GNU Free Documentation License . .

Ƹ

( «HDD»)
: ,
«HDD» ; . .
HardDisk1.ogg

́ ́ ́ (. hard (magnetic) disk drive, HDD, HMDD), , «́»  ( ) , . .

«» (), ( ) , ,   . . , . ( 10 [1]), . , .

, , , . .

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[2][3], «» (. Winchester) IBM (. Kenneth E. Haughton), , 1973 3340, . «30-30», ( ) 30 ,   Winchester Model 1894, .30-30 Winchester. [4], - , Winchester Repeating Arms Company, «» , .

«» 1990- , , «» ( ).

[]

(. interface)  , , , , , () . ATA ( IDE PATA), SATA, eSATA, SCSI, SAS, FireWire, SDIO Fibre Channel.

(. capacity)  , . . ( - 3,5 ) 2011 . 4000 (4 ) 5 [5]. , 1024 (.: ), , 1000. , , «200 », 186,2 .[6][7]

(-) (. dimension). (20012008 ) 3,5, 2,5   . 1,8 , 1,3 , 1 0,85 . - 8 5,25 .

(. random access time)  , / .   2,5 16 . , (, Hitachi Ultrastar 15K147  3,7 [8]),   (Seagate Momentus 5400.3  12,5 [9]). , SSD- 1 .

(. spindle speed)  . . : 4200, 5400 7200 (), 5400, 5900, 7200 10 000 ( ), 10 000 15 000 / ( ). , .

(. reliability)  (MTBF). S.M.A.R.T.

- (. IOPS)  50 ./ 100 ./ .

  .

(. G-shock rating)  , .

(. Transfer Rate) :

  • : 44,2 74,5 /;
  • : 60,0 111,4 /.

  , / . 8 64 .

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Fujitsu SCSI-, 2001 - , Cirrus Logic ( 2009 Toshiba[11]). Fujitsu , , . Toshiba 2,5- 1,8- . Quantum, 2000- , , IBM Fujitsu. IBM, , Quantum CX , , . Ƹ Nec. Maxtor. 2001 Maxtor Quantum, - «» . 2006 Seagate Maxtor. 1990- Conner Peripherials, Seagate. 1990- Micropolis, SCSI- premium- . 7200 / , Nidec, Micropolis , Seagate. IBM, , , 2000 , Hitachi, 2011 Western Digital.[   208 ] Samsung HDD Seagate.[12] 2011 3   Seagate Technology, Western Digital Toshiba.[   208 ]

SSD , , .

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Ƹ .

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Samsung HD753LJ 750 , 2008
,

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. (3600, 4200, 5000, 5400, 5900, 7200, 9600, 10 000, 12 000, 15 000). , . , . , «» , . . , , () . , «» ,   .

()  , , . [13].

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(, . ) [   244 ] .[14] , () .

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, , , , . () . (/) , , . . , .   Automatic Acoustic Management. ATA/ATAPI-6, . , 128 254, , , , .

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( ). , , PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood  ). . , .

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Cylinder Head Sector.svg

  .   . CHS , .

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CHS, : , . ; ATA-1 ( Identify Drive).[17]

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. ( ) , , , . 50 30 /. , . . Gparted ( ) ( ).

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«» (. Zoned Recording). . , , . , ́ , , .

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. - , (. remapping). , , ECC, . : ,   . , .

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, (.: ). , CHS. , , , , . , 63 255 ( BIOS INT 13h), . [18] .

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. 512 .[19] 2006 IDEMA 4096 , 2010 [20].

Western Digital [21] , Advanced Format, , . AARS/EARS BPVT BEVT, «» 512- .

Advanced Format Windows XP .[22] Windows Vista, Windows 7 Mac OS .[23]

Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 R2 .[24][25]

2 : -- (. cylinder-head-sector, CHS) (. linear block addressing, LBA).

[] CHS

3   , . , 528 482 304 (504 ), « » (. ).

[] LBA

. LBA- 1994 EIDE (Extended IDE). ATA CHS LBA:

\mathrm{LBA} = \bigl( (\mathrm{Cylinder} \times \mathrm{No\ of\ \mathrm{heads}} + \mathrm{heads}) \times \mathrm{sectors/track} \bigr) + (\mathrm{Sector}-1)

LBA Sector Mapping SCSI. BIOS SCSI- , SCSI- .

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23 /². 2010 .

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  , . , 1 . ( 2009 )   400 / (62 /²).[26]

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(. Heat-assisted magnetic recording, HAMR) , . , . , , «». ( 2009 ), , 150 /².[27] HAMR- , . , Hitachi 2,33,1 /², Seagate Technology , HAMR- 7,75 /².[28] 20112012 .

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() (. Bit patterned media),  , , , , .

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, / ,
UltraATA/133 1064 0,46 (3,5") / (2,5") 2 40/80 Controller+2Slave,
SATA-300 3000 1 1 7 Host/Slave,
SATA-600 6144 1 7
FireWire/400 400 4,5 ( 72 ) / ( ) 63 4/6 ,
FireWire/800 800 4,5 ( 72 ) 63 4/6 ,
USB 2.0 480 5 ( , , 72 ) / ( ) 127 4 Host/Slave,
USB 3.0 4800 / ( ) 9 , USB 2.0
Ultra-320 SCSI 2560 12 16 50/68 ,
SAS 3000 8 16384 ; SATA- SAS-
eSATA 3000 2 1 ( 15) 7 Host/Slave,

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, . .

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[] (2011)

: (2011)

, , , [35]. Piper Jaffray IV 2011 60-80 180 , 9 2011 10 60 %[36].

1 2011 . Western Digital 2011 .[37]

[] .

[]

  1. Reference Guide Hard Disk Drives  (.).  . 23 2011. 28 2009.
  2. http://www.storagereview.com/guide/histEarly.html Reference Guide  Hard Disk Drives  Early Disk Drives (.)
  3. IBM Archives: IBM 3340 direct access storage facility
  4. Ƹ ?
  5. 1 2 Seagate 4
  6. Medalist 545XE  (.). Seagate (17 1994).( ) 8 2008.(   )
    Medalist 545xe (Seagate ST3660A) : 545,5 1057 ×16 ×63 ×512 = 545 513 472 . 545,5 1000×1000; 1024×1024 520,2.
    Barracuda 7200.9 320 GB PATA hard drive (ST3320833A)  (.). Seagate.  Technical Specifications. 23 2011. 8 2008.
    : 320 625 142 448. (512), 320 072 933 376. «320» 1000³, 1024³ 298.
  7. Seagate.  (.)
  8. http://www.hitachigst.com/hdd/support/15k147/15k147.htm
  9. http://www.seagate.com/products/notebook/momentus.html (   )
  10. Scythe Quiet Drive thg.ru
  11. Toshiba : News Release 1 Oct, 2009
  12. Seagate Samsung | Seagate
  13. . R.LAB (23 210). 3 2012.
  14. 1 2 ( ), 1-3 / / hi-Tech
  15. .  ???. 23 2011.  ???.
  16. UDMA-3000 .  ???. 23 2011.  ???.
  17. X3T10 791D Revision 4c Working Draft  (.). American National Standard for Information Technology  AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives. Technical Committee of the International Committee on Information Technology Standards.  ANSI X3.221  199x. 16 2012.
  18. SCSI
  19. , ST-506/ST-412, 1980- .
  20. IDEMA Announces a New Sector Length Standard.  ??? (22 2006).( ) 18 2009.(   )
  21. The page is no longer available
  22. WD Align Tool
  23. Product Features
  24. Windows Vista support for large-sector hard disk drives. Microsoft (29 2007). 23 2011. 14 2011.
  25. Information about Microsoft support policy for large sector drives in Windows  (.). Microsoft (4 2011). 23 2011. 14 2011.
  26. 2,4 2014 3DNews
  27. TDK 1 3DNews
  28. . , . . :   // « ».  2007.  № 3.
  29. .
  30. Samsung: 1.8" Spinpoint N3U HDD With Native USB (.)
  31. Western Digital Releases 1TB 2.5-inch Laptop Hard Drive (.)
  32. Hardware | | -
  33. -: : 3-
  34. Hitachi 1
  35. . .ru (23 2011 ). 3 2012. 24 2011.
  36. : . .ru (9 2011 ). 3 2012. 9 2011.
  37. WD   -

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