Marduk

Marduk
Marduk íà ôåñòèâàëå Metalmania, 2008 ãîä
Îñíîâíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ
Æàíð	áëýê-ìåòàë
Ãîäû	ñ 1990
Ñòðàíà	Øâåöèÿ
Îòêóäà	Íîðð÷¸ïèíã
Ëåéáëû	Blooddawn Productions Regain Record No Fashion Records Osmose Productions
Ñîñòàâ	Morgan Devo Lars Mortuus
Áûâøèå ó÷àñòíèêè	Dread Rickard Kalm Af Gravf B. War Fredrik Andersson Kim Osara Legion
Äðóãèå ïðîåêòû	Abruptum Funeral Mist
MARDUK / Stonehard Design

Marduk («Ìàðäóê») â øâåäñêàÿ áëýê-ìåòàë-ãðóïïà, îáðàçîâàííàÿ â 1990 ãîäó. Íàçâàíèå ãðóïïû íàâåÿíî èìåíåì âåðõîâíîãî áîæåñòâà âàâèëîíñêîãî ïàíòåîíà Ìàðäóêà. Ñàòàíèçì è áëýê-ìåòàë, ïî ñëîâàì ó÷àñòíèêîâ ãðóïïû, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå èìèäæåì, à îáðàçîì æèçíè, èõ ñóùíîñòüþ.Ãðóïïà ïðè÷èñëÿåò ñåáÿ ê ýëèòå áëýê-ìåòàë ñöåíû.

Èñòîðèÿ

1990â1994

Ìóçûêàëüíûé êîëëåêòèâ Marduk áûë îñíîâàí â 1990 ãîäó Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson è òîãäà íîñèë íàçâàíèå God.  ñåíòÿáðå òîãî æå ãîäà íàçâàíèå ãðóïïû áûëî ñìåíåíî íà íûíåøíåå, êðîìå òîãî ê ãðóïïå âñêîðå ïðèìêíóë âòîðîé ó÷àñòíèê Joakim Göthberg, áîëåå èçâåñòíûé ïîä ïñåâäîíèìîì Af Gravf.  1991 ãîäó ãîòîâ óæå ïåðâûé ìóçûêàëüíûé ìàòåðèàë â âèäå äåìîçàïèñè, âûøåäøåé â 11 èþíÿ. Äåìî ïîëó÷èëî áîãîõóëüíîå íàçâàíèå Fuck Me Jesus è ðàçîøëîñü òèðàæîì áîëåå 1000 ýêçåìïëÿðîâ.Êðîìå òîãî äåìî, â áîëüøèíñòâå ñâî¸ì, áûëî õîðîøî ïðèíÿòî êðèòèêàìè.  çàïèñè äåìî ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson â ãèòàðà, Af Gravf â óäàðíûå, Rickard Kalm â áàñ è Andreas Axelsoon â âîêàë.  1992 ãîäó áûë ïîäïèñàí äîãîâîð ñ ëåéáëîì No Fashion Records è â êîíöå 1992 ãîäà âûøåë äåáþòíûé àëüáîì ãðóïïû ïîä íàçâàíèåì Dark Endless. Ê ýòîìó ìîìåíòó â ãðóïïó ïðèø¸ë âòîðîé ãèòàðèñò Devo Andersson, à òàêæå ñìåíèëñÿ áàñèñò íà Bogge Svensson. Àëüáîì ðàñïðîñòðàíÿëñÿ äîâîëüíî ïëîõî, ïî÷òè íå ðåêëàìèðîâàëñÿ, ê òîìó æå âûõîä åãî áûë çàäåðæàí.  èòîãå Marduk ïåðåáðàëèñü íà íîâûé ëåéáë Osmose Productions. Âñêîðå ïîñëåäîâàëè î÷åðåäíûå ñìåíû ñîñòàâà â èç-çà óõîäà âîêàëèñòà ïåòü ïðèøëîñü óäàðíèêó Af Gravf( íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ Joakim Gothberg, ïîçæå îðãàíèçîâàë ïðîåêò Dimension Zero ñ áûâøèìè ãèòàðèñòàìè In Flames - Jesper Stromblad è Glenn Ljungstrom).

 1993 ãîäó âûõîäèò âòîðîé àëüáîì ãðóïïû ïîä íàçâàíèåì Those of the Unlight, êîòîðûé áûë çàïèñàí â ñòóäèè Unisound Studio âìåñòå ñ Äàíîì Ñâàí¸. Àëüáîì çàñëóæèë ìíîæåñòâî âûñîêèõ îöåíîê.  êîíöå ãîäà ãðóïïà ñîâåðøèëà òóðíå ïî ðîäíîé Øâåöèè. Âåñíîé 1994 ãîäà Marduk íà÷èíàþò çàïèñü òðåòüåãî àëüáîìà, ëåòîì âìåñòå ñ Immortal ó÷àñòâóþò â òóðå ïî ñòðàíàì Åâðîïû.  êîíöå 1994 ãîäà íàêîíåö âûõîäèò Opus Nocturne, à â ãðóïïå îïÿòü ìåíÿåòñÿ ñîñòàâ â óõîäèò âòîðîé ãèòàðèñò Devo Andersson, Af Gravf ñòàë âîêàëèñòîì, à ìåñòî áàðàáàíùèêà çàíÿë Frederik Andersson. Òàêæå ïîä êîíåö ãîäà ëåéáëîì Osmose Productions ïåðåèçäà¸òñÿ ïåðâîå äåìî Fuck Me Jesus ñ äîáàâëåíèåì äâóõ êîìïîçèöèé â intro è outro.  ïîääåðæêó ïåðåèçäàíèÿ, áûëè âûïóùåíû ôóòáîëêè ñ èçîáðàæåíèåì îáëîæêè äåìîçàïèñè.

1995 â

 1995 ãîäó âûõîäèò ñáîðíèê êîìïîçèöèé â ñòèëå áëýê-ìåòàë, ñðåäè ïðî÷èõ íà êîòîðûé âîøëà êîìïîçèöèÿ Autumnal Reaper ñ àëüáîìà Opus Nocturne.  ýòîì ãîäó ãðóïïà ïðåòåðïåâàëà áîëüøèå ïðîáëåìû ñ ëåéáëîì è ñîñòàâîì â íà ñìåíó óøåäøåìó Af Gravf ÿâèëñÿ Legion.  1996 ãîäó íàêîíåö âûõîäèò î÷åðåäíîé àëüáîì â Heaven Shall Burnâ When We Are Gathered. Àëüáîì îòëè÷àëñÿ î÷åíü âûñîêîé ñêîðîñòüþ è êà÷åñòâåííîé ðàáîòîé íîâîãî âîêàëèñòà.  ýòîì æå ãîäó âûõîäèò EP Glorification, íà êîòîðûé âîøëè ðåìèêñ êîìïîçèöèè Glorification of the Black God, à òàêæå êàâåð-âåðñèè êîìïîçèöèé ãðóïï Destruction, Piledriver è Bathory.  1997 ãîäó ïîñëåäîâàëè ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå êîíöåðòû, â îñíîâíîì ïî ñòðàíàì Åâðîïû, ÷òî ÿâèëîñü ïðè÷èíîé çàïèñè è âûïóñêà ïåðâîãî êîíöåðòíîãî àëüáîìà ãðóïïû Live in Germania. Âî âðåìÿ êîíöåðòîâ â ðîëè âòîðîãî ãèòàðèñòà âûñòóïàë Ïåòåð Òýãòãðåí èç Hypocrisy.  ìàå 1998 ãîäà âûøåë Nightwing, îòëè÷àþùèéñÿ áîëåå ðîâíûì è ìåíåå ñêîðîñòíûì çâó÷àíèåì.

Âîêàëèñò Mortuus â õîäå îäíîãî èç êîíöåðòîâ â 2007 ãîäó

Òåìàòèêà ëèðèêè

Àëüáîì 1998 ãîäà Nightwing â êîíöåïòóàëüíûé, î æèçíè Âëàäà III Öåïåøà, áîëåå èçâåñòíîãî êàê Ãðàô Äðàêóëà.

Òåìà Âòîðîé ìèðîâîé âîéíû è Òðåòüåãî ðåéõà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñ 1999 ãîäà (àëüáîì Panzer Division Marduk). Èíòåðåñ ê ýòîé òåìå äîñòàòî÷íî áûñòðî ðîñ ñðåäè ôýíîâ Marduk, ãðóïïà âûïóñêàëà âñ¸ áîëüøå è áîëüøå ïåñåí, ïîñâÿùåííûõ ò¸ìíûì, íî çàõâàòûâàþùèì ãëàâàì ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé èñòîðèè. Íàïðèìåð: The Hangman of Prague (êëè÷êà ïðàæñêîãî «ðåéõñïðîòåêòîðà» Ðåéíõàðäà Ãåéäðèõà), Night of the Long Knives (Íî÷ü äëèííûõ íîæåé), Deathmarch è äðóãèå. Íî íàäî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî Marduk, ïîþùèå î íàöèñòñêîé Ãåðìàíèè, íå îòíîñÿò ñåáÿ ê ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿì NSBM è íå îäîáðÿþò å¸ âîñõâàëåíèÿ èëè îïðàâäàíèÿ.

Àëüáîì Rom 5:12 â âûøåë â 2007 ãîäó. Åãî íàçâàíèå çíà÷èò «Ïîñëàíèå ê Ðèìëÿíàì, ãëàâà 5, ñòèõ 12».

Ïîñëåäíèé íà ñåé äåíü ðåëèç Wormwood â 2009 ãîä.

Ñòîëêíîâåíèÿ ñ îáùåñòâåííîñòüþ

Áîëüøèå ïðîáëåìû èìåëà ãðóïïà ñ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì CD ñ äåìîçàïèñüþ Fuck Me Jesus èç-çà ñâîåé ñêàíäàëüíî-áîãîõóëüíîé îáëîæêè.  ÷àñòíîñòè â Ãåðìàíèè âñå êðóïíûå ñåòè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ìóçûêè îáúÿâèëè áîéêîò íà ðåëèç.  èòîãå ðåëèç ìîæíî áûëî êóïèòü ëèøü ÷åðåç ïî÷òîâóþ äèñòðèáüþöèþ.

Ñîñòàâ

Òåêóùèé ñîñòàâ

• Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson â ãèòàðà (1990â) (ABRUPTUM, DEVILS WHOREHOUSE)
• Devo (Magnus Andersson) â ãèòàðà (1992â1994); áàñ (2004â)
• Lars Broddesson â óäàðíûå (2006â)
• Mortuus â âîêàë (2003â) (FUNERAL MIST, TRIUMPHATOR)

Ãèòàðèñò Morgan Håkansson íà îäíîì èç êîíöåðòîâ âî Ôðàíöèè â 2007 ãîäó

Áûâøèå ó÷àñòíèêè

Âîêàë

• Dread (Andreas Axelsson) (1990â1993) (EDGE OF SANITY)
• Af Gravf (Joakim Göthberg) (1993â1995) (DIMENSION ZERO, GRIMORIUM)
• Legion (Erik Hagstedt) (1995â2003) (OPHTHALAMIA, DEVIAN,WITCHERY)

Ãèòàðà

• Kim Osara (1995â1996)

Áàñ

• Rickard Kalm (1990â1992)
• B. War (Bogge Svensson) (1992â2004) (ALLEGIANCE)

Óäàðíûå

• Af Gravf (Joakim Göthberg) (1990â1993)
• Fredrik Andersson (1993â2002) ALLEGIANCE)
• Emil Dragutinovic (2002â2006) (THE LEGION, DEVIAN)

Èçäàíèÿ

Àóäèî

Ïîëíîôîðìàòíûå àëüáîìû

Ãîä	Íàçâàíèå	Ëåéáë	Ëåéáë ïåðåèçäàíèÿ
1992	Dark Endless	No Fashion Records	Blooddawn Productions
1993	Those of the Unlight	Osmose Productions	Regain Records
1994	Opus Nocturne	Osmose Productions
1996	Heaven Shall Burnâ When We Are Gathered	Osmose Productions	Blooddawn Productions
1998	Nightwing	Osmose Productions
1999	Panzer Division Marduk	Osmose Productions
2001	La Grande Danse Macabre	Blooddawn Productions
2003	World Funeral	Blooddawn Productions
2004	Plague Angel	Blooddawn Productions
2007	Rom 5:12	Blooddawn Productions
2009	Wormwood	Regain Records
2012	Serpent Sermon	Century Media Records

Ìèíè-àëüáîìû

• Glorification (1996)
• Here's No Peace (1997)
• Obedience (2000)
• Deathmarch (2004)
• Iron Dawn (2011)

Ñèíãëû

• Hearse (2003)
• Souls for Belial (2012)

Äåìî

Demo # 1 áûëî èçäàíî â 1991-ì ãîäó íà êàññåòå, à â 1995-ì â ïåðåèçäàíî ëåéáëîì Osmose Productions íà CD ïîä íàçâàíèåì Fuck me Jesus è â íîâîé îáëîæêå.

Êîíöåðòíûå àëüáîìû

• Live in Germania (1997)
• Infernal Eternal (2000)
• Warschau (2005) (ïîñâÿù¸í 15-ëåòèþ ãðóïïû; CD â 10000 êîïèé, LP â 500 êîïèé)

Ñáîðíèêè

• Blackcrowned (2002) (box set)

Âèäåî

• Funeral Marches and Warsongs (DVD) (2004)
• Blackcrowned (DVD) (2005)
• Blood Puke Salvation (DVD) (2006)

Ññûëêè

• Îôèöèàëüíàÿ ñòðàíèöà Marduk (àíãë.) íà ñàéòå Myspace
• Marduk (àíãë.) íà ñàéòå Encyclopaedia Metallum
• Ïðîôèëü Marduk íà Last.fm
• Îò÷åò è ôîòîãðàôèè ñ êîíöåðòà Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã 4 ìàÿ 2010 ãîäà