Dassault Rafale
| Rafale | |
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| Îäíîìåñòíàÿ è äâóõìåñòíàÿ ìîäèôèêàöèè «Ðàôàëÿ» â ïîë¸òå | |
| Òèï | ìíîãîöåëåâîé èñòðåáèòåëü |
| Ðàçðàáîò÷èê |  Dassault Aviation |
| Ïðîèçâîäèòåëü | Dassault Aviation |
| Ïåðâûé ïîë¸ò | 4 èþëÿ 1986 (Rafale A) |
| Íà÷àëî ýêñïëóàòàöèè | 4 äåêàáðÿ 2000 ãîäà |
| Ñòàòóñ | â ïðîèçâîäñòâå, ýêñïëóàòèðóåòñÿ |
| Îñíîâíûå ýêñïëóàòàíòû | ÂÂÑ Ôðàíöèè (63 Rafale B/C)[1][2] ÂÌÑ Ôðàíöèè (19 Rafale M)[3] |
| Ñòîèìîñòü åäèíèöû | îò $85 äî $124 ìëí â çàâèñèìîñòè îò êîìïëåêòàöèè (ôåâðàëü 2012 ãîäà)[4] |
 Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íà Ýíöèêëîñêëàäå |
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Äàññî «Ðàôàëü» (ôð. Dassault Rafale, áóêâ. «øêâàë») â ôðàíöóçñêèé ìíîãîöåëåâîé èñòðåáèòåëü ÷åòâåðòîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ, ðàçðàáîòàííûé ôðàíöóçñêîé êîìïàíèåé Dassault Aviation.[5] Ñîâåðøèë ïåðâûé ïîë¸ò 4 èþëÿ 1986 ãîäà. Ïðèíÿò íà âîîðóæåíèå ÂÌÑ è ÂÂÑ Ôðàíöèè â 2004 è 2006 ãîäó ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.[6]
 2009 ãîäó Ìèíèñòåðñòâî îáîðîíû Ôðàíöèè çàêàçàëî äîïîëíèòåëüíî 60 èñòðåáèòåëåé.[7]. Ó÷àñòâóåò â òåíäåðàõ íà ïîñòàâêó èñòðåáèòåëåé â ÎÀÝ è Áðàçèëèþ.
Ñàìîë¸ò Rafale ôèðìû Dassault ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ïðèîðèòåòîâ ðàçâèòèÿ àýðîêîñìè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè Ôðàíöèè. Ýòî ïîëíîñòüþ ôðàíöóçñêèé ïðîåêò â âîîðóæåíèå, äâèãàòåëè, àâèîíèêà è ñîáñòâåííîå ïðîèçâîäñòâî. Rafale ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîñëåäíèì íà äàííûé ìîìåíò ñàìîëåòîì, ñîçäàííûì åâðîïåéñêîé ñòðàíîé áåç àìåðèêàíñêîé èëè ëþáîé äðóãîé èíîñòðàííîé ïîìîùè.
Ïåðâîå áîåâîå ïðèìåíåíèå ñîñòîÿëîñü â ìàðòå 2007 ãîäà â õîäå îïåðàöèè ÍÀÒÎ â Àôãàíèñòàíå. Òàêæå ýòè ñàìîë¸òû èñïîëüçîâàëèñü â îïåðàöèè âîåííîãî áëîêà ÍÀÒÎ ïðîòèâ âîéñê Êàääàôè â Ëèâèè, íà÷èíàÿ ñ ìàðòà 2011 ãîäà.
7 äåêàáðÿ 2011 ãîäà ìèíèñòð îáîðîíû Ôðàíöèè Æåðàð Ëîíãå çàÿâèë, ÷òî ïðîèçâîäñòâî «Ðàôàëü» áóäåò ñâåðíóòî (ïîñëå òîãî êàê êîìïàíèÿ âûïîëíèò îïëà÷åííûé çàêàç äëÿ ÂÂÑ Ôðàíöèè íà 180 ñàìîë¸òîâ), åñëè íå ïîÿâÿòñÿ èíîñòðàííûå çàêàçû íà èñòðåáèòåëü.[8] Îäíàêî, ïîáåäà â ÿíâàðå 2012 ãîäà â òåíäåðå MRCA (àíãë.)ðóññê. íà ïîñòàâêó 126 ìíîãîöåëåâûõ èñòðåáèòåëåé äëÿ ÂÂÑ Èíäèè, îáåñïå÷èëà êðóïíûé ýêñïîðòíûé çàêàç è ñïàñëà ñàìîë¸ò îò ñíÿòèÿ ñ ïðîèçâîäñòâà.[9]
Ñîäåðæàíèå |
[ïðàâèòü] Êîíñòðóêöèÿ
Âûïîëíåí ïî òðàäèöèîííîé äëÿ èñòðåáèòåëåé ôèðìû Dassault Aviation àýðîäèíàìè÷åñêîé ñõåìå «áåñõâîñòêà»[10] ñ äîïîëíèòåëüíûì âûñîêîðàñïîëîæåííûì ïåðåäíèì ãîðèçîíòàëüíûì îïåðåíèåì (ò. í. êàíàðäû), ñðåäíåðàñïîëîæåííûì òðåóãîëüíûì â ïëàíå êðûëîì ñ êîðíåâûìè íàïëûâàìè è äâóìÿ äâèãàòåëÿìè â õâîñòîâîé ÷àñòè ôþçåëÿæà.
Ïåðåäíåå ïîâîðîòíîå ãîðèçîíòàëüíîå îïåðåíèå ðàñïîëîæåíî âïåðåäè êðûëà äëÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ ìàíåâðåííîñòè ñàìîëåòà (ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ýêñïëóòàöèîííàÿ ïåðåãðóçêà â 9 g). Îäíîêèëåâîé. Ñèëîâàÿ óñòàíîâêà äâóõäâèãàòåëüíàÿ. Ìîæåò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ ñ ÂÏÏ äëèíîé 400 ì.[11]
Íà èñòðåáèòåëå óñòàíîâëåíà ÎÏÑ
Âîçäóõîçàáîðíèêè âûïîëíåíû S-îáðàçíî è ýêðàíèðóþò ëîïàòêè òóðáèíû, ÷òî ñíèæàåò ÝÏÐ ñàìîë¸òà
[ïðàâèòü] Âàðèàíòû
Ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà ôåâðàëü 2012 ãîäà êîìïàíèÿ ïðåäëàãàåò ñëåäóþùèå âåðñèè ñàìîë¸òà: Rafale C, Rafale M è Rafale B.[12]
- Rafale A
- Îïûòíî-äåìîíñòðàöèîííûé.
- Rafale B
- Äâóõìåñòíûé, íàçåìíîãî áàçèðîâàíèÿ.
- Rafale C
- Îäíîìåñòíûé, íàçåìíîãî áàçèðîâàíèÿ.
- Rafale D
- Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîå íàçâàíèå Rafale C (ïåðåèìåíîâàí â 1990 ãîäó).
- Rafale M
- Îäíîìåñòíûé, àâèàíîñíîãî áàçèðîâàíèÿ.
Ïåðâûé ïðîòîòèï îäíîìåñòíîãî ìíîãîöåëåâîãî ïàëóáíîãî ñàìîëåòà Rafale Ì, ñîçäàííîãî ïî ïðîåêòó ÀÑÌ (Avion de Combat Marine), ñîâåðøèë ïåðâûé ïîëåò 12 äåêàáðÿ 1991 ãîäà. Îñíîâíîå îòëè÷èå ýòîé ìîäèôèêàöèè óâåëè÷åííàÿ íà 750 êã ìàññà êîíñòðóêöèè, óñèëåííûå ñòîéêè øàññè Messier-Bugatti. Äðóãèå îòëè÷èÿ âêëþ÷àþò 13 óçëîâ ïîäâåñêè âìåñòî 14, è óìåíüøåííàÿ íà 2000 êã ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ âçëåòíàÿ ìàññà (19500 êã). Rafale Ì ìîäèôèêàöèè Standart F1 ââåäåí â ñòðîé â äåêàáðå 2000 ãîäà è äîñòèã ïîëíîé áîåâîé ãîòîâíîñòè â 2004 ãîäó.
Ñ ñåðåäèíû 2006 ãîäà íà âîîðóæåíèå àâèàöèè ÂÌÔ Ôðàíöèè ñòàëè ïîñòóïàòü ñàìîëåòû ìîäèôèêàöèè Standart F2. Îíè, êàê è ìàøèíû ÂÂÑ Ôðàíöèè ïðèìåíÿëèñü â õîäå îïåðàöèè Enduring Freedom â Àôãàíèñòàíå[13].
- Rafale N
- Äâóõìåñòíûé, àâèàíîñíîãî áàçèðîâàíèÿ.
- Rafale BM
- Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîå íàçâàíèå Rafale N.
[ïðàâèòü] Òàêòèêî-òåõíè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè
[ïðàâèòü] Òåõíè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè
- Ýêèïàæ: 1â2 ÷åëîâåêà
- Äëèíà: 15,30 ì[14]
- Ðàçìàõ êðûëà: 10,90 ì
- Âûñîòà: 5,30 ì
- Ïëîùàäü êðûëà: 45,7 ì²
- Ìàññà ïóñòîãî: 10 000 êã
- Íîðìàëüíàÿ âçëåòíàÿ ìàññà: 14 710 êã
- Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ âçë¸òíàÿ ìàññà: 24 500 êã
- Ìàññà ïîëåçíîé íàãðóçêè: 9500 êã
- Ìàññà òîïëèâà âî âíóòðåííèõ áàêàõ 4700 êã [15]
- Ìàññà òîïëèâà â ÏÒÁ: 6700 êã
- Äâèãàòåëü: 2 × äâóõêîíòóðíûõ òóðáîðåàêòèâíûõ ñ ôîðñàæíîé êàìåðîé SNECMA M88-2-Å4
[ïðàâèòü] ˸òíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè
- Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ñêîðîñòü íà áîëüøîé ïàëëåòíûé âûñîòå: ~ 1900 êì/÷ (1,8 Ìàõà)[15]
- Áîåâîé ðàäèóñ: 1800 êì
- Áîåâîé ðàäèóñ: 1093 êì â âàðèàíòå èñòðåáèòåëÿ-ïåðåõâàò÷èêà
- Ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ïîòîëîê: 15 240 ì[14]
- Ñêîðîïîäú¸ìíîñòü: >305 ì/ñ (18 300 ì/ìèí)[15]
- Íàãðóçêà íà êðûëî: 326 êã/ì²
- Òÿãîâîîðóæ¸ííîñòü: 1,13
- Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ýêñïëóàòàöèîííàÿ ïåðåãðóçêà: -3,2/+9,0 g[15]
[ïðàâèòü] Âîîðóæåíèå
- Ïóøå÷íîå: 1x30 ìì Nexter DEFA 791B (òåìï ñòðåëüáû 2500 âûñòð/ìèí), áîåçàïàñ â 125 ïàòðîíîâ òèïà OPIT (áðîíåáîéíî-çàæèãàòåëüíûé òðàññèðóþùèé) ñ äîííûì âçðûâàòåëåì.
- Ðàêåòû:
- «âîçäóõââîçäóõ»: MICA, AIM-9, AIM-120, AIM-132, MBDA Meteor, «Ìàæèê» II
- «âîçäóõâïîâåðõíîñòü»: ASMP ñ ÿäåðíîé áîåâîé ÷àñòüþ, «Àïà÷», AM.39, Storm Shadow, AASM
[ïðàâèòü] Ïðîèñøåñòâèÿ
- 6 äåêàáðÿ 2007 èñòðåáèòåëü ìîäèôèêàöèè Ðàôàëü B (ñåð. íîìåð 316, èñòðåáèòåëüíîé ýñêàäðèëüè 1/7 «Ïðîâàíñ» (ôð. l'escadron de chasse 1/7 "Provence") ÂÂÑ Ôðàíöèè), [16] âçëåòåâøèé ñ âîåííî-âîçäóøíîé áàçû Ñåí-Äèçüå, ðàçáèëñÿ â 18:30 ïî ìåñòíîìó âðåìåíè, âáëèçè íàñåëåííîãî ïóíêòà Íåâèê, â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè Ôðàíöèè. Ñàìîë¸ò âûïîëíÿë òðåíèðîâî÷íûé ïîë¸ò. Ïðè÷èíà â ñáîé â ýëåêòðîäèñòàíöèîííîé ñèñòåìå óïðàâëåíèÿ ïîë¸òîì. Ïèëîò â êàïèòàí Ýììàíóýëü Ìîðüþçå (ôð. Le capitaine Emmanuel Moriuser) ïîãèá.
- 24 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2009 äâà èñòðåáèòåëÿ ìîäèôèêàöèè Ðàôàëü M (ñåð. íîìåðà 22 è 25, 12-îé ôëîòèëèè ÂÌÑ Ôðàíöèè), [17] óïàëè â Ñðåäèçåìíîå ìîðå â 30 êì îò ãîðîäà Ïåðïèíüÿí, â ðåçóëüòàòå ñòîëêíîâåíèÿ. Êàòàñòðîôà ïðîèçîøëà â 18:10 ïî ìåñòíîìó âðåìåíè, ïðè âîçâðàùåíèè ñàìîë¸òîâ íà àâèàíîñåö «Øàðëü äå Ãîëëü». Ñîãëàñíî èíôîðìàöèè èç Áþðî ðàññëåäîâàíèé ïðîèñøåñòâèé ïðè ìèíèñòåðñòâå îáîðîíû (ôð. Bureau enquetes accident de la Defense), ïðè÷èíîé êàòàñòðîôû ÿâèëñÿ ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ôàêòîð. Ïèëîò îäíîãî èç èñòðåáèòåëåé, êàïèòàí 3-ãî ðàíãà Æàí Áîôèëü (ôð. Capitaine de corvette Yann Beaufils) êàòàïóëüòèðîâàëñÿ. Ïèëîò âòîðîãî èñòðåáèòåëÿ, êàïèòàí 2-ãî ðàíãà Ôðàíñóà Äþôëî (ôð. Capitaine de fregate François Duflot) ïîãèá.
- 28 íîÿáðÿ 2010 èñòðåáèòåëü ìîäèôèêàöèè Ðàôàëü M (ñåð. íîìåð 18, 12-îé ôëîòèëèè ÂÌÑ Ôðàíöèè) óïàë â Àðàâèéñêîå ìîðå, âîçâðàùàÿñü íà àâèàíîñåö «Øàðëü äå Ãîëëü» ïîñëå âûïîëíåíèÿ áîåâîãî çàäàíèÿ ïî ïîääåðæêå êîàëèöèîííûõ ñèë â êîíòðòåððîðèñòè÷åñêîé îïåðàöèè â Àôãàíèñòàíå. Àâàðèÿ ïðîèçîøëà â 100 êì îò ïîáåðåæüÿ Ïàêèñòàíà. Ïðè÷èíà â òåõíè÷åñêàÿ íåèñïðàâíîñòü. Ïèëîò êàòàïóëüòèðîâàëñÿ è áûë ïîäîáðàí ñïàñàòåëüíûì âåðòîëåòîì.
[ïðàâèòü] Ïîáåäà Dassault Rafale â ìåæäóíàðîäíîì òåíäåðå MMRCA
31 ÿíâàðÿ 2012 ãîäà ñòàëî èçâåñòíî, ÷òî êîìïàíèÿ Dassault Aviation ñòàëà ïîáåäèòåëåì èíäèéñêîãî òåíäåðà MRCA (àíãë.)ðóññê. íà ïîñòàâêó 126 ìíîãîôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ èñòðåáèòåëåé.[18] Ïî îäíèì äàííûì, ñ Dassault Aviation áóäåò ïîäïèñàí êîíòðàêò ñòîèìîñòüþ îêîëî $10,4 ìëðä.[19] Ïî äðóãèì äàííûì, ïîëíàÿ ñòîèìîñòü êîíòðàêòà, âêëþ÷àÿ îáó÷åíèå è îáñëóæèâàíèå, ìîæåò äîñòè÷ü $15 ìëðä.[20]  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûìè òðåáîâàíèÿìè òåíäåðà MRCA (àíãë.)ðóññê., åãî ïîáåäèòåëü äîëæåí ïîñòàâèòü 18 èñòðåáèòåëåé â ãîòîâîì âèäå, à îñòàëüíûå 108 åäèíèö áóäóò èçãîòîâëåíû ïî ëèöåíçèè íà ìîùíîñòÿõ Hindustan Aeronautics ïîñëå ïåðåäà÷è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ òåõíîëîãèé. Ïðè ýòîì òåíäåð ïðåäóñìàòðèâàë îïöèîí íà ïîêóïêó åùå 64 ñàìîëåòîâ. Ñîãëàñíî óñëîâèÿì òåíäåðà, ïîáåäèòåëü äîëæåí áóäåò âïîñëåäñòâèè ðåèíâåñòèðîâàòü â èíäèéñêóþ ïðîìûøëåííîñòü 50% îò ñòîèìîñòè êîíòðàêòà.
Îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî ïîñòàâêè èñòðåáèòåëåé íà÷íóòñÿ â ñåðåäèíå 2015 ãîäà, à ñàìîë¸òîâ, èçãîòîâëåííûõ ïî ëèöåíçèè íà ïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ èíäèéñêîé êîìïàíèè Hindustan Aeronautics â â 2017-2018 ãîäàõ.[21]
| Íàçâàíèå: | Dassault Rafale[22] | Eurofighter Typhoon[23][24] | F-16IN Super Viper[25][26] |
F/A-18E/F Super Hornet[27][28][29][30] |
JAS 39 NG(IN)[31][32][33] | ÌèÃ-35[34][35][36][37][38] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Ñòðàíà: |  Ôðàíöèÿ |
 Ãåðìàíèÿ Èòàëèÿ Èñïàíèÿ Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ |
 ÑØÀ |
ÑØÀ |
 Øâåöèÿ |
 Ðîññèÿ |
| Ïðîèçâîäèòåëü: | Dassault Aviation | Eurofighter GmbH | Lockheed Martin | Boeing Defense, Space & Security | Saab AB | ÐÑÊ âÌèÃâ |
| Äëèíà: | 15,27 ì | 15,96 ì | 15,03 ì | 18,31 ì | 14,10 ì | 17,30 ì |
| Ðàçìàõ êðûëà: | 10,80 ì | 10,95 ì | 10,00 ì | 13,62 ì | 8,40 ì | 12,00 ì |
| Ïëîùàäü êðûëà: | 45,7 ì² | 50,0 ì² | 27,9 ì² | 46,5 ì² | 30,0 ì² | 38,0 ì² |
| Ìàññà ïóñòîãî: | 9 500 êã | 11 000 êã | 9 979 êã[39] | 14 552 êã[30] | 7 100 êã | 11 000 êã |
| Ìàññà ïîëåçíîé íàãðóçêè: | 9 500 êã | 7 500 êã | 7 800 êã | 8 050 êã | 5 300 êã[40] | 6 500 êã |
| Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ âçë¸òíàÿ ìàññà: | 24 500 êã | 23 500 êã | 21 800 êã | 29 937 êã[30] | 14 300 êã[41] | 29 000 êã |
| Äâèãàòåëü: | 2 × Snecma M88 (àíãë.)ðóññê. | 2 × Eurojet EJ200 (àíãë.)ðóññê. | 1 × GE F110-132 | 2 × GE F414-400 (àíãë.)ðóññê. | 1 × GE F414G (àíãë.)ðóññê. | 2 × ÐÄ-33ÌÊÂ |
| Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ òÿãà: | 2 × 50,0 êÍ | 2 × 60,0 êÍ | 1 × 84,0 êÍ | 2 × 62,3 êÍ | 1 × 62,3 êÍ | 2 × 53,0 êÍ |
| Òÿãà íà ôîðñàæå: | 2 × 75,0 êÍ | 2 × 90,0 êÍ | 1 × 144,0 êÍ | 2 × 98,0 êÍ | 1 × 98,0 êÍ | 2 × 88,3 êÍ |
| Ìàññà òîïëèâà (âíóòðåííèå áàêè) | 4 700 êã | 4 996 êã[42] | 3 265 êã | 6 780 êã | 3 360 êã[33] | 4 800 êã |
| Òî÷åê ïîäâåñêè: | 14 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 |
| Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ñêîðîñòü íà âûñîòå: | 1,8+ Ìàõà[43] | 2,0 Ìàõà[44] | 2,0 Ìàõà | 1,8 Ìàõà | 2,0 Ìàõà[45] | 2,25 Ìàõà |
| Áîåâîé ðàäèóñ: | 1 800 êì | 1 390 êì[46] | 550 êì | 722 êì | 1 300 êì | 1 000 êì |
| Ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ïîòîëîê: | 17 000 ì | 19 812 ì | 18 000 ì | 15 000 ì | 15 240 ì | 17 500 ì |
| Ñêîðîïîäú¸ìíîñòü: | 305 ì/ñ | 315 ì/ñ | 254 ì/ñ | 228 ì/ñ | í/ä | 330 ì/ñ |
| Òÿãîâîîðóæ¸ííîñòü: | 1,13 | 1,18 | 1,10 | 0,93 | 1,18 | 1,10 |
| Óïðàâëÿåìûé âåêòîð òÿãè: | íåò | åñòü[47] | íåò | íåò | íåò | åñòü |
| ÁÐËÑ ñ ÀÔÀÐ: | åñòü | íåò | åñòü | åñòü | í/ä | åñòü |
| Ñòîèìîñòü, 2011 ãîä: | îò $85 äî $124 ìëí â çàâèñèìîñòè îò êîìïëåêòàöèè[4] | $120 ìëí[4] | $50,0 ìëí[48] | $55,0 ìëí[49] | $48,0 ìëí | ~$45,0 ìëí |
[ïðàâèòü] Íà âîîðóæåíèè
Ôðàíöèÿ â îêîëî 100 Rafale B è Rafale C, ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà 2011 ãîä.[50] Âñåãî ê 2023 ãîäó ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïðèíÿòü íà âîîðóæåíèå 294 ñàìîë¸òà, èç íèõ 234 äëÿ ÂÂÑ è 60 äëÿ ÂÌÑ Ôðàíöèè.[6][51]
- ÂÂÑ Ôðàíöèè â ïðèíÿò íà âîîðóæåíèå â 2006 ãîäó.
- ÂÌÑ Ôðàíöèè â ïðèíÿò íà âîîðóæåíèå â 2004 ãîäó.
[ïðàâèòü] Ñì. òàêæå
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon- F/A-18 Hornet
Eurofighter Typhoon
ÌèÃ-35
Mitsubishi F-2
AIDC F-CK-1
HAL Tejas
Chengdu J-10-
Chengdu FC-1 Xiaolong 
JAS 39 Gripen
[ïðàâèòü] Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ
- â‘ OrBat France â MilAvia Press.com: Military Aviation Publications
- â‘ Ôðàíöèÿ óñîâåðøåíñòâóåò èñòðåáèòåëè Rafale äëÿ ÂÌÑ
- â‘ Ôðàíöèÿ óñîâåðøåíñòâóåò èñòðåáèòåëè Rafale äëÿ ÂÌÑ
- â‘ 1 2 3 Ôðàíöóçñêèé èñòðåáèòåëü Rafale âïåðâûå âûèãðàë ìåæäóíàðîäíûé òåíäåð
- â‘ Åëèñåéñêèé äâîðåö ïðèâåòñòâóåò ïîáåäó «Ðàôàëåé» â èíäèéñêîì òåíäåðå
- â‘ 1 2 Êîíòðàêò íà ïîñòàâêó èñòðåáèòåëåé «Ðàôàëü» ÂÂÑ ÎÀÝ ìîæåò áûòü ïîäïèñàí â íîÿáðå
- â‘ Ôðàíöóçñêèå âîîðóæåííûå ñèëû ïîëó÷àò åùå 60 èñòðåáèòåëåé Rafale. Lenta.ru (13 íîÿáðÿ 2009 ãîäà). Àðõèâèðîâàíî èç ïåðâîèñòî÷íèêà 2 ìàðòà 2012. Ïðîâåðåíî 12 àâãóñòà 2010.
- â‘ Ïðîèçâîäñòâî Rafale çàêðîþò èç-çà îòñóòñòâèÿ çàêàçîâ
- â‘ Ôðàíöóçû ïîáåäèëè â èíäèéñêîì òåíäåðå íà èñòðåáèòåëè
- â‘ [1] Áóëàò, Ïàâåë. Íà ïóòè ê ïÿòîìó è øåñòîìó ïîêîëåíèþ. ×àñòü VI
- â‘ Rafale page, Federation of American Scientists site, accessed February 14, 2010
- â‘ Optimized airframe
- â‘ Ìèðîâàÿ àâèàöèÿ. Ïîëíàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ. Âûïóñê 103: Dassault Rafale. Ôàéë 1010, ëèñò 09
- â‘ 1 2 Specifications and performance data
- â‘ 1 2 3 4 Aircraft Characteristics
- â‘ Â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè Ôðàíöèè ðàçáèëñÿ èñòðåáèòåëü «Ðàôàëü»
- â‘ ÂÌÑ Ôðàíöèè: ðàçáèâøèåñÿ íàä Ñðåäèçåìíûì ìîðåì èñòðåáèòåëè ñòîëêíóëèñü
- â‘ Rafale selected to equip the Indian Air Force
- â‘ Ôðàíöóçû ïîáåäèëè â èíäèéñêîì òåíäåðå íà èñòðåáèòåëè
- â‘ ÌÎ Èíäèè ïðèñòóïàåò ê ïåðåãîâîðàì ñ «Äàññî» ïî óñëîâèÿì çàêëþ÷åíèÿ êîíòðàêòà íà ïîñòàâêó èñòðåáèòåëåé «Ðàôàëü»
- â‘ Èíäèéñêèå ÑÌÈ óçíàëè äàòó íà÷àëà ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé ñáîðêè Rafale
- â‘ Official Rafale specifications, FR: Dassault, <http://www.dassault-aviation.com/en/defense/rafale/aircraft-characteristics.html?L=1>.
- â‘ Official Typhoon Specifications, Eurofighter, <http://www.eurofighter.com/et_ap_pd_ov.asp>.
- â‘ Eurofighter Typhoon, DE: Luftwaffe, <http://www.luftwaffe.de/portal/a/luftwaffe/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLNzKI93AMA8mB2e4-AfqRUFYIQtTLGSoKUhuUkqrv65Gfm6rvrR-gX5AbGlHu6KgIAPMomGo!/delta/base64xml/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SVVFLzZfMjBfSDVQ?yw_contentURL=%2F01DB060000000001%2FW26E7J9E579ITSRDE%2Fcontent.jsp>.
- â‘ F-16C/D Factsheet. US Air Force
- â‘ F-16 Specifications. Lockheed Martin
- â‘ F/A-18E/F Super Hornet page. Boeing
- â‘ Super Hornet Overview. Boeing (PDF)
- â‘ Aircraft Museum F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. Aerospace Web. Retrieved 2011-02-01.
- â‘ 1 2 3 BP, Blogspot, <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qrjFeNOsuEY/TS0pRdh1k2I/AAAAAAAAAGU/1Nao6ZHY2_Q/s1600/page0022.jpg>
- â‘ Official Gripen IN Technical Specifications, SE: Saab, <http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-for-India/The-Fighter-Gripen-IN/>.
- â‘ Pressbrief Gripen NG, NL, 8 Aug, <http://www.jsfnieuws.nl/wp-content/NLGRIPENPRESSBRIEFAug08.pdf>. Ïðîâåðåíî 1 ôåâðàëÿ 2011..
- â‘ 1 2 Saab NG presentation, JSF Nieuws, p. 5, <http://www.jsfnieuws.nl/wp-content/JSF15_ERIC_GRIPEN_DEMOROLLOUT2008.pdf>.
- â‘ MiG-35, RU: MiG Aravia, <http://www.migavia.ru/eng/military_e/MiG_35_e.htm>.
- â‘ MiG-29M2 specifications. RAC MiG (the MiG-29M2 is similar to the MiG-35).
- â‘ MiG-35, Deagel, <http://www.deagel.com/Strike-and-Fighter-Aircraft/Mig-35_a000357007.aspx>.
- â‘ MiG-35 specifications. Airforce technology. (Ferry range with three external fuel tanks 3,100 km).
- â‘ Aero India 2007 Brochure, Bharat-Rakshak, <http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/media/AeroIndia2007/Brochures/DSC03906.JPG.html>.
- â‘ F-16 Versions F-16E/F. F-16.net. Retrieved on 2011-02-01.
- â‘ "Gripen Dimensions". Saab
- â‘ http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/Gripen_Dimensions.pdf
- â‘ Technische Daten Eurofighter Austria, AT: Air Power, <http://eurofighter.airpower.at/technik-daten.htm>.
- â‘ "Fox Three." dassault-aviation.com.
- â‘ Austrian Airforce
- â‘ Gripen Supercruises
- â‘ EFA-2000 Eurofighter. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-01.
- â‘ "Upgraded Eurofighter offered to Indian Air Force". Thaindian News, 4 January 2010.
- â‘ Report on U.S. Competitiveness in the Fighter Aircraft Export Market. CSIS
- â‘ Capaccio, Tony. Lockheed F-35 Program Faces $1 Billion Cut in U.S. Senate Spending Measure (16 December 2010). Ïðîâåðåíî 12 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2011.
- â‘ RAFALE deployment history
- â‘ The way ahead
[ïðàâèòü] Ëèòåðàòóðà è èñòî÷íèêè
- Þ. Áåëÿåâ. Ôðàíöóçñêèé ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûé èñòðåáèòåëü "Ðàôàëü" // "Çàðóáåæíîå âîåííîå îáîçðåíèå", â„– 5, 1987. ñòð.44-45
[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè
 |
Ýòî çàãîòîâêà ñòàòüè îá àâèàöèè. Âû ìîæåòå ïîìî÷ü ïðîåêòó, èñïðàâèâ è äîïîëíèâ å¸. |
| Ñàìîë¸òû Äàññî Àâèñüîí (Dassault Aviation) | |
|---|---|
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| Âîåííûå |
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| Ãðàæäàíñêèå |
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