Terrestrial Planet Finder
«Äåòǻêòîð ïëàíǻò çåìíî́ãî òè́ïà» (àíãë. Terrestrial Planet Finder, àêð. TPF) â ïðîåêò ÍÀÑÀ ïî ñîçäàíèþ êîñìè÷åñêîãî òåëåñêîïà, ñïîñîáíîãî èññëåäîâàòü îêðåñòíîñòè äðóãèõ çâ¸çä â ïîèñêàõ ýêçîïëàíåò, ñõîæèõ ñ ïëàíåòàìè çåìíîé ãðóïïû. Ðåàëèçàöèÿ ïðîåêòà ïîçâîëèëà áû îáíàðóæèâàòü òàêèå îáúåêòû â áëèæàéøèõ îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Ãàëàêòèêè, à òàêæå îïðåäåëÿòü õèìè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà è ñîñòàâ èõ àòìîñôåðíûõ îáîëî÷åê.
Ïðîåêò ìíîãî ðàç îòêëàäûâàëñÿ è â èòîãå áûë îòìåí¸í[1].
Ñîäåðæàíèå |
[ïðàâèòü] Èñòîðèÿ
 ìàå 2002 ãîäà NASA âûáðàëî äâà êîíöåïòà ïî ðåàëèçàöèè ìèññèè TPF. Êàæäûé èç íèõ ïðåäïîëàãàë ðàçìåùåíèå íà îðáèòå Çåìëè òåëåñêîïîâ, êîòîðûå ìîãëè áû ðåãèñòðèðîâàòü ñâåò, îòðàæàåìûé ýêçîïëàíåòàìè îò èõ ðîäèòåëüñêèõ çâ¸çä.  ìàå 2004 ãîäà îáà êîíöåïòà áûëè ïðèíÿòû äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿ, à 31 ÿíâàðÿ 2007 ãîäà îíè áûëè ïðèíÿòû íà ðàññìîòðåíèå Ñåíàòîì ÑØÀ, íî çàòåì îòñðî÷åíû. Ïðîåêòû ïîëó÷èëè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå íàçâàíèÿ:TPF-I è TPF-C.
[ïðàâèòü] TPF-I
Èíôðàêðàñíûé èíòåðôåðîìåòð, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ìíîæåñòâà íåáîëüøèõ òåëåñêîïîâ, êîòîðûå ðàñïîëîæåíû íà îäíîé ïëàòôîðìå.  ñîâîêóïíîñòè ýòî äà¸ò ýôôåêò îäíîãî áîëüøîãî ïàëëåòíîãî ìîùíîãî òåëåñêîïà. TPF-I äîëæåí áûë èñïîëüçîâàòü òåõíîëîãèþ îáíóëÿþùåé èíòåðôåðîìåòðèè (àíãë. nulling interferometry), êîòîðàÿ ïîçâîëÿåò òàêèì îáðàçîì ñêîìáèíèðîâàòü ñèãíàë íåñêîëüêèõ òåëåñêîïîâ, ÷òîáû çâåçäà áûëà óäàëåíà èç èçîáðàæåíèÿ, íà êîòîðîì îñòàíåòñÿ ëèøü çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëåå òóñêëàÿ ïëàíåòà.
[ïðàâèòü] TPF-C
Êîðîíîãðàô äëÿ íàáëþäåíèÿ âèäèìîãî ñâåòà â îãðîìíûé òåëåñêîï, ïðåâîñõîäÿùèé äèàìåòð çåðêàëà ïîõîæåãî îðáèòàëüíîãî òåëåñêîïà Õàááë â 3â4 ðàçà. Ýòî ïîçâîëèëî áû ðåãèñòðèðîâàòü òóñêëûé îòðàæ¸ííûé ñâåò ýêçîïëàíåò, îêîëî èõ ðîäèòåëüñêèõ çâ¸çä.
Ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà èþëü 2008 ãîäà îáà ïðîåêòà íå áûëè îäîáðåíû ñåíàòîì è íå èìåëè òî÷íîé äàòû ðåàëèçàöèè. Ó Åâðîïåéñêîãî êîñìè÷åñêîãî àãåíòñòâà ñóùåñòâóåò ïîäîáíûé ïðîåêò, ïîëó÷èâøèé íàçâàíèå DARWIN, êîòîðûé òàêæå íå îäîáðåí ê ðåàëèçàöèè.
 2011 ãîäó â îáçîðå ÍÀÑÀ ïðîåêòîâ íà ñëåäóþùåå äåñÿòèëåòèå ïðîåêò íàðÿäó ñ ìèññèåé SIM íå óïîìèíàåòñÿ[1].
[ïðàâèòü] Ñïèñîê ãëàâíûõ 10 öåëåé
| ï/ï [2] | Çâåçäà | Ñîçâåçäèå | Ðàññòîÿíèå (ñâ. ëåò) |
Ñïåêòðàëüíûé êëàññ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Àëüôà Öåíòàâðà A | Öåíòàâð | 4.3 | G2V |
| 2 | Àëüôà Öåíòàâðà B | Öåíòàâð | 4.3 | K1V |
| 3 | Òàó Êèòà | Êèò | 12 | G8V |
| 4 | Ýòà Êàññèîïåè | Êàññèîïåÿ | 19 | G3V |
| 5 | Áåòà Þæíîé Ãèäðû | Þæíàÿ Ãèäðà | 24 | G2IV |
| 6 | Äåëüòà Ïàâëèíà | Ïàâëèí | 20 | G8V |
| 7 | Ïè³ Îðèîíà | Îðèîí | 26 | F6V |
| 8 | Ãàììà Çàéöà | Çàÿö | 29 | F7V |
| 9 | Ýïñèëîí Ýðèäàíà | Ýðèäàí | 10 | K2V |
| 10 | 40 Ýðèäàíà | Ýðèäàí | 16 | K1V |
[ïðàâèòü] Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ
- â‘ 1 2 Rage Against the Dying of the Light. Astrobiology Magazine (02 June 2011). Àðõèâèðîâàíî èç ïåðâîèñòî÷íèêà 15 ìàðòà 2012. Ïðîâåðåíî 7 èþíÿ 2011.
- â‘ TPF Câ™s Top Target Stars (àíãë.)
[ïðàâèòü] Ñì. òàêæå
[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè
- Membrana
- Êîìïüþëåíòà
- NASA Planet Quest: Terrestrial Planet Finder (àíãë.)
- Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission Profile (àíãë.)
- Canceling NASAâ™s Terrestrial Planet Finder: The White Houseâ™s Increasingly Nearsighted «Vision» For Space Exploration (àíãë.)
- Congressional Inaction Leaves Science Still Devastated. (àíãë.)
| Äåéñòâóþùèå | AGILE · Akari · ×àíäðà · COROT · Ãåðøåëü · GLAST · GALEX · HETE-2 · |
|---|---|
| Çàïëàíèðîâàííûå | TAUVEX (2012) · PEGASE (2012) · Astrosat (2012) · NuSTAR (2012) · Ñïåêòð ÐÃ (2013) · Gaia (2013) · Ñïåêòð-ÓÔ (2015) · SAFIR (2015) · Ãàììà-400 (2016) · Äæåéìñ Âåáá (2017) · Solar Orbiter (2017) · Ìèëëèìåòðîí (2018) · ÎÇÈÐÈÑ (2018) · Euclid (2018) |
| Ïðåäëîæåííûå | New Worlds Mission · Dark Energy Space Telescope · SNAP (2013) · TESS · Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (2020) · IXO/XEUS (2021) · Äàðâèí · Constellation-X Observatory · ATLAST |
| Èñòîðè÷åñêèå | ABRAXIS · ASCA · ALEXIS · Àðèàáàòà · Astro 2 · Àñòðîí · ANS · BeppoSAX · BBXRT · Êîìïòîí · Êîïåðíèê · Cos-B · Cosmic Background Explorer · Ýéíøòåéí · EXOSAT · EUVE · FUSE · Ãàììà · Ginga · Ãëàçàð · Ãðàíàò · Õàêóò¸ · HALCA · HETE · HEAO-1 · HEAO-3 · Hipparcos · Infrared Space Observatory · International Ultraviolet Explorer · IRAS · Midcourse Space Experiment · OAO-2 · ÐÅËÈÊÒ-1 · ROSAT · SAS-2 · SAS-3 · Tenma · Wide Field Infrared Explorer · Uhuru (SAS-A) · WISE · WMAP · Yohkoh |
| Îòìåí¸ííûå | ASTRO-G · Ýääèíãòîí · Space Interferometry Mission · SPICA · PLATO · Terrestrial Planet Finder |
| Ñì. òàêæå | Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé ñïóòíèê · Ñïèñîê êîñìè÷åñêèõ òåëåñêîïîâ · Ñïèñîê êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòîâ ñ ðåíòãåíîâñêèìè è ãàììà-äåòåêòîðàìè íà áîðòó · Áîëüøèå îáñåðâàòîðèè |
| Êàòåãîðèÿ | |