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SIP

: ,

SIP (. Session Initiation Protocol  )  , -, (- , , -).

SIP .

, (, ) , , , , . , (, RTP). , (   -). .

SIP.

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IETF MMUSIC Working Group[1]. 1996 (Henning Schulzrinne, ) ( ). 2000 SIP 3GPP IMS ( 3GPP TS.24.229[2])[3]. c H.323, SIP  , Voice over IP.

MMUSIC :

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SIP 5060 TCP UDP SIP-. , SIP . , , , , . RFC, SIP . , Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).

SIP IP, , . SIP , . , - (Proxy Servers) (User Agents). : , , .

SIP , -7, . -7 , , , ( ). SIP  , (, , ) , (, ).

SIP . SIP SDP, , IP . SIP  RTP. RTP .

(SIP 2.0) RFC 2543. RFC 3261, - . , 2.0.

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IP- , SIP , . URL, SIP URL:

  • @,
  • @,
  • @IP-,
  • №@.

SIP- ( ) sip:, , SIP-, c (, , mailto:).

.   , . - , . , IP-.

- . IP-, , («») / . , , 2-3-4-.

,   , , . (IP- ) -, .

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SIP - .

, , . , , , , .

SIP. , , . , .

[]

,   User Agent Client (UAC)    User Agent Server (UAS). UAC, UAS,   User Agent (UA), SIP.

UAS UAC . SIP .

[] -

- ( . proxy  «») . , . - , , .

-

  • (stateful). .
  • (stateless). . , .

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. , -. .

, , .

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SIP, . .

, . SIP- LDAP, RWHOIS, .

[] SIP

SIP ( ), , RFC 2279. SIP HTTP. SIP:

  •   SIP-. , , . , , .
  • , ( , , .)
  • . ( BYE). , .

INVITE:

INVITE sip:nikolia@example.ru SIP/2.0
Record-Route: <sip:nikolia@10.0.0.10;lr>
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.0.0.10;branch=z9hG4bK3af7.0a6e92f4.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.0.2:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12ee92cb;rport=5060
From: "78128210000" <sip:78128210000@neutral.ru>;tag=as149b2d97
To: <sip:nikolia@example.ru>
Contact: <sip:78128210000@neutral.ru>
Call-ID: 3cbf958e6f43d91905c3fa964a373dcb@example.ru
CSeq: 103 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 16
Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2001 13:16:23 GMT
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY
Supported: replaces
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 394

v=0
o=root 3303 3304 IN IP4 10.0.0.10
s=session
c=IN IP4 10.0.0.10
t=0 0
m=audio 40358 RTP/AVP 0 8 101
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-16
a=silenceSupp:off - - - -
a=sendrecv

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SIP (RFC 3261) . , , ,  . . .

  1. INVITE  . SDP- .
  2.   INVITE.
  3. BYE  . , .
  4. CANCEL  , , .
  5. REGISTER  .
  6. OPTIONS  .

    , , :
  7. PRACK  (RFC 3262)
  8. SUBSCRIBE  (RFC 3265)
  9. NOTIFY  (RFC 3265)
  10. PUBLISH  (RFC 3903)
  11. INFO  , (RFC 2976)
  12. REFER  SIP (RFC 3515)
  13. MESSAGE  SIP (RFC 3428)
  14. UPDATE  (RFC 3311)

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. SIP HTTP. , . , , :

  1. 1  ; , .   100 Trying, 180 Ringing, 183 Session Progress.
  2. 2  , , .   200 OK 202 Accepted.
  3. 3  , , , 302 Moved Temporary.
  4. 4  , , , 403 Forbidden HTTP 404 Not Found.
  5. 5  , , - , 500 Server Internal Error.
  6. 6  , , , , 603 Decline , .

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SIP , , . - SIP SDP ( ). - , RTP RTCP.

SIP 3 : -, . , . RFC 3665.

:

                              
                 3          
     |                |                |                |
     |   INVITE F1    |                |                |
     |--------------->|                |                |
     |     302 F2     |                |                |
     |<---------------|                |                |
     |     ACK F3     |                |                |
     |--------------->|                |                |
     |     INVITE F4                   |                |
     |-------------------------------->|    INVITE F5   |
     |             100  F6             |--------------->|
     |<--------------------------------|      180 F7    |
     |             180 F8              |<---------------|
     |<--------------------------------|                |
     |                                 |     200 F9     |
     |             200 F10             |<---------------|
     |<--------------------------------|                |
     |             ACK F11             |                |
     |-------------------------------->|     ACK F12    |
     |                                 |--------------->|
     |           RTP Media          |
     |<================================================>|
     |                                 |     BYE F13    |
     |             BYE F14             |<---------------|
     |<--------------------------------|                |
     |             200 F15             |                |
     |-------------------------------->|     200 F16    |
     |                                 |--------------->|
     |                                 |                | 

[] SIP-T SIP-I

, -7, SIP : Session Initiation Protocol for Telephones (SIP-T) Session Initiation Protocol Internetworking (SIP-I). , SIP-I ITU-T, SIP-T  IETF RFC 3372. SIP ISUP IP-. SIP. SIP:

SIP-T
ISUP ISUP SIP
SIP ISUP ISUP SIP
INFO

[] H.323

SIP . SIP , H.323[4]. [?] , , SIP , , H.323. [?] , SIP  , , , H.323. SIP H.323 , , .

SIP H.323
,
,
, ,
.
, , , ,
. , . .

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SIP RFC 3261. c TLS TCP/UDP. , SIPS (. SIPS), SIP. SRTP.

[] .

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