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́ (. Mammalia) , ( ) (, ). 5000[1] 5416[2] , 380[3] .
(. Theria) , ( , , ), (. Prototheria). .
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, . , , . , , , . , , , [4].
[]
Mammalia
- Prototheria
- Theria
- Metatheria (Marsupialia)
- Eutheria
[]
. 1945 . [1]:
- Unguiculata: Insectivora ( Macroscelididae), Dermoptera, Chiroptera, Primates (. Tupaiidae), Edentata, Pholidota
- Glires: Lagomorpha, Rodentia
- Mutica: Cetacea
- Ferungulata: Carnivora (. Pinnipedia), Tubulidentata, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Sirenia, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla
Pantotheria Theria, , , .
[] -
1997 . . , Mammalia, [1].
Mammalia
- Prototheria ()
- Theriiformes
- Allotheria
- Triconodonta
- Holotheria
- Theria
- Marsupialia ()
- Australidelphia ( )
- Ameridelphia ( )
- Placentalia
- Xenarthra ()
- Epitheria
- Anagalida: Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Macroscelididae
- Ferae: Carnivora, Pholidota, Creodonta .
- Lipotyphla: Insectivora
- Archonta: Dermoptera, Chiroptera, Primates, Scandentia
- Ungulata ()
- Tubulidentata (incertae sedis)
- Eparctocyona: Condylarthra, Cetacea, Artiodactyla
- Meridiungulata ( )
- Altungulata: Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Sirenia, Perissodactyla
- Marsupialia ()
- Theria
[]
. , [6]. , :
- Afrotheria;
- (Xenarthra);
- Euarchontoglires;
- Laurasiatheria
Boreoeutheria. , (Afrotheria, Xenarthra Boreoeutheria) , . : 1) Afrotheria, Xenarthra Boreoeutheria Exafroplacentalia; 2) Xenarthra, Afrotheria Boreoeutheria Epitheria; 3) Boreoeutheria, Afrotheria Xenarthra Atlantogenata[7].
Eutheria
-
- I: Afrotheria
- Afroinsectiphilia
- Macroscelidea: ()
- Afrosoricida: ()
- Tubulidentata: ()
- Paenungulata
- Hyracoidea: ( )
- Proboscidea: (, - )
- Sirenia: (, )
- Afroinsectiphilia
- II: Xenarthra
- I: Afrotheria
- Boreoeutheria
- III: Euarchontoglires
- Euarchonta
- Scandentia: (- )
- Dermoptera: (- )
- Primates: , , ()
- Glires
- Lagomorpha: , (, , )
- Rodentia: ()
- Euarchonta
- IV: Laurasiatheria
- Erinaceomorpha: (, )
- Soricomorpha: , , (, , )
- Ferungulata
- Cetartiodactyla
- Cetacea: , ()
- Artiodactyla: ( , )
- Pegasoferae
- Chiroptera: ()
- Zooamata
- Perissodactyla: ( , , )
- Ferae
- Cetartiodactyla
- III: Euarchontoglires
[]
, -, . , ( ) ( ), ( ). (160172 ) , [8].
, ( ) , , , [9].
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: , , , . . . 10-24, 2-9, 1-9 . : 4 ( ) 46.
: , , . .
, , , . . . , . 7 , . ( ). , . .
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. . . , . , . : 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. .
- , . , , . , «», . , , , .
, , , ( , ). - , , , (, ) , (, ). , , , , , . , . «» . : ( ) - .
, , . . , : . «» . «tapetum lucidum» (). . , . . , . , . , , , . , , ( ) , . - , 20% . . . . , (, ), . , . , , , .
. , . , () . . , , . - , ( ) . , . , . «» 20, . , «» . , , 20 . 5 2, 200 . , , .
( , (, ), , / ). - , . , .
[]
- , . : , , , , , , .
, . , . . (, ), , . . , , 60 . .
.
. , . , , [10].
[] .
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- 1 2 3 4 . . . .: - , 2003. 297 . ISSN 0134-8647
- (.) Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.) ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 [1]
- . ., . ., . . . . .: - . 2002. 298 . ISBN 5-87317-094-0
- . . . : , 1989. 318 . ISBN 5-339-00144-X
- Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Capzaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy: Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, 565 pp. ISBN 0-03-025034-X
- Center for Cancer Research Lab Pages
- Nishihara H, Maruyama S, Okada N Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of mammals // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009. . 106. № 13. . 52355240.
- «» 160
- . . : . .: , 2004. 312 . 10 000 . ISBN 5-93196-477-0
- . . // , . 3- . .: «», 1994. . 161. ( ). 250 000 . ISBN 5-244-00740-8
[]
- ( . . .). .: , 1989.
- . . : 3 . . 1: . .: , 1992. 524 .
- . . 6. ( - . . ). .: , 1971. 628 .
- . . = Principles and methods of age determination of mammals. .: . . , 2007. 283 .
[]
- Mammal Species of the World
- Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds et al. (29 March 2007). «The delayed rise of present-day mammals». Nature 446: 507512. DOI:10.1038/nature05634. www.nature.com.
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