Ãðåé, Ýéñà

Ýéñà Ãðåé
àíãë. Asa Gray
Äàòà ðîæäåíèÿ:	18 íîÿáðÿ 1810(1810-11-18)
Ìåñòî ðîæäåíèÿ:	Ñîêóà, øòàò Íüþ-Éîðê, ÑØÀ
Äàòà ñìåðòè:	30 ÿíâàðÿ 1888(1888-01-30) (77 ëåò)
Ìåñòî ñìåðòè:	Êåìáðèäæ, øòàò Ìàññà÷óñåòñ, ÑØÀ
Ñòðàíà:	ÑØÀ
Íàó÷íàÿ ñôåðà:	Áîòàíèêà, ôëîðèñòèêà
Ìåñòî ðàáîòû:	Ãàðâàðäñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò
Íàó÷íûé ðóêîâîäèòåëü:	Äæîí Òîððè

Ñèñòåìàòèê æèâîé ïðèðîäû

Àâòîð íàèìåíîâàíèé ðÿäà áîòàíè÷åñêèõ òàêñîíîâ.  áîòàíè÷åñêîé (áèíàðíîé) íîìåíêëàòóðå ýòè íàçâàíèÿ äîïîëíÿþòñÿ ñîêðàùåíèåì «A.Gray». Ñïèñîê òàêèõ òàêñîíîâ íà ñàéòå IPNI Ïåðñîíàëüíàÿ ñòðàíèöà íà ñàéòå IPNI Ñòðàíèöà íà Ýíöèêëîâèäàõ Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íà Ýíöèêëîñêëàäå

Ý́éñà Ãðåé (òàêæå Àñà, èëè Ýéçà; àíãë. Asa Gray; 1810â1888) â îäèí èç íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíûõ àìåðèêàíñêèõ áîòàíèêîâ XIX âåêà, ôëîðèñò. Ñ 1862 ãîäà â èíîñòðàííûé ÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò Ïåòåðáóðãñêîé Àêàäåìèè íàóê.

Áèîãðàôèÿ

 1831 ãîäó ïîëó÷èë ó÷¸íîå çâàíèå äîêòîðà ìåäèöèíû.

Ó÷èëñÿ áîòàíèêå ó Äæîíà Òîððè, ñ êîòîðûì ïîòîì òåñíî ñîòðóäíè÷àë.

Ñ 1842 ãîäà â ïðîôåññîð åñòåñòâåííîé èñòîðèè Ãàðâàðäñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà â Êåìáðèäæå, øòàò Ìàññà÷óñåòñ, ÑØÀ (âïëîòü äî 1873 ãîäà); äåëàÿ ùåäðûå ïîäàðêè óíèâåðñèòåòó â âèäå êíèã, ÷èñëîì íåñêîëüêî òûñÿ÷, è áîòàíè÷åñêèõ êîëëåêöèé, ñîçäàë îòäåëåíèå áîòàíèêè â ñâî¸ì óíèâåðñèòåòå.

 1838â1839 è 1850â1851 ãîäàõ ïóòåøåñòâîâàë ïî Åâðîïå.

«Äîì Ãðåÿ», êîòîðûé áûë æèëü¸ì Ãðåÿ â Êåìáðèäæå, ïîñòðîåííûé â 1810 ãîäó ïî ïðîåêòó àðõèòåêòîðà Àéòèåëà Òàóíà äëÿ ïåðâîãî ðóêîâîäèòåëÿ Ãàðâàðäñêîãî áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà, èìååò ñòàòóñ Íàöèîíàëüíîé èñòîðè÷åñêîé äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè.

Ðàçðàáàòûâàë ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû ñðàâíåíèÿ ôëîð. Ïðåäïîëîæèë âîçìîæíîñòü îáùåãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ ðàñòåíèé â âûñîêèõ ñåâåðíûõ øèðîòàõ è ïîñëåäóþùåãî èõ ðàññåëåíèÿ ïî îòäåëüíûì ÷àñòÿì ñåâåðíîé óìåðåííîé çîíû.

Íàçâàíû â ÷åñòü Ãðåÿ

Aesculus discolor A.Gray.

• Ãåðáàðèé (àíãë. Gray Herbarium) â Ãàðâàðäñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå.
• Âûñøàÿ íàãðàäà Àìåðèêàíñêîãî îáùåñòâà òàêñîíîìèñòîâ â ïðåìèÿ Ýéñû Ãðåÿ (àíãë. Asa Gray Award); ó÷ðåæäåíà â 1984 ãîäó äëÿ ïîîùðåíèÿ áîòàíèêîâ çà ìíîãîëåòíèå äîñòèæåíèÿ.
• Íåéðîòîêñèí Grayanotoxin (â ðóññêîÿçû÷íîé ëèòåðàòóðå îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íàçâàíèå àíäðîìåäîòîêñèí).
• Àëüìàíàõ «Asa Gray Bulletin» (âûõîäèë â 1893â1901 è 1952â1961 ãîäàõ).
• Ãðåéç-ïèê (àíãë. Grays Peak) â ãîðà â øòàòå Êîëîðàäî.

Îñíîâíûå ðàáîòû

Ìîãèëà Ýéñû Ãðåÿ íà êëàäáèùå Ìàóíò Îáåðí â Êåìáðèäæå, Ìàññà÷óñåòñ.

• Gray A., Torrey J. A flora of North America, 1838â1843
• Gray A., Engelmann G. Plantae Lindheimerianae: An enumeration of F. Lindheimerâ™s collection of Texan plants, with remarks and descriptions of new species, etc. // Boston Journal of Natural History, Band 5 + 6, Boston. 1845, 1850
• Gray A. Genera florae Americae boreali-orientalis illustrate, 1848â1849 (ëàò.)
• Gray A., Sullivant W.S. A Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, from New England to Wisconsin and South to Ohio and Pennsylvania Inclusive. â Boston: J. Monroe, 1848
• Gray A. Plantae Wrightianae texano-neo-mexicanae, 1852â1853 (ëàò.)
• Gray A. Botany of the United States exploring expedition during the years 1838â1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, Phanerogamia,1854
• Gray A. Statistics of the flora of the Northern United States // American academy of arts and sciences. 2nd ser. 1856â1857. Vol. 22. â 1856. â P. 204â232 ; Vol. 23. â 1857. â P. 62-84, 369â403
• Gray A. The botany of Japan // Memoires of the American academy of arts and sciences. 1857. Vol. 6. P. 377â458
• Gray A. Diagnostic characters of new species of phaenogamous plants, collected in Japan by Charles Wright, Botanist of the U. S. North Pacific Exploring Expedition. With observations upon the relations of the Japanese flora to that of North America, and of other parts of the Northern Temperate Zone // Memoires of the American academy of arts and sciences. Pt 2 (new ser.). 1859. Vol. 6. P. 377â452
• Gray A. Sequoia and its history: an address. â Salem: Salem Press, 1872
• Gray A. Forest geography and archaeology. A lecture delivered before the Harvard University Natural History Society, April 18, 1878 // Proceedings of the American academy of arts and sciences. 3rd ser. 1878. Vol. 16. P. 85-94, 183â196
• Gray A. Synoptical flora of North America, 1878â1897
• Gray A. Natural science and religion, 1880
• Scientific Papers of Asa Gray, selected by Charles Sprague Sargent, Volumes I and II, 1889

Ëèòåðàòóðà

• Gray, Jane Loring, ed. Letters of Asa Gray. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1893.
• Asa Gray. Dictionary of American Biography. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928â1936.
• Dupree A.H. Asa Gray, 1810â1888. â Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1959.
• Asa Gray. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
• Asa Gray. Plant Sciences. 4 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2001.

Ññûëêè

• Ðàáîòû Ýéñû Ãðåÿ íà Project Gutenberg.
• Ãðåé Àñà â ñòàòüÿ èç Áîëüøîé ñîâåòñêîé ýíöèêëîïåäèè  (Ïðîâåðåíî 1 îêòÿáðÿ 2009).
• Ïðîôèëü À. Ãðåÿ íà îôèöèàëüíîì ñàéòå ÐÀÍ