|
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| : « » ( ) | |||||
| 660 . . . | |||||
| [ 1] | |||||
| , , | |||||
- |
|||||
% . |
60- 377 944[1] ² 0,8 |
||||
(2011) |
126 400 000[2] . (10-) 334,5 ./² (25-) |
||||
| () (2011) |
4395 .[3] $ (4-) 34.611[3] $ (24-) |
||||
| () (2010) |
5390 .[3] $ (3-) 42 325[3] $ (17-) |
||||
| (2011) | 0,901[4] ( ) (12-) | ||||
| , , | |||||
| (JPY, 392) | |||||
| - | .jp | ||||
| +81 | |||||
| +9 | |||||
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, 6852 [ 2][5]. , , 97 % . , . . 127 . , , 30 .
[6], , . .
|
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40 . . , 12 . .[ 3] , . , [11]. 12 000 . . , . .
, 500 . .[12], , , (, ) [13]. .
. , , « »[14]. , , .
538 . , [15] ( , , ), , «» .
784 -, 794 - ( )[17]. , . . «» , , XIX . , « » « », , , .
, « »[18]. 1192 - , 1185 , , . 1199 , . Ѹ 1274 1281 , . . , . 1318 1333 , , , 1336 ʸ, 1338 . , 1392 . Ѹ -, 1467 , [19].
1543 , , . , 1582 . , 1590 . , , , 1598 [20].
. 1603 . ( )[21]. 1639 , , . , . , [22].
, . 1868 , 1869 . , , , . . - (18941895) - (19041905) Ƹ , .
XX . , . 1931 , , -. 1933 [24]. 1936 , 1941 «»[25]. , -.
1937 , - (19371945), [26]. 7 1941 ϸ- . . , , 1942 [27]. 6 9 1945 , , 2 1945 [28].
1947 , . - , 1952 [29], 1956 . , 10 % . 1991 , 2000 [30].
[] -
. , 3 1947 , « », , . . 1989 [31], .
. : . 480 , 4 , 242 , 6 . . , . 20 [32]. .
, , . XIX - , . , 1896 [34]. . « ». .
: , , . , , . , [32].
[]
. , , . 2007 [35]. - . . , . [32].
2006 148 302 , 44 528 . 45 913 [36]. 1992 , 2004 .
[]
[]
. . 1956 [37], ( 2010 19 ). G4 [38][39]. [40], , [41], 3[42] [43], . 2007 c [44], 2008 [45].
[]
, . , 36° 138° . - ( - ) ( ). , .
( ): , , . 6 848 , , , . 377,9 . ² (2006), 364,4 . ² , 13,5 . ² . , , , , 1,7 10 .
19 240 (2008), : . [32].
[]
, 75 % . . , 17 000 ²[32].
. - -. (2290 ), [32].
, . , , ; . - ( 250 ), , (3776 ). , , . - . (), , () , , , [32].
(1981 ), (1788 ). [32].
[]
, 1976 : 8630 ; 228 ; 67,6 ; 5,4 ; - 4,7 ; 3,8 ; 2,0 ; 1,0 , , [32].
[]
, . , , . - , ; , . . : ( 716 ²) , (, , ) (, ) [32].
[]
, . , .
:
- , .
- - . , , - .
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:
11 25 2011 , 1 9. , . , . 3 10 . , - - , - .
. - . .
(. ), .
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, , , , , , . . 1800 , 18002000 . 38° 800 ( , , , , .) . 300 , , , , , .
[]
- ( ), . Ÿ 270 , 800 110 . , , 600 1000 . - , .
, , , , , , , , , , , . , , , ; , . : , , , , . , , .
[]
. - , , . , , [32].
[]
. . 1950- 1960-. 1970 , 1971 [48]. 1973 . ( , ), , , , , [49].
2005 30 [51].
[] -
|
|
|
|
|
|
24. |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 483 050 | 8 | 1 450 149 | |||||||
| 2 | 3 579 133 | 9 | 1 327 009 | |||||||
| 3 | 2 628 776 | 10 | 1 176 269 | |||||||
| 4 | 2 215 031 | 11 | 1 159 391 | |||||||
| 5 | 1 880 875 | 12 | 1 028 214 | |||||||
| 6 | ո | 1 525 389 | 13 | 993 483 | ||||||
| 7 | 1 465 917 | 14 | 924 353 | |||||||
| : 2005 | ||||||||||
[]
2009 127,47 [2]. 2007 89,07 % [53]. [54]. , [55], , , [56] [57]. 2005 1,56 [58]. : 2002 36 693 [59]. 98 % ; ( ), [60], [61].
, 2009 82,12 [7], [8]. , XX . 2005 20,1 % 65 [62].
, . [63]. , 2050 95 [62]. , [63]. [64][65].
[]
(83,9 %) (71,4 %)[66]. , - . , 2 % [66]. , , . - . XIX , .
, [67]. . , , , , .
[]
[66]. , , , . . , . «-», 49,1 % , 33,8 %, 8,8 %[68]. ́ (, ), (), . . . , - , , . . [69]. [70].
[]
2009- ( ) [71], 5 , , , 2010- [72]; ( )[73]. , , , , , [74]. , , , , , , , [75]. .
2007 19- [76]. - . , 2009 5,2 %[77]. Toyota, Nintendo, NTT DoCoMo, Canon, Honda, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Sony, Nippon Steel, Tepco, Mitsubishi 711[78]. , [79]. 2006 326 Forbes 2000, 16,3 % .
2009 13 [80] 19 ( )[81]. , , . [82][83]. « Toyota». [84][85].
2007 (20,4 %), (15,3 %), (7,6 %), (6,3 %), (5,4 %), (20,5 %), (11,6 %), (5,7 %), (5,2 %), (5 %), (4,4 %) (4,2 %). , [75]. , , ( ), , [86]. , , [87].
[]
, , 7 , Kintetsu, Seibu Railway Keio Corporation. 250 . [90].
[]
, , , . ( ).
[]
(72,7 .) , (592 . 1 . .) , . «» (12,4 .), «» (14,4 .), «» (5,6 .) «» (4,7 .). : « » Asahi Evening News (38,8 . .), « » The Daily Yomiuri (52,8 . .), « » Nikkei Weekly (34,4 . .), « » (The Japan Times 80 . .). ( ) [91].
[]
, , . 130 700 . . , . : 13 , [92], [93] [94]. . , (402 200 742 500) [95]. QRIO, ASIMO AIBO.
(JAXA) , , , . , , . JAXA PLANET-C 2010 [96][97], 2013 [98][99] 2030 [100]. 14 2007 - H-IIA . . . 4 [101][102] 100 [103].
[]
. 1936 [106]. , .
- 1992 [107]. . , . 1981 2004 .
[]
15 , (. « »). , [110]. , ( Ѹ, , ) « ». , 2000-x , , ( ).
, , (. ). , , , , -- . . , (, ).
| 1 | (. ) |
| (. の ) | |
| 11 | (. 国記念の ) |
| 21 [ 4] | (. の ) |
| 29 [ 5] | Ѹ (. 昭和の : ) |
| 3 [ 5] | (. 法記念 : ) |
| 4 [ 5] | (. みどりの ) |
| 5 [ 5] | (. こどもの ) |
| (. の ) | |
| (. の : ) | |
| 23 [ 4] | (. 秋の : ) |
| (. 体育の ) | |
| 3 | (. 化の ) |
| 23 | (. 労感の : ) |
| 23 | (. : :) |
[]
[]
, 1872 [111]. 1947 , ( 6 15 ). , , , , , , 75,9 % , , [112]. [113], , . [114][115].
[]
. , , , . , , . 1973 [116]. , [117]. , (), .[118]
[] .
[]
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- «»


