GNU Free Documentation License . .

Android

: ,
Android
Android robot.svgAndroid logo.png
Android 4.0.png
Samsung Galaxy Nexus Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich

Google Inc., Open Handset Alliance

23 2008

4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich 28 2012

ARM, MIPS, POWER, x86

(Linux)

GPLv2 kernel
ASLv2 user-space[1]

-

android.com openhandsetalliance.com code.google.com/android/

Android  () , , , , , Linux.[2] Android Inc., Google. Google Open Handset Alliance (OHA), . Android Java-, Google . Android Native Development Kit , .

[]

2008 . , , . . .

10 .   4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (« »)[3].

[]

HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1)  Android
Android 1.5

, Android, HTC T-Mobile G1, 23 2008 [4]. Android.

, Android , , , - Nokia N810, HTC Touch, HTC TyTN II .[5] Android x86.[6]

Koolu, Android Neo FreeRunner, OpenSource- Google. - Android Neo FreeRunner Koolu 2008 .[7]

2011 Blue Sky imWatch Android[8].

[] ,

, Android- ( CyanogenMod, MIUI, Virtuous Quattro, VillainROM).

Androida ( «», « ») :

  • Android- Google (, , )  Android-  (IMEI, , GPS-  . .) Google;
  • ( ) Android OS. , , , , , ;
  • Android- . , FLAC Lossless Audio, MicroSD- ( Android 2.2)  . .

Android- root- ( , . rooting), , . root- ( bootloader ). , , , .[9]

Android- root- ( ), . , - , (Sony Ericsson  Unlocking the boot loader, HTC  Unlocking Your Bootloader). , , , , . , , ( , , ,  . .) (Sony Ericsson CyanogenMod). , ( Sony Ericsson) (, HTC).

( Google ) :

  • «» , ;
  • Google : , (GPS- , GPS-, ) , .[10][11]
  • , .

24 2009 Google CyanogenMod , ( «», GPS , «»  . .). Android- CyanogenMod «» , CyanogenMod Google «» ( «»  . .), Google-.[12]

[]

Android - Dalvik.

Google (Software Development Kit), x86- Linux, Mac OS X (10.4.8 ), Windows XP, Windows Vista Windows 7. JDK 5 .

Android Java ( Java 1.5). Eclipse  «Android Development Tools» (ADT), Eclipse 3.3-3.7. IntelliJ IDEA , Android-.[13]. NetBeans IDE [14], Netbeans 7.0 , . Motodev Studio for Android, , Eclipse Google SDK.

2009 ADT Android Native Development Kit (NDK)[15], /++. NDK .

:

Linux, Android [16]:

  • Content Providers  ;
  • Resource Manager  , XML, PNG, JPEG;
  • Notification Manager  ;
  • Activity Manager  .

Android .apk.

[] Android Developer Challenge

2007  Google Android Developer Challenge 10  .[17]

  . , , , .

, Android, , , (, ), email/IM/, , , .[18]

ADC 2008 50 (25-275 . .).[19]

27 2009 ADC2 2  . (   250 . .).[20] 24 31 2009 . 24 6 ADC2 . 5 200 ( 20 10 ), , . 24 , -, . 30 .[21]

[] Google Play ( Android Market)

22 2008 Google - Android  Android Market. 70 % ,   30 %.[22]

2009 Android Market.[23]

Sony Ericsson - Android Market. , .[24]

2011 . Android Market 250 000 .[25]

2012 Google Android Market Google Play.[26]

[]

21 2008 OHA Android[27]. Android: , (middleware), , Java. Android 2,1 . « » Android Apache License 2.0[28]. Android 3.0 Honeycomb Google , , [29]. : , ZDNet Google .[30] , , Google 2011   Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich[31].

[]

Oracle Corporation Google Java .[32][33][34] Google Brown Rudnick LLP, , GPL2 Bionic.[35] [36][37][38], , , , [39].

31 2012 , (William Alsup) Oracle API ( ), Google Android Java . API, , , . , API, Oracle Google, . « , , , , , Java API. , , . , , »[40].

[] Android

Android , HTC HD2, Android microSD-, NAND-. , . Android Apple  iPhone, iPod Touch iPad[41] openiboot, , Android.

[]

  • Android 1.6 Native Development Kit[42], C/++, linux-. , , Android, Bionic, libc.
  • Google Play Google , Google.[43]
  • Android , , [44][45]. Google , , [46], , , [47].
  • Google Android 3.0 Honeycomb, Open Handset Alliance . Googl [48]
  • , « : Linux, Android 3 » « Android , Apple Windows, , »[49]. Google, Android 3.0  . Android 2.x , Android 4.0.
  • CEO Apple inc. Android: « Apple, Android, ». , Apple , , Google . Android-. Apple , , Android, . HTC Android-, Apple . , Google. , , Apple Android-, , , . , 2010 - Google (Eric Schmidt) . , Android-, . « »,  .  « 5 , . . , Android  , ».
  • Lookout Security Mobile 2011 Android- [50].

[]

[]

PC Magazine Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich « », , , [52].

2012 «» , Android Apple. , Apple . «» .[53]

[] Android

2005 

  •   Google Android Inc.

2007 

2008

  • 18   OHA SDK 0.9 beta
  • 23   Google T-Mobile HTC Android 1.0  T-Mobile G1 (HTC Dream).
SDK 1.0, Release 1.

2009 

  • 30   Android 1.5 (Cupcake).
  • 15   Android 1.6 (Donut).
  • 26   Android 2.0 (Eclair).
  • 3   Android 2.0.1.

2010 

  • 12   Android 2.1. «Flan», «Eclair».
  •   Android 2.2 (FroYo)
  •   Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)

2011 

  • 22   Android 3.0 (Honeycomb)
  • 15   Google Motorola Mobility 12,5  .
  • 9   Android 5.0 Jelly Bean[54].
  • 19   Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich.

[] SDK

2007 

  • 12   SDK m3-rc20a
  • 16   SDK m3-rc22a
  • 14   SDK m3-rc37a

2008 

  • 12   SDK m5-rc14
  • 3   SDK m5-rc15
  • 18   SDK 0.9 Beta
  • 23   SDK 1.0 r1
  •   SDK 1.0 r2

2009 

  •   SDK 1.1 r1
  •   SDK 1.5 r1
  •   SDK 1.5 r2
  •   SDK 1.5 r3
  •   SDK 1.6 r1
  •   SDK 1.6 r2
  •   SDK 2.0 r1
  •   SDK 2.0.1 r1

2011

  •   SDK 4.0.1 r15
  •   SDK 4.0.2 r16
  •   SDK 4.0.3 r17

2012

  •   SDK 4.0.4

[]

  • Android Droid Roboto.
  • 1.5 Android - . : 1.5 Cupcake («»), 1.6 Donut («»), 2.0 Eclair («» «»), 2.2 Froyo ( « »), 2.3 Gingerbread (« »), 3.0 Honeycomb (« »), 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (« »), Jelly Bean (« »), Key Lime Pie (« »), Licorice («»), Molasses («») Nougat («») ( / ).
  • : 1.0 Astro (« ») 1.1 Bender»), - .[   197 ]
  • 2011 Android , iPhone 4 c Apple iOS.[55] , Android .
  • Android 4,4 %. 2010 160 . [56], 2011 , , 550 . [57], , , .

[] .

[]

  1. Licenses. Android Open Source Project. Open Handset Alliance. 20 2009.
  2. What is Android?. 6 2010.
  3. Android 3.1 Platform Highlights  (.). Android Developers. 11 2011.
  4. Android debuts  (.). linuxdevices.com (23 2008). 23 2011.
  5. Android
  6. Android 86
  7. - Android Neo FreeRunner
  8. - imWatch Android, 3DNews
  9. Android 2.1 from Motorola Droid Ported to G1. Volt Mobile (10 2010).  ???.
  10. Google Apple .  ??? (29 2011). 26 2011.
  11. Google Apple .  ??? (13 2011). 26 2011.
  12. The current state. CyanogenMod Android Rom (27 2009). 27 2009.
  13. Google Android IntelliJ IDEA plugin
  14. Android plugin for NetBeans
  15. Android NDK
  16. Application Framework
  17. Google Android
  18. Google SDK Android, , nixp.ru
  19. Android Developers Challenge
  20. Android Developer Challenge 2 open for submissions, android-developers.blogspot.com
  21. ADC 2 Overall Winners code.google.com/android
  22. Android Market: Now available for users
  23. Android Market update: support for priced applications
  24. Sony Ericsson Android Market
  25. Android Market statistics from AndroLib, Androlib, Android Applications and Games directory
  26. Google Android Market Google Play
  27. Android is now available as open source
  28. Licenses (Android Open Source Project)
  29. Ashlee Vance; Brad Stone Google Holds Honeycomb Tight  (.). Business Week (24 March 2011). 18 2012.
  30. Christopher Dawson Google Android 3.0 "Honeycomb": Open source no more  (.). ZDnet (14 March 2011). 18 2012.
  31. Matthew Panzarino Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Source Code Released  (.). The Next Web (14 November 2011). 18 2012.
  32. Oracle Google . . (13 2010). 13 2010.
  33. Oracle sues Google over Android and Java. CNET (12 2010).  ???.
  34. Android Java.  ??? (???).  ???.
  35. Edward Naughton. The Bionic Library: Did Google Work Around The GPL?. Brown Rudnick (14 2011). 22 2011 . 22 2011.
  36. Bill Ray. Google copyright purge leaves Android developers exposed. The Register (17 2011). 22 2011 . 22 2011.
  37. JT. Android GPL. OpenNET (18 2011). 22 2011.
  38. Tirsina Radu. Analysis: Does Googles Android use «stolen» Linux code?. TG Daily (21 2011). 22 2011.
  39. Thom Holwerda. Does Android Violate the GPL? Probably Not. OSNews (21 2011). 22 2011.
  40. , Oracle Java API
  41. android iphone ipad (February 25, 2011 20:18 PM PDT).
  42. Introducing Android 1.5 NDK  (.). android-developers.blogspot.com (25 2009). 30 2009.
  43. Android Google / Android /
  44. Marc Flores Steve Ballmer Jabs Android for Fragmentation Issues  (.). IntoMobile (5 2010). 7 2011.
  45. Android «»  (.). Habrahabr (20 2010). 7 2011.
  46. Google Android  (.). (17 2010). 7 2011.
  47. Lee Mathews Google releases Android anti-fragmentation kit  (.). DownloadSquad (4 2011). 7 2011.
  48. Matthew Jones, Google holds Honeycomb source code, says its not ready for smartphones (25 2011)
  49. : Android ?  (.). (21  2011). 18 2012.
  50. Harrison Weber The top security threats to mobile users in 2012? Malware, sneaky ads and data thieves.  (.). The Next Web (14 December 2011). 18 2012.
  51. Jack Wallen 10 things Android phones do better than the iPhone  (.). Tech Republic (3 2009). 21 2011. 21 2011.
  52. Sascha Segan Google Android 4.0 "Ice Cream Sandwich"  (.). PC Magazine (22 November 2011). 24 2011.
  53. : Apple Android http://www.vedomosti.ru/tech/news/1531036/ipad_i_android_podelili_rossiyu
  54. Chris Ziegler Exclusive: Android 'Jelly Bean' comes after Ice Cream Sandwich (update)  (.). The Verge (9 September 2011). 17 2012.
  55. Kate Solomon. iPhone 4 dips out of USwitch top five UK mobiles list  (.). TechRadar (22 2011). 23 2011 . 21 2011.
  56. Google 160 Android-
  57. Schmidt: Android to be Asias mobile gateway

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