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: ,
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, . (17461822).

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, v , p h :

h+\frac{v^{2}}{2g}+\frac{p}{\rho g}=\text{const},

ρ  ;
g  ;
 \frac{p}{\rho g}  ;
 \frac{v^{2}}{2g}  .

, :

\frac{v_{1}^{2}}{2}+g h_{1}+\frac{p_{1}}{\rho}=\frac{v_{2}^{2}}{2}+g h_{2}+\frac{p_{2}}{\rho}

, , :

\frac{v_{1}^{2}}{2}+\frac{p_{1}}{\rho}=\frac{v_{2}^{2}}{2}+\frac{p_{2}}{\rho},

. , ( , ), , ( , ).

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:

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 Q .


 \begin{cases}
 Q = v_1A_1 = v_2A_2\\
 p_1 - p_2 = \frac{\rho}{2}(v_2^2 - v_1^2) \text{,}
 \end{cases}


 Q =
A_1\sqrt{\frac{2\left(p_1 - p_2\right)}{\rho\left(\left(\frac{A_1}{A_2}\right)^2-1\right)}} =
A_2\sqrt{\frac{2\left(p_1 - p_2\right)}{\rho\left(1-\left(\frac{A_2}{A_1}\right)^2\right)}} \text{.}

A_1 A_2  , , ;
p_1 p_2  , , .

[] .

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