Oz ( )
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Gert Smolka & his students |
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Oz 1991 Gert Smolka . 1996 Seif Haridi Peter Van Roy (Swedish Institute of Computer Science), Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming[1]. 1999 2005 - (Mozart Consortium), : (Saarland University), (Swedish Institute of Computer Science) .
Mozart 2005 (Mozart Board) . Mozart Consortium () , Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, Microsoft Windows Mac OS X.
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Oz , , ( , «» ), , -, , . , Oz , .
, , . , , . Oz (computation spaces), . , .
[]
[]
:
- ( )
- ( ):
circle(x:0 y:1 radius:3 color:blue style:dots) - ( ):
'|'(2 '|'(4 '|'(6 '|'(8 nil)))) 2|(4|(6|(8|nil))) % 2|4|6|8|nil % [2 4 6 8] %
(first class), .
[]
, :
fun {Fact N} %
if N =< 0 then 1 else N*{Fact N-1} end
end
fun {Comb N K} %
{Fact N} div ({Fact K} * {Fact N-K}) %
end
fun {SumList List} %
case List of nil then 0
[] H|T then H+{SumList T} %
end
end
[]
, , :
thread
Z = X+Y % , X Y
{Browse Z} % Z
end
thread X = 40 end
thread Y = 2 end
, , :
X = 1 X = 2 % error
, :
fun {Ints N Max}
if N == Max then nil
else
{Delay 1000}
N|{Ints N+1 Max}
end
end
fun {Sum S Stream}
case Stream of nil then S
[] H|T then S|{Sum H+S T} end
end
local X Y in
thread X = {Ints 0 1000} end
thread Y = {Sum 0 X} end
{Browse Y}
end
, , , , . : , 100 000 [2].
[] Oz
[]
. , :
fun {Sieve Xs}
case Xs of nil then nil
[] X|Xr then Ys in
thread Ys = {Filter Xr fun {$ Y} Y mod X \= 0 end} end
X|{Sieve Ys}
end
end
[]
, Oz , .. :
fun lazy {Fact N}
if N =< 0 then 1 else N*{Fact N-1} end
end
local X Y in
X = {Fact 100}
Y = X + 1 % X,
end
[]
:
declare
local Stream Port in
Port = {NewPort Stream}
{Send Port 1} % Stream is now 1|_ ('_' indicates an unbound and unnamed variable)
{Send Port 2} % Stream is now 1|2|_
...
{Send Port n} % Stream is now 1|2| .. |n|_
end
:
fun {NewAgent Init Fun}
Msg Out in
thread {FoldL Msg Fun Init Out} end
{NewPort Msg}
end
[]
- ; Cells, :
local A X in
A = {NewCell 0}
A := 1 % changes the value of A to 1
X = @A % @ is used to access the value of A
end
- :
class Counter
attr val
meth init(Value)
val:=Value
end
meth browse
{Browse @val}
end
meth inc(Value)
val :=@val+Value
end
end
local C in
C = {New Counter init(0)}
{C inc(6)}
{C browse}
end
[] Oz,
:
+ --- =0 .
:
local Fut Res in
proc {Fut C}
F#U#T#B#O#L#G#R#A = C
in
C ::: 0#9
{FD.distinct C}
F \=: 0
B \=: 0
100 * F + 10* U + T + 100*B + 10*O + L =: 100*G + 10*R + A
{FD.distribute ff C}
end
{SearchAll Fut Res}
{Browse Res}
end
.
[] .
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[]
- The Mozart Programming System
- Strasheela « », Oz / Mozart
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