BitTorrent
, torrent- «BitTorrent» Python 4 2001 . 2 2001 .
- BitTorrent.
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bencode .torrent (, .)
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, -, - -, , . . (. announce).
, , , . BitTorrent , . NAT .
. , (), , , . . , -, , . , . , .
, ( - ) , , . : , , . , , , - .
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(. choke). . , , , . , « , ».
« , » . , , . , : . , , , .
, , , , . , , , , (. choke) . , .
16-4096 , . . , . .
[] End game
, , end game. , «» - .
, «end game», . , , 20. , (1 2) , [1][2].
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, ( ). () IP-.
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- .
- ; , . , «» «», .
- (peers) , « , ».
- .
- .
- , , «», , ( ) .
- (, ).
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TCP. : 6969. : 68816889.
. HTTP 80, . , 68816889, .
, UDP UDP- ( ) UDP NAT Traversal ( BitComet ).
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(. tracker; /ˈtrækə(r)/) , HTTP. , . , IP-, -, , . , , - . -. , , .
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(. trackerless) , . .
4.2.0 , , DHT Kademlia. , , -.
. BitComet, µTorrent, Deluge, KTorrent, Transmission BitTorrent. Vuze (Azureus) , , DHT .[3] , Vuze DHT Mainline DHT.
, BitTorrent. Shareaza Gnutella2 , BitTorrent. GreyLink 6.0 BitTorrent, Direct Connect TTH, .
[] -
-, . , , [4].
, , , .torrent Metalink, MAGMA, (Direct Connect). Shareaza .
[] Web-
web-. . , HTTP. , BitTorrent web- . , : BEP0017 BitTornado style webseeding, BEP0019 GetRight style webseeding External Sourcing, .
«TheSHAD0W» , BitTornado[5]. 5.0 BitTorrent - -, , . μTorrent - 1.7. BitComet - 1.14.
[] BTIH (BitTorrent Info Hash)
SHA1 Info . -, . Info Hash , info, private / info. ( .torrent) [6].
[] BTC-
:
btc://[]: []/[Peer ID]/[ BTIH ]
. Shareaza.
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[]
, , , , , . , , , . , . , , «».
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BitTorrent- , IP- , . . :
- .
- , .
, . . ( , ). (, DC++/DirectConnect).
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, , , , . -, /.
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, . , downloaded uploaded, / . , , . URI , (RatioMaster, GiveMeTorrent, GreedyTorrent . .), - . , .
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- (. announce) HTTP-GET-. , a . , .
- - HTTP FTP-, ,
- (. availability, . distributed copies ) , . 1,0 ; , . , , 50 % ( ), 1,50.
- (. choked , ) , . ( max_uploads), .
- (. interested) , , . , - , , , .
- , , . .
- (. index) .torrent- ( ), - () . .
- , (. leech ) , , . , : , , .
- , , .
- (. peer ) , .
- (. scrape , ) , , , .
- (. snubbed) , , 60 .
- (. seeding) BitTorrent.
- (. share ratio) .
- (. swarm) , .
- (. part ) , , , .
- , (. seeder ) , , , .
- - BitTorrent-, , . , . , , . , , , .
- (. hash) SHA1 , «info» .torrent-. . , . «info»(«»), , , magnet- ( Base32- ).
- Passkey . torrent-. , - torrent- (, ), . passkey , torrent- ( ), .
- URL (. announce URL) , . «Tracker URL». «passkey» , , ( URL *.torrent- ).
[]
[] .
[]
- BitTorrent
- BitTorrent
- BitTorrent Open Directory Project (dmoz).
| BitTorrent (-) | |
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(Peer exchange, PEX) - (DHT) Broadcatching Protocol encryption DNA announce scrape |
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| TCP/IP OSI ( TCP UDP) | |
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OSCAR CDDB Multicast FTP Multisource FTP BitTorrent Gnutella Skype |
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