OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library , API) , , .
250 . , , , . Windows Direct3D.
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, OpenGL , , . , . , . - , . (conformance tests ) OpenGL . , , , .
OpenGL Windows, Unix-, PlayStation 3 Mac OS. . OpenGL, Mesa. Mesa «» OpenGL, .
OpenGL ARB (Architecture Review Board), 1992 . , API. OpenGL, ARB 2004 SGI, 3Dlabs, Matrox Evans & Sutherland ( ), ATI NVIDIA, Intel, IBM, Apple, Dell, Hewlett-Packard Sun Microsystems, id Software. Microsoft, , 2003 . , , OpenGL ARB . , , OpenGL .
(Kurt Akeley) (Mark Segal) OpenGL. (Chris Frazier) 1.1. (Jon Leech) 1.2 2.0.
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OpenGL :
- 3D-, API.
- , .
OpenGL , / . (graphics pipeline), . OpenGL : , .
OpenGL API, , ( ). , ( ), . , , .
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OpenGL, , . : , , , . , . , NVIDIA NV, , , , glCombinerParameterfvNV(), , GL_NORMAL_MAP_NV. , . EXT, , glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT. , ARB, ARB . , , ARB, OpenGL.
.[1]
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, OpenGL. , GLU, OpenGL , , . , , , GLUT SDL, , OpenGL. (, , .), ( , OpenGL), / (, .), . , - , , WGL Windows GLX X Window System, GLUT SDL -, .
GLEW (The OpenGL Extension Wrangler Library) GLEE (The OpenGL Easy Extension library) OpenGL. Windows, , Visual Studio, OpenGL 1.1.
OpenGL (, , ) . . OpenGL , Open Inventor VTK. , .
GLM (OpenGL Mathematics) , C++ . 3D- OpenGL.[2] GLM , GLSL. GLM MIT.
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(binding) OpenGL . Java 3D, OpenGL. Lightweight Java Game Library[3], OpenGL Java. Sun Java OpenGL (JOGL), - OpenGL, Java 3D, . OpenGL Java, 90, Perl, Pike, Python, Ada, Visual Basic Pascal.[4] OpenGL C++ C#.[5]
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. 1990- , , ́ . , . .
Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI) . , SGI . .
1992 SGI OpenGL ARB OpenGL. OpenGL 3D- SGI IRIS GL. IRIS GL , , ; , . OpenGL , , .
1995 Direct3D Microsoft. Microsoft, SGI Hewlett-Packard Fahrenheit, Direct3D OpenGL. , , , SGI , .
[] OpenGL 2.0
2001 3DLabs OpenGL 2.0. , DirectX OpenGL ( OpenGL), , . OpenGL 2.0 3Dlabs OpenGL. 3Dlabs , OpenGL GLSL (OpenGL Shading Language). OpenGL , , bump mapping, normal mapping, parallax mapping, HDR . .
, OpenGL GLSL ( vertex_program, fragment_program) Cg (NVidia C for Graphics). OpenGL 2.0, .
[] OpenGL 3.0
11 2008 Khronos Group OpenGL.[6]
: Radeon HD ; GeForce 8, 9, GTX 100, GTX 200, GTX 300 GTX 400 .
[] OpenGL 3.1
24 2009 Khronos Group OpenGL 3.1. , , OpenGL 3.0 API ( GL_ARB_compatibility extension).
[] OpenGL 3.2
3 2009 Khronos Group OpenGL 3.2. OpenGL, GPU.
: Radeon HD; GeForce 8000, 9000, GTX 200 400.
:
- OpenGL Shading Language 1.50 (GLSL).
- BGRA (GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra) 4- RGBA.
- (GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex) ( ) ( ).
- (GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions) ( OpenGL DirectX).
- «» (GL_ARB_provoking_vertex) .
- (GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map).
- (GL_ARB_texture_multisample).
- (GL_ARB_depth_clamp) .
- (GL_ARB_geometry_shader4).
- Fence sync objects (GL_ARB_sync) .
[] OpenGL 3.3
OpenGL 4.0 11 2010 . OpenGL 4.0 .
[] OpenGL 4.0
11 2010 Khronos Group OpenGL 4.0 GLSL 4.0. OpenGL 4.0 OpenGL, OpenGL 3.2.[7]
[8]:
[] OpenGL 4.1
26 2010 , Khronos Group OpenGL 4.1. GLSL (GL Shading language) 4.10.
:
- OpenGL ES 2.0 API
- 64- ( )
:
- Sync- OpenGL, event- OpenCL
- (stencil)
- , WebGL
[] OpenGL 4.2
8 2011 Khronos Group OpenGL 4.2 GLSL 4.2[9].
:
- ( --)
- GPU
- , GPU
- 8- 16- 32- c .
[] .
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- Registry (redirect)
- GLSL + Optional features = OpenGL Mathematics (GLM). A C++ mathematics library for 3D graphics (.)
- LWJGL (.) OpenGL- Java
- Programming Language Bindings to OpenGL
- Exocortex | Computer graphics and simulation software
- The Khronos Group announced today it has released the OpenGL 3.0 specification (.). opengl.org (11 2008). 25 2011. 5 2009.
- Khronos Unleashes Cutting-Edge, Cross-Platform Graphics Acceleration with OpenGL 4.0. Khronos Press Releases (11 2010). 25 2011. 11 2010.
- OpenGL 4.0. OpenNet (???). 25 2011. ???.
- Khronos Enriches Cross-Platform 3D Graphics with Release of OpenGL 4.2 Specificatio. Khronos Group (08 2011). 25 2011. ???.
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- Ron Fosner. OpenGL Programming for Windows 95 and Windows NT. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-40709-4
- Mark Kilgard. OpenGL for the X Window System. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-48359-9
- OpenGL Architecture Review Board . OpenGL Reference Manual: The Official Reference Document to OpenGL, Version 1.4. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-17383-X
- Randi J. Rost. OpenGL Shading Language. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-19789-5
- OpenGL Architecture Review Board . OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL, Version 2, Fifth Edition. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-33573-2
- ., ., ., . OpenGL. . . , 2006. ISBN 5-94723-827-6
- . . OpenGL. . . , 2005. ISBN 5-469-00383-3, 0-321-19789-5
- Richard S. Wright, Benjamin Lipchak. OpenGL SuperBible. 3rd ed. SAMS Publishing. ISBN 0-672-32601-9
- . ., . OpenGL. = OpenGL SuperBible. 3 . .: , 2006. . 1040. ISBN 5-8459-0998-8
- , . . OpenGL = Computer Graphics with OpenGL. 3- . .: , 2005. 1168 . ISBN 5-8459-0772-1
- . . OpenGL = Interactive Computer Graphics. A Top-Down Approach with Open GL. 2- . .: , 2001. 592 . ISBN 5-8459-0209-6
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| . |
- (.)
- OpenGL (.)
- 3Dlabs OpenGL( )
- OGL 4.1 G-Truc (.)
- OpenGL 2.0: ,
- ,
- OpenGL Open Directory Project (dmoz). (.) OpenGL.
- OpenGL Directory (.) , OpenGL
- GPU (.)
- OpenGL GameDev.net (.)
- OpenGL NeHe (.)
- 3D- OpenGL (.)
- (.)
- OpenGL (.) OpenGL Steve Baker
- JOGL (.) OpenGL- Java
- OpenGL Delphi
- OpenGL. (.)
- OpenGL http://openglsamples.sourceforge.net/ (.)
- OpenGL 3 (.)
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