GNU Free Documentation License . .

( «Chordata»)
: ,
Branchiostoma lanceolatum.jpg
 Panthera tigris sumatran subspecies.jpg
Turdus migratorius 4494.jpg
 YellowPerch.jpg
Ƹ

Chordata (Bateson, 1885)
Wikispecies-logo.svg

 Commons-logo.svg
ITIS   158852
NCBI   7711

́ (. Chordata)  , , . . 60000 ,   4 300 [1].

, , , , , , , , . : (), , , . , .

[]

: 1 («»); 2 ; 3 (« »); 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 (); 9 ; 10 () ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ( ); 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 . (): , , .

  , , - , :

  • , . , .
  • , . .
  •   . . .
  • , ( , ).
  •   . - , . , , . , .

[]

. , , , (. Craniata) (. Cephalochordata). , . , . , .

  . . , , 555  [2]. 549543  [3]. , , [4].

  , [5][6]. Yunnanozoon, [7][8]. , , Haikouella lanceolata , , . , , , , , , , [8]. Haikouichthys Myllokunmingia, [9][10]. , , .

90- XIX . , . , [11]. , , , . , , , [12].

, , 896  [12].

, [13]:

Deuterostomia

Xenoturbellida





Hemichordata


Echinodermata


Chordata

Cephalochordata



Tunicata (Urochordata)


Craniata






[]

( ). , 95 % . . , ,   (Hemichordata).

[14].

, Chordata

  • Tunicata Urochordata (, , )
  • Cephalochordata Acraniata ( )
        • Leptocardii ()
  • Vertebrata Craniata ()

, ,   .

, Thaliacea. . , , , . , ( , ) ( ).

, ( ) . Ÿ , .

[]

[]

Branchiostoma lanceolatum
:

́ (. Cephalochordata) ́ (. Acrania)[15] - , . , ( ), (, ) . , [16]. ,   . , [17][18]. 30 , .

[]

:
:

́ (. Tunicata, Urochordata) . 5 , , , . 3 Thaliacea[19]. 1 000 . .

:

[]

,
:

́ (. Vertebrata) . ( ) . . [22], , , . , , [23]. , , . , () . , , , .

. , [24]. , , , ́ (. Myxinidae) [25]. , , , , [26] [27].

[]

[]

Saccoglossus
:

́ (. Hemichordata) . . . μι- χορδή . 100 , 4 [28]. , (), , , . , , 3 : ( ) ( ), . : , , , () . [28]: (. Enteropneusta) 79 [29] (. Pterobranchia). , ( )[30].

() - .

[]

:
:

́ (. Echinodermata) , , , . 7000 ( 400)[1]. , (Deuterostomia). , , (), ( ) . 13 000 , , .

:

  • () ;
  • ( -);
  • , .

, (), . , , . - . , , ( ), . , , , [31].

[] .

[]

  1. 1 2 ZOOINT Part21
  2. Fedonkin, M.A.; Simonetta, A; Ivantsov, A.Y.", in Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Komarower, Patricia, The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota, Special publications, 286, London: Geological Society, pp. 157179
  3. Dzik , J. (June 1999). "Organic membranous skeleton of the Precambrian metazoans from Namibia". Geology 27 (6): 519522.
  4. Erwin, Douglas H.; Eric H. Davidson (July 1, 2002). "The last common bilaterian ancestor". Development 129 (13): 30213032
  5. Bengtson, S. (2004). Early skeletal fossils. In Lipps, J.H., and Waggoner, B.M.. "Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Biological Revolutions". Paleontological Society Papers 10: 6778
  6. Bengtson, S., and Urbanek, A. (October 2007). "Rhabdotubus, a Middle Cambrian rhabdopleurid hemichordate". Lethaia 19 (4): 293308
  7. Shu, D., Zhang, X. and Chen, L. (April 1996). "Reinterpretation of Yunnanozoon as the earliest known hemichordate". Nature 380 (6573): 428430
  8. 1 2 Chen, J-Y., Hang, D-Y., and Li, C.W. (December 1999). "An early Cambrian craniate-like chordate". Nature 402 (6761): 518522.
  9. Shu, D-G., Conway Morris, S., and Zhang, X-L. (November 1999). "Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China" (PDF). Nature 402 (6757
  10. Shu, D-G., Conway Morris, S., and Zhang, X-L. (November 1996). "A Pikaia-like chordate from the Lower Cambrian of China". Nature 384 (6605)
  11. Ruppert, E. (2005). "Key characters uniting hemichordates and chordates: homologies or homoplasies?". Canadian Journal of Zoology 83: 823.
  12. 1 2 Blair, J.E., and S. Blair Hedges, S.B. (2005). «Molecular Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Deuterostome Animals». Molecular Biology and Evolution 22 (11): 22752284.
  13. Perseke M, Hankeln T, Weich B, Fritzsch G, Stadler PF, Israelsson O, Bernhard D, Schlegel M. (2007) «The mitochondrial DNA of Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis». Theory Biosci. 126(1):35-42
  14. Benton, M. J. Vertebrate Paleontology.  Blackwell Science Ltd, 2005.  472 .  P. 389-403.  ISBN 978-0-632-05637-8
  16. Benton, M.J. Vertebrate Palaeontology: Biology and Evolution.  Blackwell Publishing, 2000.  P. 6.  ISBN 0632056142
  17. Gee, H. (June 2008). «Evolutionary biology: The amphioxus unleashed». Nature 453 (7198): 9991000. DOI:10.1038/453999a. PMID 18563145. Bibcode: 2008Natur.453..999G. 2008-09-22.
  18. Branchiostoma. Lander University. 23 2008.
  19. Thaliacea European Register of Marine Species
  20. 1 2 3 Benton, M.J. Vertebrate Palaeontology: Biology and Evolution.  Blackwell Publishing, 2000.  P. 5.  ISBN 0632056142
  21. Appendicularia (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 28 2012. 28 2008.
  22. Morphology of the Vertebrates. University of California Museum of Paleontology. 28 2012. 23 2008.
  23. //
  24. Introduction to the Petromyzontiformes. University of California Museum of Paleontology. 28 2012. 28 2008.
  25. Shigehiro Kuraku, S., Hoshiyama, D., Katoh, K., Suga, H, and Miyata, T. (December 1999). «Monophyly of Lampreys and Hagfishes Supported by Nuclear DNA-Coded Genes». Journal of Molecular Evolution 49 (6): 729735. DOI:10.1007/PL00006595. PMID 10594174.
  26. Introduction to the Myxini. University of California Museum of Paleontology. 28 2012. 28 2008.
  27. Campbell, N.A. and Reece, J.B. Biology.  7th.  San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2005.  ISBN 0805370951
  28. 1 2
  29. Deland, C., Cameron, C. B., Rao, C. B., Ritter, W. E., Bullock, T. H. (2010). A taxonomic revision of the family Harrimaniidae (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) with descriptions of seven species from the Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 2408: 130.  (.)  ( 13  2011)
  30. Introduction to the Hemichordata. University of California Museum of Paleontology. 28 2012. 22 2008.
  31. Cowen, R. History of Life.  3rd.  Blackwell Science, 2000.  P. 412.  ISBN 063204444-6

[]

  • . . , . . , . . . ( , , ).  .: , 1976.  . 351.
  • . .  ., ., . , 1989.

[]

«/w/index.php?title=&oldid=44817792»