GNU Free Documentation License . .

Perl

: ,
Perl
Perl logo.png
:

: , -,

:

:

1987
():

:

.pl, .pm, .cgi
:

5.14.2 / 26 2011
:

5.14.3 / 21 2011
:

:

, AWK, Shell, Sed,

:

Ruby, Python, PHP

Perl  , , . , Practical Extraction and Report Language  « »[1]. pearl («»). , (. PEARL (.)), «a» . Perl   , , .

, , . , AWK, UNIX.

Perl CPAN, http://www.cpan.org.

[]

[]

Perl 1987 , Unisys[2]. 1.0 comp.sources.misc 18 1987 [3] « awk sed».

Perl 2 1988 . . Perl 3, 1989 , .

, Perl ( ) man-. 1991 «Programming Perl» ( « » (Camel Book) - ), , -, . , «» 4  , , , , .

[] Perl 5

Perl 4 , Perl 4.036 1993 . , Perl 4 Perl 5. Perl 5 1994 . perl5-porters Perl 5 . , Perl 5[4].

Perl 5.000 17 1994 .[5] , , , , , (my $var_name) . , . , , Perl- . Perl 5 .

Perl 5.001 13 1995 . Perl 5.002 29 1996 . , , Perl. Perl 5.003 25 1996 .

Perl 5 . 26 1995 CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network  « Perl»), Perl, . 20 000 , 8 000 [6].

Perl 5.004 15 1997 , , UNIVERSAL, , . . Perl Microsoft Windows, .

Perl 5.005 22 1998 . , B::*, qr// , , , , BeOS.

[] C 2000

Perl 5.6 22 2000 . 64- , , ( 2 ) «our»[7][8]. Perl 5.6 . 5.005_63 5.5.640; , ,   .

2000 Perl. 361 RFC (Request for Comments  « »), Perl 6. 2001 [9] , Perl. , RFC. Perl 6 .

Perl 5.8 18 2002 . Perl 5.8  5.8.9 14 2008 . Perl 5.8 , /, , [10].

2004 C (Synopsis)  , , . Perl 6. 2005 Audrey Tang Pugs[11]  Perl 6, Haskell[12]. Perl 6 . 2006 .

18 2007 , 20- Perl 1.0, Perl 5.10.0. , Perl 6. switch ( «given»/«when»), , «» «~~»[13][14].

Perl 6, Rakudo Perl [15], Parrot. C 2009 Rakudo Perl Perl 6.

Perl 5 Perl 5.11. , .

12 2010 Perl 5.12.0 . package NAME VERSION, Yada Yada ( -, ), 2038 (Y2038), , DTrace ( ), Unicode 5.2[16]. 7 2010 Perl 5.12.2. , [17].

, 26 2011   Perl 5.14.2[18].

[] Perl 6

: Perl 6

2000 (6-) . , . Perl 6, . perl6.ru.

[]

Perl  , , , , -, , , , .

( , , ), (, )[19]. (, - ), ( , ), , .

, Perl .   « » («Theres more than one way to do it»), TMTOWTDI.   « ,   » («Easy things should be easy and hard things should be possible»).

[]

Perl . Perl  , , , , , .

Perl UNIX. , (, , , ). , . Perl , , , .

Perl Lisp, AWK sed, AWK (« »). , .

Perl 5 , ( ) . , , , , (, strict). , Perl 5, «» (package) . , « Perl 5 Perl, »[20].

Perl . , , .   ,   , .

[] Perl

Perl , AWK, sed Bourne shell.

«#!///Perl [-]»  Perl UNIX -.   shell, Perl , .

[]

«Hello, world!» :

#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Hello, world!\n";

CGI:

#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
print "Hello, world!";

post modern web-framework

use Mojolicious::Lite;
get '/' => {text => 'Hello World!'};
app->start;

PSGI 

my $app = sub {
    return [200, ['Content-Type' => 'text/plain'], ["hello, world\n"]];
}

.

$x = 5;
$x .= 0;
print $x; #50

.

print 1, 0 x 100;

[]

: , , -, , , . , :

$ $foo ; , , , .
@ @foo .
- % %foo -; ,   .   .
$foo FOO , / .
& &foo , , .
* *foo 'foo'.

[]

  • . , . '$'. ( , , ) . ,
$x = 10; # 
$y = $x + 1; #  $x  
$z = $x . 'string'; #      
$ref = \$x;  # $ref    $x
$$ref = 0; # $x   0

. Perl   . , , . :

##      
 
$pi             = 3.141592654;
$var1           = ' Pi - $pi\n';  
print $var1;                                                 #  Pi - $pi\n
$var2           = " Pi - $pi\n";
print $var2;                                                 #  Pi - 3.141592654

, ,   \".   \'. , Perl . , q ( ) qq ( ):

##    
 
$pi       = 3.141592654;
$link1    = q{<a href="/Pi">$pi</a>};
print $link1;                                              # <a href="/Pi">$pi</a>
$link2    = qq{<a href="/Pi">$pi</a>};
print $link2;                                              # <a href="/Pi">3.141592654</a>

Perl  . , Perl.   \n:

##        UNIX
 
$space          = `du -s -k /usr/local/bin`;
print $space;                                   # 6264  /usr/local/bin
 
$sysuptime      = `uptime`;     
print $sysuptime;                               # 2:24  up 1 day,  9:05, 1 user, load averages: 0.26 0.32 0.33

[]

  • . , . , 0. - '@', '$', . , .
@array = (1,2,3,4); #    @array  
print $array[2]; #   
print @array[2,3]; #     .
#   @,         .

[] -

  • - , ( ) (). , - . - '%', '$'.

- , (, ).

%hash = (
            'cat' => 'kitten',  #  => -    " ", 
            'dog' => 'puppy',   #         ",".
            'cow' => 'calf'
        );
print $hash{'cat'}; # kitten
print join("-", keys %hash) ; #   .  cat-dog-cow 
print join("-", values %hash) ; #   .  kitten-puppy-calf
print join("-", %hash) ; #  cat-kitten-cow-calf-dog-puppy,       
#    (, ).       ,
#        .

[]

  • . - . return, . return , undef, .
sub printTwo{
 print 2;
}
 
sub three{
 3;
}
 
$s = \&three;
print &$s; # 3
 
$s = \&printTwo; #    $s    -         .
print &$s; # 21. `2`   ,  `1`  ,   printTwo
print &printTwo #

[]

  • . . constant, . :
use constant MY => 2;
print MY;

[]

  •   , , , , , PIPE , , .

:

$s = <STDIN>; #     STDIN (  );  .
@values = <FILE>; #          FILE ;  .
print STDOUT $s; #  STDOUT (  )

Perl , .

, , . , Perl.

[]

Perl , , (). bless. Perl .   , .

, « », cpan- Moose / Mouse, MooseX::Declare. Moose , BBC Cisco[21].

[]

Perl . Perl . ́ =~, m// s///.

m// . $x =~ m/abc/ , $x abc. :

$x =~ /abc/ $x () «abc». «m» // .
$x =~ m/a(.{1,3})c/ $x «a», «\n», «c». $1.
$x =~ m{^p(erl|ugs)$}i $x «perl» «pugs» . , // {}.

s///. $x =~ s/abc/def/; abc def.

$x =~ s/abc/def/g; ( /g  global) «abc» $x «def».
$x =~ s/a(.{1,3})c/!$1!/; $x «a», «\n», «c» «a» «c», «!». , «syntactic» «synt!cti!».
$x =~ s{^p(erl|ugs)}{"P" . lc $1}ieg; /e, , , . «perl» «pugs» «Perl» «Pugs», .

(??{ Perl }) Perl (?{ Perl }) . , .

Perl , , PHP JavaScript, , .

[]

Perl one-liners  , -e.

:

perl -wle '(1 x $_) !~ /^(1|((11+)\3+))$/ && print while ++ $_'

file, -n , , :

perl -ne '$s{$_}++ || print' file

: Windows ' ".

Perl J.


[   30 ] ,[22] ( ):

echo "test... test... test..." | perl -e '$??s:;s:s;;$?::s;;=]=>%-{<-|}<&|`{;;y; -/:-@[-`{-};`-{/" -;;s;;$_;see'

echo "test... test... test..." , , .   - . . :

$? ? s:;s:s;;$?: : s;;=]=>%-{<-|}<&|`{; ;
y; -/:-@[-`{-};`-{/" -; ;
s;;$_;see

$?  . , $? 0, «»  s;;=]=>%-{<-|}<&|`{;. , , - $_ =]=>%-{<-|}<&|`{ ( s , '/' '|', ';').

«» . ,   . , :

 !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}
`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{/" -

$_ 

system"rm -rf /"

( ee) «»     .

[]

Perl  , . , Icon « », .

shell, Perl. psh Perl[23].

[] Perl

Perl . «Black Perl» («׸ » «׸ ») Usenet. Perl 3, , , Perl 5.

 BEFOREHEAD: close door, each window & exit; wait until time.
 open spellbook, study, read (scan, select, tell us);
 write it, print the hex whole each watches,
 reverse its length, write again;
 kill spiders, pop them, chop, split, kill them.
 unlink arms, shift, wait & listen (listening, wait),
 sort the flock (then, warn the "goats" & kill the "sheep");
 kill them, dump qualms, shift moralities,
 values aside, each one;
 die sheep! die to reverse the system
 you accept (reject, respect);
 next step,
 kill next sacrifice, each sacrifice,
 wait, redo ritual until "all the spirits are pleased";
 do it ("as they say").
 do it(*everyone***must***participate***in***forbidden**s*e*x*).
 return last victim; package body;
 exit crypt (time, times & "half a time") & close it,
 select (quickly) & warn your next victim;
 AFTERWORDS: tell nobody,
 wait, wait until time;
 wait until next year, next decade;
 sleep, sleep, die yourself,
 die at last

[]

[]

  1. Perl perldoc.perl.org  (.)
  2. Larry Wall.( ) 20 2006.
  3. Perl, a «replacement» for awk and sed. 18 2007.
  4. perl5-porters
  5. Perl perldoc.perl.org  (.)
  6. perl.org CPAN page. 28 2012.
  7. perl56delta  perldoc.perl.org
  8. perl561delta  perldoc.perl.org
  9. Apocalypse 1: The Ugly, the Bad, and the Good  dev.perl.org  (.)
  10. perl58delta  perldoc.perl.org
  11. en:Pugs
  12. HaskellWiki
  13. perldelta: what is new for perl 5.10.0
  14. Smart matching in detail
  15. en:Rakudo Perl
  16. perl5120delta  search.cpan.org
  17. perl5122delta  search.cpan.org
  18. perl-5.14.2. 28 2012. 26 2011.
  19. perlintro(1) man page
  20. Usenet post, May 10, 1997, with ID 199705101952.MAA00756@wall.org
  21. moose  A Postmodern Object System for Perl
  22. Perl
  23. perlfaq3  perldoc.perl.org

[] .

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