less
 Âûâîä less â X-Òåðìèíàë |
|
| Òèï |
Ñèñòåìíàÿ óòèëèòà |
|---|---|
| Ðàçðàáîò÷èê |
Mark Nudelman |
| Îïåðàöèîííàÿ ñèñòåìà | |
| Ïîñëåäíÿÿ âåðñèÿ | |
| Ëèöåíçèÿ | |
| Ñàéò | |
less â êîíñîëüíàÿ ïðîãðàììà â UNIX-ïîäîáíûõ ñèñòåìàõ èñïîëüçóåìàÿ äëÿ ïðîñìîòðà (íî íå èçìåíåíèÿ) ñîäåðæèìîãî òåêñòîâûõ ôàéëîâ íà ýêðàíå. Îòîáðàæàåò ôàéë ñ âîçìîæíîñòüþ ïðîêðóòêè. Less â óëó÷øåíèå óòèëèòû more. Âîçìîæíà è îáðàòíàÿ ïðîêðóòêà.  îòëè÷èå îò vi (êîòîðûé òàêæå ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ ïðîñìîòðà ôàéëîâ), less íå íóæäàåòñÿ â ÷òåíèè âñåãî ôàéëà ïåðåä ñòàðòîì è â ðåçóëüòàòå áûñòðåå ðàáîòàåò ñ áîëüøèìè ôàéëàìè. Ñèíòàêñèñ êîìàíäû:
less [ïàðàìåòðû] <èìÿ_ôàéëà>
less ìîæíî âûçûâàòü ñ ïàðàìåòðàìè èçìåíÿþùèìè ïîâåäåíèå, äëÿ ïðèìåðà, ÷èñëî ëèíèé äëÿ îòîáðàæåíèÿ îäíîãî ýêðàíà. Ýòè ïàðàìåòðû ìîãóò âàðüèðîâàòü â ðàçíûõ Unix ñèñòåìàõ.  òî âðåìÿ êîãäà less îòîáðàæàåò ôàéë ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ðàçëè÷íûå êîìàíäû íàâèãàöèè. Ýòè êîìàíäû áàçèðóþòñÿ íà òåõ, êîòîðûå èñïîëüçóþò more è vi âìåñòå âçÿòûå. Òàêæå âîçìîæåí ïîèñê â ôàéëå.
Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ, less îòîáðàæàåò ñîäåðæèìîå ñòàíäàðòíîãî âûâîäà. Åñëè âûâîä ïåðåíàïðàâëÿåòñÿ íà äðóãîé òåðìèíàë, äëÿ ïðèìåðà pipe èç äðóãîé êîìàíäû, less âåä¸ò ñåáÿ êàê cat.
less áûë íàïèñàí Mark Nudelman (àíãë.) è ñåé÷àñ âêëþ÷¸í â ïðîåêò GNU. Ýòà êîìàíäà âêëþ÷åíà âî ìíîãèå Unix ñèñòåìû.
[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè
- Îôèöèàëüíàÿ äîìàøíÿÿ ñòðàíèöà (àíãë.)
- Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ man-ñòðàíèöà (àíãë.)
| Ñòàíäàðòíûå ïðîãðàììû UNIX (âñå ïðîãðàììû) | |
|---|---|
| Ôàéëîâûå ñèñòåìû | chroot dd df fdisk fsck mkisofs mkswap mount umount rehash |
| Ôàéëû è êàòàëîãè | cat chattr cd chmod chown chgrp cksum cmp cp diff du file fuser ln ls lsof mkdir mv od pwd rm rmdir split touch |
| Ïðîöåññû | at cron exit kill killall nice nohup pgrep pidof pkill ps renice sleep time top wait watch |
| Ïîëüçîâàòåëè | env finger id last logname mesg passwd su sudo uptime w wall who whoami write |
| Ñåòü | ftp host ifconfig netcat netstat nmap nslookup ping rlogin SSH traceroute wget |
| Òåêñòû | AWK comm cut ed ex expand unexpand fmt head iconv join less more paste pr sed sort tac tail tr uniq wc xargs |
| Êîìàíäíàÿ ñòðîêà | alias basename bash bind dirname echo expr false printf test true unset |
| Ïîèñê | find grep strings whereis which |
| Ðàçíîå | banner bc cal date help lp man history size tee uname yes reboot |
