( «Synapsida»)
dimetrodon grandis.
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́ (. Synapsida) (. Theromorpha, .-. θήρ, θηρίον «» μορφή «» ) ( ), 320 . .
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[]
, :
============================================================= Eothyrididae
==Caseasauria=|
| ============================================================= Caseidae
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| ========================================================== Varanopseidae
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| | ====================================================== Ophiacodontidae
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| | | ================================================== Edaphosauridae
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=| | | | ================================= Haptodus garnettensis
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==Eupelycosauria=| | | | ============================= Palaeohatteria
====| | | |
====| | | ========================= Pantelosaurus
==Sphenacodontia=| | |
====| | ===================== Cutleria
====| |
====| = Sphenacodontidae
==Sphenacodontoidea=|
= Therapsida
Synapsida () |-Caseasauria `-Eupelycosauria |-Varanopseidae `-+-Ophiacodontidae `-+-Edaphosauridae `-Sphenacodontia |-Sphenacodontidae `-Therapsida () |-Biarmosuchia | `-Eotitanosuchus `-Eutherapsida |-Dinocephalia `-Neotherapsida |-Anomodontia `-Theriodontia () |-Gorgonopsia `-Eutheriodontia |-Therocephalia `-Cynodontia () |- + -Dvinia | `--Procynosuchus `- Epicynodontia |-Thrinaxodon `-Eucynodontia |- + -Cynognathus | `- + -Tritylodontidae | `- Traversodontidae `-Probainognathia |- + - Trithelodontidae | `--Chiniquodontidae `- + - Prozostrodon `- Mammaliaformes `-Mammalia ()
[]
- Benton, M. J. (2004), Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd
- Carroll, R. L. (1988), Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, WH Freeman & Co.
- Colbert, E. H., (1969), Evolution of the Vertebrates, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2nd ed.)
- Laurin, M. and Reisz, R. R., (1997), Tree of Life Synapsida
