 Atanycolus |
||||||||
|
Braconidae Nees von Esenbeck, 1819[1] |
||||||||
|
.
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
(. Braconidae) Ichneumoidea . , 1 ( 25 1015), 25 . , . .
|
|
[]
(Ichneumonidae) : 1) 2- ; 2) (Rs) ( M), (Sc+ M+Cu1) ; 3) 2- 3- . , , , . , , 20.
Pt:
Sc:
R:
R1: 1
M:
r-m:
m-cu:
[]
: (Braconinae Doryctinae) ( ), . Coleoptera, Diptera Lepidoptera, ( ) , , Heteroptera Embiidina. ( Hemiptera Coleoptera), (Mesostoinae Doryctinae).
:
- : Braconinae, Macrocentrinae, Agathidinae, Cheloninae, Microgasterinae, Rogadinae
- : Braconinae, Helconinae, Spathiinae, Doryctinae
- : Opiinae, Dacnusinae, Alysiinae
- : Aphidiinae
[]
, . Bracon hebetor Say Apanteles carpatus Say, , . Spathius exarator L. .
[]
. Bracon hebetor Say Apanteles carpatus Say, - Dinocampus coccinellae Schr.
[]
n = 317.[2]
[]
17,000 ( 50,000 ) 50 1,000 . Aphidiinae, , . 29 (Sharkey, 1993) 43 (Achterberg, 1993).[3] 2004 48 17,605 . ( ): Agathidinae (49 1,032), Alysiinae (102 1,933), Aphidiinae (65 594), Braconinae (180 2,893), Cheloninae (20 1,353), Doryctinae (169 1,335), Microgastrinae (50 2,077), Opiinae (34 1,826), Rogadinae (53 723).
[]
, , .
- Adeliinae
- Agathidinae
- Alysiinae
- Amicrocentrinae
- Aphidiinae ( )
- Apozyginae
- Betylobraconinae
- Blacinae
- Braconinae
- Cardiochilinae
- Cenocoeliinae
- Cheloninae
- Dirrhopinae
- Doryctinae
- Ecnomiinae
- Euphorinae
- Exothecinae
- Gnamptodontinae
- Helconinae
- Histeromerinae
- Homolobinae
- Hormiinae
- Khoikhoiiinae
- Ichneutinae
- Macrocentrinae
- Masoninae
- Maxfischeriinae
- Mendesellinae
- Mesostoinae
- Meteorideinae
- Meteorinae
- Microgastrinae Apanteles
- Microtypinae
- Miracinae
- Neoneurinae
- Opiinae
- Orgilinae
- Pselaphaninae
- Rhyssalinae
- Rogadinae
- Sigalphinae
- Telengaiinae
- Trachypetinae
- Vaepellinae
- Ypsistocerinae
- Xiphozelinae
[]
- Bracon intercessor Nees
- Rogas dimidiator Spin.
- Microgaster tuberculifera Wesm.
- Apanteles glomeratus L.
- Elasmosoma michaeli
[]
-
Braconidae
-
Ascogaster sp. (Cheloninae)
.jpg)
[]
- Braconidae Nees, 1811
- Gokhman Vladimir E. (2000). Karyology of parasitic Hymenoptera: current state. // Hymenoptera: evolution, biodiversity and biological control (Andrew D. Austin, Mark Dowton). Csiro Publishing, 2000. pp.1468 (198206).
- Wharton Robert A. (2000). Can Braconid Classification be restructured? // Hymenoptera: evolution, biodiversity and biological control (Andrew D. Austin, Mark Dowton). Csiro Publishing, 2000. pp.1-468.
[]
- . ., . . . Braconidae . . . 4. 3. 1998. . 8-656; 4. 2000. . 8-571 ( : . Paxylommatidae , . 572576, . . . ).
- . ., . . 2007. . Braconidae . 9. . Alysiinae. , Aspilota. .: . , , . : . . 4, . 5. . 9-133.
- . . . . V. 2. Braconidae (.1). . .-. 1936. 404 .
- . . . , V. 3. Bracoridae. . .-. 1941. 466 .
- . . . , V. 4. Bracoridae. . .-. 1955. 312 .
- . . (. ) Hymenoptera . Braconidae . 1986. . . 3. . 500 .; : . 1-231, 284307, . Aphidiidae , . 232283, 308.
- van Achterberg, C. 1993. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zool. Verhand. 283: 1-189.
- Ghahari, H.; Yu, D.S.; Achterberg, C. van 2006: Bibliography of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) (19642003). NNM technical bulletin, 8: 1-293.
- Quicke, D. L. J. and C. van Achterberg. 1990. Phylogeny of the subfamilies of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zool. Verhand. 258: 1-95.
[]
- // : 86 (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.
- Tree of Life Braconidae
- Agathidinae Synopsis Sharkey
- NNM Technical Bulletin Bibliography of Braconidae 19642003
- BioLib
