5766): 1401. DOI:10.1126/science.1121661. PMID 16527965.
- (2006) «Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure». Science 311 (5766): 1419. DOI:10.1126/science.1121290. PMID 16527970.
- Planetary Body Names and Discoverers. Retrieved March 22, 2006.
- Herschel, W.; Account of the Discovery of a Sixth and Seventh Satellite of the Planet Saturn; With Remarks on the Construction of Its Ring, Its Atmosphere, Its Rotation on an Axis, and Its Spheroidical Figure, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 80 (1790), pp. 1-20
- Cassini Images of Enceladus Suggest Geysers Erupt Liquid Water at the Moons South Pole. Retrieved March 22, 2006.
- (31 May 2011) « (Enceladus named sweetest spot for alien life)» (Nature).
- « » ("Most-Likely-to-Have-Life" List). The Daily Galaxy (2 June 2011). 3 2011.
- As reported by William Lassell, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 42-43 1848 January 14)
- Blue, J.; (2006) Categories for Naming Planetary Features. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
- Blue, J.; (2006); New Names for Enceladus, 13 November 2006. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
- Herschel, W. (1795) Description of a Forty-feet Reflecting Telescope, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 85, pp. 347409 (reported by M. Arago (1871), Herschel, Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, pp. 198223)
- Frommert, H.; and Kronberg, C.; William Herschel (17381822). Accessed May 29, 2006
- Soylent Communications, William Herschel. Accessed May 29, 2006
- 1 2 Voyager Mission Description. Accessed May 29, 2006
- 1 2 Terrile, R. J.; and Cook, A. F.; (1981); Enceladus: Evolution and Possible Relationship to Saturns E-Ring. 12th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Abstract 428
- Cassinis Tour of the Saturn System.
- Cassini Solstice Mission: Saturn Tour Dates: 2011
- 1 2 3 4 Rothery, David A. Satellites of the Outer Planets: Worlds in their own right. Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-512555-X
- SPACE.com Spacecraft Flies Through Saturn Moons Plumes
- Salt in Enceladus geyser points to liquid ocean
- :
- KM.RU
- Lenta.ru Rambler Media Group
- Rincon, Paul. Science & Environment | Jupiter in space agencies' sights, BBC News (18 2009). 13 2009.
- « »
- Spahn, F.; et al. (2006). « - (Cassini Dust Measurements at Enceladus and Implications for the Origin of the E Ring)». Science 311 (5766): 14161418. DOI:10.1126/science.1121375. PMID 16527969. Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1416S.
- 1 2 3 , (.). Infox.ru, 7.10.2010.
- NASA. - . (16 2007).
- 1 2 3 4 5 Turtle, E. P.; et al.; : , Cassini CHARM Teleconference, 28 2005
- Barnash, A. N.; et al.; (2006); , Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 38, No. 3, presentation no. 24.06
- Smith, B. A. (1982). « : -2». Science 215 (4532): 50437. DOI:10.1126/science.215.4532.504. PMID 17771273. Bibcode: 1982Sci...215..504S.
- . , . 2006 Porco et al..
- 1 2 Nimmo, F.; Pappalardo, R. T. (2006). « ». Nature 441 (7093): 614616. DOI:10.1038/nature04821. PMID 16738654. Bibcode: 2006Natur.441..614N.
- 1 2 Enceladus in False Color. Retrieved March 22, 2006.
- Enceladus Nomenclature: Sulcus, sulci (.). U.S. Geological Survey. 10 2010.
- Cassini Finds Enceladus Tiger Stripes are Really Cubs, 30 August 2005. Retrieved May 29, 2006.
- Brown, R. H.; et al. (2006). «Composition and Physical Properties of Enceladus's Surface». Science 311 (5766): 14251428. DOI:10.1126/science.1121031. PMID 16527972. Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1425B.
- Boulder-Strewn Surface. Retrieved March 22, 2006.
[]
- Porco C. = Restless world of Enceladus // Scientific American. December 2008.
- . // . 2006. № 5.
- . // . 2009.
[]
| () ? |
- freescience.ru
- «Photojournal» ()
- « » . (03.11.2009)
- «» , (27.07.2011)
|
||||||
| · · · | ||||||
| -1 · -2 · · Titan Saturn System Mission () | ||||||
| · · | ||||||
| - | |
|---|---|
| ( ) |
|
|
: · · S/2007 S 2 · · S/2004 S 13 · · · · · S/2006 S 1 · S/2004 S 17 · · · · · S/2004 S 12 · · · · S/2004 S 7 · · S/2007 S 3 · S/2006 S 3 · · · · · · : · · · |
|
| . : ∅ | |
|
|
|
| |
|
| / | |
| |
|