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Pentium 4

( «Cedar Mill»)
: ,
<<   Pentium 4   >>
Pentium 4-2,4GHz.JPG
: 2000 2008
: Intel
: 13004000 
FSB: 4001066 
:
, 18065 
: IA-32, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, EM64T
:
:
  • Willamette
  • Northwood
  • Gallatin
  • Prescott
  • Cedar Mill

Intel Pentium 4  x86- Intel, 20 2000 , , ( Intel)  NetBurst. Pentium 4, NetBurst Pentium D, Xeon, . , Celeron, , Pentium 4 .

Pentium 4 2000 . 2005 Pentium D. 27 2006 Core 2 Duo, NetBurst, 8 2007 Intel NetBurst.[1]

[]

Pentium 4 (Socket 423)
Pentium 4 (Socket 478)

Pentium 4 («»), («»), .

Willamette, 2000 2002 [2] Socket 423, (. substrate) (. integrated heat spreader) , - (. interposer) 423 (   53,3×53,3 )[3]. - SMD-.

Willamette, Pentium 4 Northwood, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition Gallatin Prescott 2001 2005 [4] FC-mPGA2, 478 , SMD-, (   35×35 ).

Pentium 4 Extreme Edition Gallatin, Prescott, Prescott-2M Cedar Mill c 2004[5] 2007 FC-LGA4, 775 (   37,5×37,5 ). , SMD-.

Northwood FC-mPGA. FC-mPGA2 .

, , , , .

[]

Northwood

    Northwood 20 :

  • TC, NI (1, 2)  , .
  • TR, F (3, 4)  .
  • D (5)  .
  • AR (68)  , .
  • Q (9)  .
  • S (1012)  .
  • D (1314)  , .
  • R (1516)  .
  • E (17)  .
  • F (18)  .
  • BC, D (19, 20)  .

NetBurst (   P68), Pentium 4, Intel, , . NetBurst P6, Pentium III, . NetBurst . NetBurst .[6]

(. Hyper Pipelining).

Pentium 4 Willamette Northwood 20 , Prescott Cedar Mill  31 ( : , ). Pentium 4 , . , , Pentium III Coppermine (180 ) 1333 , Pentium 4 Willamette , 2000 .[6]

( ), (, -).[6][7]

, NetBurst (. branch target buffer) , ( 94 %) Willamette. , .[6][8]

(. Execution Trace Cache)

NetBurst, x86- , CISC- RISC-: x86 (), . , , x86 , .[9]

, NetBurst - , x86, , . - .

(. Rapid Execution Engine)

NetBurst , . NetBurst : « », , « », (, ). « » : , , .

« », , , , . .

Willamette Northwood « » , . . , . Willamette Northwood , ( , MMX).

Prescott Cedar Mill , « » . , « », Northwood .[10]

(. Replay System)[7]

. , , . , , , - , , .

, , , . , , .

, , , . , , . , , (. replay queue), .

, , , .

[]

Willamette Intel 1998 [11], Pentium Pro, 1995 , «Willamette» 1996 [12]. IA-32 , 64- Merced, Intel P6: , 1994 , , Merced x86 , [11].

, Willamette 1998 , , 2000 [13]. 2000 Intel (IDF Spring 2000) , Willamette, «Pentium 4», 1,5 [14].

Pentium 4 Willamette, 20 2000 , 180 . Pentium 4 Northwood, 130 . 2 2004 Prescott (90 ), , Pentium 4 Cedar Mill (65 ). Northwood Prescott Pentium 4 Pentium 4-M, Pentium 4 . , , Celeron, , Pentium 4 - .

Pentium 4, .

Pentium 4
, 1,4 1,5 1,3 1,7 1,6 1,8 1,9 2
20 3 23 2 27
2000 2001
, $[15] 644 819 409 352 294 562 375 562
Pentium 4 ()
, 2,2 2,4 2,266 2,533 2,5 2,6 2,666 2,8 3,066 3 3,20 3,4 3,6 3,8
7 2 6 26 14 14 23 2 21 26
2002 2003 2004 2005
, $[15] 562 562 423 637 243 401 401 508 637 415 637 417 605 851
Pentium 4 Extreme Edition
, 3,2 3,4 3,466 3,733
3 2003 2 2004 1 2004 21 2005
, $[15] 999
Pentium 4
Pentium 4-M Mobile Pentium 4
, 1,6 1,7 1,4 1,5 1,8 1,9 2 2,2 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,4 2,666 2,8 3,066 3,2 3,333
4 23 24 16 14 16 11 23 28
2002 2003 2004
, $[15][16] 392 496 198 268 637 431 637 562 562 562 562 185 220 275 417 653 262

[] Pentium 4

[] Willamette

Pentium 4 1800 Willamette (FC-mPGA2)

20 2000 Intel Pentium 4.   Willamette. Pentium 4 , , (. quad pumped bus). , Pentium 4 400 (   100 ).

Willamette 8 , 12 000 , - 256 . 42 , 217 ²,   180 . 2001 Willamette FCPGA ( Pentium 4 OLGA, PGA) Socket 423[17].

Pentium 4 , Willamette, Socket 423 2001 , Northwood Socket 478. , 130 , Willamette, , Northwood 2002 , 27 2001 Pentium 4 FC-mPGA2 (Socket 478), - Willamette[18][19][20].

Pentium 4 Willamette 1,32 400 , 1,71,75 ,   100 2 [17].

[] Northwood

Intel Pentium 4 1800 Northwood

7 2002 Intel Pentium 4 Northwood, Willamette ½ - [21]. Northwood 55  130 - . : Northwood B0 146 ², 131 ².

Pentium 4 Northwood 1,63,4 ,   400, 533 800 . Northwood FC-mPGA2 Socket 478, 1,4751,55 ,   134 3,4 [17][19].

14 2002 Pentium 4 3066 ,   Hyper-threading. Northwood 533 , Hyper-threading. 800 (2,43,4 )[22].

Pentium 4 Northwood ( , [23]). 1,7 , , . , « Northwood» (. sudden Northwood death syndrome), Pentium 4 Northwood[24].

[] Prescott

Pentium 4 2800E Prescott (Socket 478)
Pentium 4 3400 Prescott (LGA 775)

2 2004 Intel Pentium 4 Prescott. NetBurst .

Prescott 20 31 . Pentium 4, . Prescott , . , , , , Willamette Northwood. 8 16 ,   512 1 .

Pentium 4 Prescott 2,43,8 ,   533 800 . 2,8 Hyper-threading. Prescott FC-mPGA2 (Socket 478),   FC-LGA4 (LGA775). 125  , 90 (en:strained silicon), 112 ²,   1,41,425 .

, Prescott 90 , : , , Pentium 4 3000 Northwood 81,9 , Pentium 4 3000E Prescott FC-mPGA2  89 . Pentium 4 Prescott 151,13 3,8 [17].

Pentium 4 Prescott   SSE3, EM64T ( 64- ). , Hyper-threading ( , SSE3 , )[25].

, NetBurst, Prescott Northwood, , : , x87, MMX, SSE SSE2, Prescott , , , - , [8].

20 2005 Intel Pentium 4 Prescott. 2 - , Prescott 2M. 169 ,   135 ², Prescott.

Prescott 2M FC-LGA4, 800 , Hyper-threading EM64T. Pentium 4 Prescott 2M 33,8 [17].

[] Cedar Mill

Pentium 4 641 Cedar Mill

16 2006 Intel Cedar Mill. Cedar Mill , Pentium 4. Prescott 2M,   65 . 65 81 ².

Pentium 4 Cedar Mill: 631 (3 ), 641 (3,2 ), 651 (3,4 ), 661 (3,6 ). 800 , LGA775, Hyper-Threading, EM64T, XD-bit, C1/D0 EIST, 1 2. 1,21,3375 , TDP 86 B1 C1, D0 65 .

Cedar Mill Pentium D Presler, , , , Pentium 4, [26].

Pentium 4 Cedar Mill 8 2007 , Intel NetBurst.

[]

, 2004  2005 Prescott Pentium 4 Tejas. Tejas 90 , 4,4 1066 , 24 Hyper-threading[27]. 2005 Tejas 65 9,2 [28]. NetBurst 10 , Tejas , Prescott 4 - , 2004 Tejas[29], 7 2004 Intel Tejas, , NetBurst[30][31].

[] Pentium 4 Extreme Edition

Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (Pentium 4 «EE» «XE»), , Intel 3 2003 . Gallatin, Xeon Northwood M0 - 2 . 237 ².

Pentium 4 EE Gallatin 3,23,466 , 1066 , 3,466 , 800 (3,2 3,4 ). 1,41,55 ,   125,59 3,466 . Pentium 4 EE Gallatin FC-mPGA2 (Socket 478),   FC-LGA4 (LGA775).

21 2005 Intel Pentium 4 EE Prescott 2M. FC-LGA4, LGA775 3,733 . 1066 ,   1,4 ,   148,16 .

Extreme Edition Pentium XE.

[] Pentium 4-M Mobile Pentium 4

Pentium 4-M Pentium 4 Northwood, , Intel SpeedStep. 100 °C ( Northwood  68 75 °C), ( , ).

Pentium 4-M 400 . Pentium 4-M 1,3 ,   48,78 2,666 ,   35 ,   13,69 . Pentium 4-M 1,4 2,666 .

Mobile Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Northwood Prescott Pentium 4-M   2,4 3,466 . Mobile Pentium 4 Hyper-threading.

Mobile Pentium 4 533 . 1,3251,55 ,   112 3,466 ,   59,8 88 ,   34,06 53,68 .

[]

Pentium 4 Intel 2000 Pentium D 2005 . Pentium 4 , Pentium D  . Pentium 4 Intel , , , , Internet[6][32].

Pentium 4 Extreme Edition «» , 999 $[33].

, Pentium 4 Intel - Pentium III[34] ( Pentium 4 RDRAM, Intel 845 2001 [20]), Intel ( , Intel, [35])   AMD, Pentium 4 [36][37][38]. Pentium 4 ( , - , « »[39], AMD Athlon XP, [40]). , AMD Intel   Athlon XP Athlon 64, Pentium 4 . , 2000 2001 AMD x86 18 % 22 % ( Intel 82,2 % 78,7 %), , AMD 2002 , 14 %, 2003 2006  26 % ( Intel  73 %)[41][42][43].

[]

Pentium 4 x86-:

  • Intel Pentium III-S (Tualatin). . , Pentium 4 Willamette . , Pentium 4, Pentium III-S . Intel Pentium III Tualatin, Pentium III-S - . : , Pentium 4, Intel, , Pentium 4, [44].
  • Intel Celeron (Tualatin). Pentium III , Pentium 4 ( Celeron 1,4 , , Pentium 4  1,3 ) ( Celeron PC133 SDRAM, Pentium 4 RDRAM DDR SDRAM) (100 400 )[45]. Celeron Pentium 4 [46].
  • Intel Celeron (Willamette-128 Northwood-128), Celeron D (Prescott-256 Cedar Mill-512). Pentium 4 - , Pentium 4. Celeron Willamette-128 (Celeron Tualatin) [45].
  • Intel Pentium M Celeron M. Pentium III. , . Pentium M Pentium 4 M, Pentium 4, [47][48]. Celeron M Pentium M , .
  • Intel Pentium D (Presler, Smithfield). , Prescott ( Smithfield) Cedar Mill (Presler), (Smithfield), (Presler). Pentium 4 . Pentium 4 , Pentium D ( Pentium D Smithfield 3,2 , Pentium 4  3,8 ), , [49].
  • AMD Athlon (Thunderbird). Pentium 4 Willamette. , SSE SSE2, , , NetBurst (, ), Athlon Pentium 4, -, , , Athlon [50].
  • AMD Athlon XP. Pentium 4 Northwood. , , Athlon XP Pentium 4. «» Athlon XP Pentium 4 , NetBurst, SSE2 , . Pentium 4 [51].
  • AMD Athlon 64. Pentium 4 Prescott. (, , ) ( ) , Pentium 4 , NetBurst (, )[52].
  • AMD Athlon 64 FX. Pentium 4 Extreme Edition. Athlon 64 Pentium 4, Athlon 64 FX , , , NetBurst [53].
  • AMD Duron (Morgan Applebred). Celeron, Pentium 4, , NetBurst SSE2, Pentium 4, [54].
  • VIA C3 (Nehemiah) VIA Eden. (C3 Eden-N) (Eden), .
  • VIA C7. , VIA C3, . ( )[55][56].
  • Transmeta Efficeon. , . AMD Intel, VIA[57].

Pentium 4 , , . Pentium 4 3,8 , 100 ,   150 [17][58]. Pentium 4 , . Thermal Monitor  Pentium 4 ( Intel)  (. clock modulation),   (« », «»). , , , ( , , ), . , , [59][60]. , Pentium 4 ( Prescott E0[61]), Socket 775, Thermal Monitor 2, ( ) [62].

Pentium 4 , 2001 . Athlon 1,4 , Athlon MP 1,2 , Pentium III 1 Pentium 4 2 Willamette. , Athlon MP Athlon , Pentium III , Pentium 4 [63][64]. , (, ), , , (, ) [59], AMD, Athlon 64, . Intel , 29 37 , - Intel , . , : , . , Pentium 4 , Athlon, AMD Intel . : Intel AMD, . , Intel, Pentium 4 - .

- NetBurst, , Pentium 4 . , , Cedar Mill , 7 , ( )[65], Northwood 100 133 [66].

[]

[17][67][68] Willamette Northwood Gallatin Prescott Prescott 2M Cedar Mill
, 1,32 1,63,4 1,43,2 3,23,466 2,43,8 2,83,333 2,83,8 33,6
FSB, 400 400, 533, 800 400, 533 800, 1066 533, 800, 1066 (EE) 800
IA-32, MMX, SSE, SSE2 IA-32, EM64T ( ), MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3
32/64 (), 80 (), 64 (MMX), 128 (SSE)
20 ( ) 31 ( )
36 40
64
, 42 55 178 125 188
L1
8 , 4- -,   64 , 16 , 8- -,   64 ,
, 12 000 , 8- -,   6
L2
, ¼ ½ 1 2
BSB 256 + 32 ECC
, -, , (ECC);   64
8-
L3
, 2
8-
64
Socket 423, Socket 478 Socket 478 Socket 478 Socket 478, Socket 775 Socket 478 Socket 775
FCPGA2, FC-mPGA2 FC-mPGA2 FC-mPGA, FC-mPGA2 FC-mPGA2, FC-LGA4 FC-mPGA2, FC-mPGA4 FC-LGA4
AGTL+ ( )
,
180 (, ) 130 (, , Low-K ) 90 (, , Low-K, ) 65 (, , Low-K, )
, ² 217 146 (. B0)
131 (. C1, D1, M0)
237 112 135 81
, 1,71,75 1,4751,55 1,31,55 1,41,55 1,41,425 1,325 1,41,425 1,21,3375
I/O
L2
, 100 134 48,78 125,59 151,13 112 148,16 116,75

[]

[]

Willamette

CPU Id
B2 0xF07h SL4QD, SL4SC, SL4SF, SL4SG, SL4SH, SL4TY
C1 0xF0Ah SL4WS, SL4WT, SL4WU, SL4WV, SL4X2, SL4X3, SL4X4, SL4X5, SL57V, SL57W, SL59U, SL59V, SL59X, SL5FW, SL5GC, SL5N7, SL5N8, SL5N9, SL5US, SL5UT, SL5UV, SL5UW
D0 0xF12h SL5SX, SL5SY, SL5SZ, SL5TG, SL5TJ, SL5TK, SL5TL, SL5TN, SL5TP, SL5TQ, SL5UE, SL5UF, SL5UG, SL5UH, SL5UJ, SL5UK, SL5UL, SL5UM, SL5VH, SL5VJ, SL5VK, SL5VL, SL5VM, SL5VN, SL5WG, SL5WH, SL62Y, SL62Z
E0 0xF13h SL679, SL67A, SL67B, SL67C, SL6BA, SL6BC, SL6BD, SL6BE, SL6BF

Northwood

CPU Id
B0 0xF24h SL5YR, SL5YS, SL5ZT, SL5ZU, SL62P, SL62Q, SL62R, SL62S, SL63X, SL65R, SL668, SL66Q, SL66R, SL66S, SL66T, SL67R, SL67Y, SL67Z, SL682, SL683, SL684, SL685, SL68Q, SL68R, SL68S, SL68T, SL6D6, SL6D7, SL6D8, SL6ET, SL6EU, SL6EV (), SL6CL, SL6DF, SL6CK, SL6DE, SL69D, SL65Q, SL6CJ, SL5ZZ, SL6CH, SL5Z7, SL5YU, SL5ZY, SL6CG, SL5YT, SL5ZX, SL6CF, SL5ZH, SL5ZW ()
C1 0xF27h SL6DU, SL6DV, SL6DW, SL6DX, SL6E6, SL6E7, SL6E8, SL6E9, SL6EB, SL6EE, SL6EF, SL6EG, SL6EH, SL6GQ, SL6GR, SL6GS, SL6GT, SL6GU, SL6HB, SL6HL, SL6JJ, SL6K6, SL6K7, SL6LA, SL6RY, SL6RZ, SL6S2, SL6S3, SL6S4, SL6S5, SL6S6, SL6S7, SL6S8, SL6S9, SL6SA, SL6SB, SL6SH, SL6SJ, SL6SK, SL6SL, SL6SM, SL6SN, SL6SP, SL6SR (), SL6P2, SL6K5, SL6LS, SL6J5, SL6LR, SL6FK, SL6FJ, SL6FH, SL6FG, SL6FF ()
D1 0xF29h SL6PB, SL6PC, SL6PD, SL6PE, SL6PF, SL6PG, SL6PK, SL6PL, SL6PM, SL6PN, SL6PP, SL6PQ, SL6Q7, SL6Q8, SL6Q9, SL6QA, SL6QB, SL6QC, SL6QL, SL6QM, SL6QN, SL6QP, SL6QQ, SL6QR, SL6WE, SL6WF, SL6WG, SL6WH, SL6WJ, SL6WK, SL6WR, SL6WS, SL6WT, SL6WU, SL6WZ, SL78Y, SL78Z, SL792, SL793, SL7EY (), SL77R, SL726, SL77P, SL725, SL77N, SL724, SL77M, SL6WZ, SL6WY, SL6VC, SL723, SL6VB, SL6V9, SL6V8, SL6V7, SL6V6 ()
M0 0xF25h SL6Z3, SL6Z5, SL79B, SL7BK, SL7V9

Gallatin

CPU Id
M0 0xF25h SL7AA, SL7CH, SL7GD, SL7NF, SL7RR, SL7RT

Prescott

CPU Id
C0 0xF33h SL79K, SL79L, SL79M, SL7AJ, SL7B8, SL7B9, SL7D7, SL7D8, SL7E8, SL7E9, SL7FY
D0 0xF34h SL7E2, SL7E3, SL7E4, SL7E5, SL7E6, SL7J4, SL7J5, SL7J6, SL7J7, SL7J8, SL7J9, SL7K9, SL7KC, SL7KH, SL7KJ, SL7KK, SL7KL, SL7KM, SL7KN, SL7L8, SL7VY, SL7YU, SL7KA, SL7KB, SL7L9, SL7LA, SL7YP (), SL7DU, SL7DT, SL7DS ()
E0 0xF41h SL7KD, SL7NZ, SL7P2, SL7PK, SL7PL, SL7PM, SL7PN, SL7PP, SL7PR, SL7PT, SL7PU, SL7PW, SL7PX, SL7PY, SL7PZ, SL7Q2, SL82U, SL82V, SL82X, SL82Z, SL833, SL84X, SL84Y, SL85U, SL85V, SL87L, SL88F, SL88G, SL88H, SL88J, SL88K, SL88L, SL8B3, SL8HX, SL8HZ, SL8J2, SL8J5, SL8J6, SL8J7, SL8J8, SL8J9, SL8JA, SL8U4, SL8U5 (), SL7X5 ()
G1 0xF49h SL8JX, SL8JZ, SL8K2, SL8K4, SL8PL, SL8PM, SL8PN, SL8PP, SL8PQ, SL8PR, SL8PS, SL8ZY, SL8ZZ, SL9C5, SL9C6, SL9CA, SL9CB, SL9CD, SL9CG, SL9CJ, SL9CK

Prescott 2M

CPU Id
N0 0xF43h SL7Z3, SL7Z4, SL7Z5, SL7Z7, SL7Z8, SL7Z9, SL8AB
R0 0xF4Ah SL8PY, SL8PZ, SL8Q5, SL8Q6, SL8Q7, SL8Q9, SL8QB, SL8UP

Cedar Mill

CPU Id
B1 0xF62h SL8WF, SL8WG, SL8WH, SL8WJ, SL94V, SL94W, SL94X, SL94Y
C1 0xF64h SL96H, SL96J, SL96K, SL96L
D0 0xF65h SL9KE, SL9KG

[]

, . ( BIOS ), . , , () (, BIOS).

[69]
Willamette B2 81 81
C1 1 21 61
D0 2 4 59
E0 1 0 60
Northwood B0 13 14 50
C1 8 7 51
D1 3 4 50
M0 3 0 53
Gallatin M0
Prescott C0 71 71
D0 (PGA478) 4 14 61
D0 (LGA775) 21 0 82
E0 (PGA478) 0 29 53
E0 (LGA775) 23 0 76
G1 (PGA478) 0 26 50
G1 (LGA775) 16 0 66
Prescott 2M N0 0 1 65
R0 17 11 71
Cedar Mill B1 28 28
C1 0 1 27
D0 0 1 26

[]

  1. Intel Pentium 4 Pentium D. 24 2011.
  2. Intel . 24 2011.
  3. Socket 423 (PGA423). 24 2011.
  4. Intel Socket 478. 24 2011.
  5. LGA 775 Socket 939: - . 24 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Willamette  Intel. 24 2011.
  7. 1 2 Replay: Netburst. 24 2011.
  8. 1 2 Pentium 4 Prescott:
  9. Pentium 4: Trace-. 24 2011.
  10. Prescott: ? (Pentium 4: Willamette Prescott). 2. 24 2011.
  11. 1 2 What's Up With Willamette? (Part 1)  (.). 24 2011.
  12. PCs: The next generation  (.). 24 2011.
  13. Uh-Oh! Another Delay?  (.). 24 2011.
  14. IDF 2000: Intel Pentium 4 (Willamette) : Introduction  (.). 24 2011.
  15. 1 2 3 4 1000 .
  16. 1000 .
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IA-32 implementation: Intel P4 (incl. Celeron and Xeon)  (.). 25 2011.
  18. HOT! Update Of Intel Roadmap News!  (.). 24 2011.
  19. 1 2 A Detailed Comparison: Pentium 4/2200 vs. Athlon XP 2000+. 24 2011.
  20. 1 2 Intel Pentium 4 2.0 GHz Socket 423 Socket 478. 25 2011.
  21. Intel Pentium 4 «Northwood»: . 24 2011.
  22. Pentium 4 3066 :
  23. FAQ . 24 2011.
  24. . Northwood . 24 2011.
  25. SSE Intel Prescott. 24 2011.
  26. Presler: Pentium Extreme Edition 955. 24 2011.
  27. Prescott. 24 2011.
  28. Intel Nehalem 10 2007 . 24 2011.
  29. Tejas . 24 2011.
  30. Intel to formally confirm Tejas canned today  (.). 24 2011.
  31. NetBurst: Tejas Jayhawk . 24 2011.
  32. Pentium 4 ( YouTube):
  33. Intel Desktop Pentium 4 Extreme Edition microprocessor. 25 2011.
  34. 2002 Annual Report  (.). Intel.
  35. Intel . 25 2011.
  36. Intel. 25 2011.
  37. Intel AMD. 25 2011.
  38. . . «» № 24 (23 2004 ).
  39. AMD Athlon XP1600+ eXPerience of Athlon. 25 2011.
  40. . .. « » № 1 (28 2002 ).
  41. AMD . 25 2011.
  42. 2002: Intel AMD.
  43. AMD : 25%. 25 2011.
  44. Pentium III-S Tualatin. 25 2011.
  45. 1 2 Celeron 1,7 1,8 Socket 478. 25 2011.
  46. Celeron Tualatin 900 ? , , !. 25 2011.
  47. Pentium M: «» CPU . 25 2011.
  48. Pentium M 780: Intel. 25 2011.
  49. Pentium eXtreme Edition 840: . 25 2011.
  50. AMD Athlon 1,2 Pentium 4 Pentium III. 25 2011.
  51. Pentium 4 Athlon XP:
  52. Pentium 4 Athlon 64:
  53. Pentium 4 Athlon 64 FX:
  54. AMD Duron 1200 Pentium 4. 25 2011.
  55. VIA C7 : Performances brutes  (.). 25 2011.
  56. EPIA EN15000  (.). 25 2011.
  57. iRU Stilo 1715  Transmeta. 25 2011.
  58. Intel Pentium 4 570/570J 3.8 GHz  JM80547PG1121M (BX80547PG3800E)  (.). 25 2011.
  59. 1 2 Pentium 4 Athlon XP. 25 2011.
  60. Thermal Throttling Pentium 4 Northwood Prescott. 25 2011.
  61. Thermal Monitor 2 C1E: LGA 775. 25 2011.
  62. Intel Pentium 4 Intel Xeon. 25 2011.
  63. ! ?. 25 2011.
  64. YouTube  (.). 25 2011.
  65. Pentium 4 670: 7,3 18 Super PI. 25 2011.
  66. Pentium 4 (Northwood) 1.6A, 1.8A, 2.0A 2.2 . 25 2011.
  67. Intel Pentium 4 processor family  (.). 24 2011.
  68. Intel Pentium 4 651  (.). 25 2011.
  69. Intel «Specification Update».

[]