GNU Free Documentation License . .

Ubuntu

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Ubuntu
Ubuntu 12.04
Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin)

Canonical Ltd.

Linux

Debian

12.04 (Precise Pangolin) 26  2012

,    

Linux

GNOME Unity

(  GPL-)

-

ubuntu.com

Ubuntu (. ́; ubuntu  [1])  , Linux Debian. Canonical. [2].

Ubuntu 20 ,[3] Linux Openstat[4]. 4- -[5] .[6]

, LTS[7], 2 , 3 (   5 )[8]. , LTS 5 , .[9][10]

Ubuntu [11] . c LiveCD[12], LiveUSB [][13]. LiveDVD ó   [14], [15] , . , i386, amd64, ARM.

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Ubuntu No-Name-Yet (. )[16].

Ubuntu 20 2004 Debian [17]. Debian , Xandros, Linspire Libranet ( ), Canonical Debian Ubuntu , [18].

Ubuntu (unstable) Debian. Ubuntu Advanced Packaging Tool Debian . , Ubuntu Debian . Ubuntu Debian, . 2005 Debian ̸ Ubuntu Debian, , Ubuntu Debian Sarge, [19].

Ubuntu Canonical. 8 2005 Canonical Ubuntu Foundation 10 . , Ubuntu, 2009 . .[20][21]

11.04 «Natty Narwhal», 28 2011 [22], Ubuntu Desktop Edition GNOME Unity[23][24][25], Canonical, X.Org Server Wayland[26]. Ubuntu: Ubuntu Netbook Edition Ubuntu Desktop Edition , «Ubuntu» ( «Edition»), Ubuntu Server Edition «Ubuntu Server»[27]. , Unity, Ubuntu Netbook Edition 10.10, Desktop Ubuntu 11.04 . Ubuntu , .

13 2011 Ubuntu  11.10 «Oneiric Ocelot»[28]. Ubuntu Software Centre [29], , , Software Centre GTK 3[30]. LightDM. GDM, , HTML Java. ( ) Unity ( Unity 2D ), GNOME . Evolution Thunderbird 7. Mac OS.

26 2012 Ubuntu  12.04 LTS «Precise Pangolin». - Unity, HUD. Rhythmbox Banshee. : GNOME 3.4.1, Firefox 11, LibreOffice 3.5.2, Thunderbird 11 .

Ubuntu «Grumpy Groundhog». , , , . « » , ; .[31]

[] Ubuntu Netbook Edition

10.10 , Ubuntu Netbook Edition, , , , Cheese. 10.10 , GNOME Metacity, 10.10 Unity.

Ubuntu Netbook 10.10

Ubuntu Desktop Edition, 11.04, Unity, .

[]

Ubuntu 6.06 LTS, Dawn of Ubuntu,

Ubuntu . sudo, , .[32]

Ubuntu, , , . 5.04 UTF-8.[33]

Ubuntu 512 RAM , , , .[34]

Ubuntu GNOME, , , , .[35] , GNOME, Ubuntu , OpenOffice.org[36] (LibreOffice 11.04[37]), web- Mozilla Firefox.[38][39]

6.06 LiveCD CD -. , , , , Ubuntu , Ubiquity (. ). , «» . , debian-installer, , , , , , LVM RAID, 192 . LiveUSB USB Flash-, LiveCD CD. , , . USB--.

. Ubuntu , ubuntu-calendar, , , . , . , «Linuxxx».[40] Ubuntu , 10.04: , .[41] , Ubuntu Mac OS X[42][43].

[]

: Ubuntu

, . : , . 6.06 Dapper Drake (LTS) .[44]

 - Linux
4.10 20 2004[45] Wary Warthog 30 2006 2.6.9
5.04 8 2005[46] Hoary Hedgehog 31 2006 2.6.11
5.10 13 2005[47] Breezy Badger 13 2007 2.6.13
6.06 LTS 1 2006[48]
10 2006 (6.06.1)[49]
21 2008 (6.06.2)[50]		 Dapper Drake 14 2009[51] ( )
2011 ( )		 2.6.15
6.10 26 2006[52] Edgy Eft 25 2008 2.6.18
7.04 19 2007[53] Feisty Fawn 19 2008 2.6.19
7.10 18 2007[54] Gutsy Gibbon 18 2009 2.6.20
8.04 LTS 24 2008[55]
3 2008 (8.04.1)[56]
22 2009 (8.04.2)[57]
16 2009 (8.04.3)[58]
28 2010 (8.04.4)[55]		 Hardy Heron 12 2011 ( )[59]
2013 ( )		 2.6.24
8.10 30 2008[60] Intrepid Ibex 30 2010[61] 2.6.27
9.04 23 2009[62] Jaunty Jackalope 23 2010[63] 2.6.28
9.10 29 2009[64] Karmic Koala[65] 29 2011[66] 2.6.31
10.04 LTS 29 2010[67]
17 2010 (10.04.1)
18 2011 (10.04.2)[68]
20 2011 (10.04.3)
16 2012 (10.04.4)		 Lucid Lynx[44] ( :
«», «»,
«», «»  . .)		 2013 ( )
2015 ( )		 2.6.32
10.10 10 2010[68] Maverick Meerkat[69] / 2012 2.6.35
11.04 28 2011[22] Natty Narwhal[70] 2012 2.6.38
11.10 13 2011[71] Oneiric Ocelot[72] 2013 3.0.4
12.04 LTS 26 2012[73] Precise Pangolin[74] / 2017[8][9][10] 3.2
12.10 18 2012[75] Quantal Quetzal[76] /  ?  ?
:
/

, LTS (. Long Term Support; « ») Canonical , Ubuntu. , Canonical . LTS LTS, , . 6.06 Dapper Drake ; 8.04 Hardy Heron   . 8.04. 8.04 . LTS Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin.[77]

[]

Ubuntu 11.04 ( ): Desktop Edition, Server Edition Kubuntu

Ubuntu , , .[78]

:[78]

Main Restricted
Universe Multiverse

Main Universe , Ubuntu, Debian.[79]

Main, «» (firmware) , , , .[   801 ]

, Main Restricted , Linux. Universe Multiverse.[   801 ]

Ubuntu , (Restricted) , Ubuntu , , , nVidia ATI. Main, .[80]

Ubuntu Backport , Ubuntu. ; .[81]

, , , Multiverse. , Multiverse «ubuntu-restricted-extras»,  , Flash-, JRE Windows.

, Ubuntu:

Medibuntu.

, Ultamatix, , Ubuntu.

Ubuntu , Canonical , Partner.[82] , Multiverse , Partner- , Canonical .[83][84] , Adobe Reader, Adobe Flash Player, Oracle Java, Skype .[85]

[] ShipIt

2011 CD- Ubuntu ShipIt Canonical Ltd.[86][87] , 2011 Canonical . , , LoCo.

[] Linux, Ubuntu

Xubuntu 11.04

Ubuntu, Canonical 2 , Ubuntu:

  • , Ubuntu (Ubuntu Derivative Distribution): , Ubuntu. , Canonical. Canonical Ubuntu.
  • Ubuntu (Ubuntu Remix): , Ubuntu . , ,  . . Ubuntu, , Ubuntu, . Ubuntu, Remix, : Ubuntu Russian Remix  Ubuntu, Ubuntu .[88].

[] , Canonical

Ubuntu Server .
Xubuntu Ubuntu XFCE ( ). Xfce
Lubuntu Ubuntu LXDE ( ). LXDE

[] ,

Ubuntu Studio . Xfce
Mythbuntu . Xfce
Kubuntu Ubuntu KDE . KDE
Edubuntu . Unity

[] ,

Ambox outdated serious.svg
 .
, .
Icefeast Linux , . . GNOME
Aurora ASUS EEE PC. GNOME
ABC GNU/Linux Beowulf.
Asturix , , . KDE
Baltix . GNOME
BackTrack .
GET-School

GET-Teacher

 Kubuntu, « LinuxWizard». KDE
Fluxbuntu Fluxbox . . Fluxbox
Linux Mint , Ubuntu. -, Flash Java.
nUbuntu .
OpenGEU Ubuntu, Enlightenment. Enlightenment DR17
Runtu . GNOME
Ubuntu Russian Remix , Ubuntu . GNOME
, . GNOME
Ulteo . KDE
U-lite ˸ DE, . Openbox
Sabily Ubuntu. GNOME
Ubuntu Install Box . Unity
Ubuntu DesktopPack[89] , UALinux[90], Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu. Unity GNOME KDE XFCE LXDE
Netrunner Kubuntu, Blue Systems. KDE
Grusha-Linux Ubuntu. Gnome
, , , . , - « ». , , . , 20- Blizzard, 11 SparkCraft, - StarCraft, WarCraft III StarCraft2. - [91]. GNOME 2

[]

  • Ubuntu 4.10

  • Ubuntu 5.04

  • Ubuntu 5.10

  • Ubuntu 6.06

  • Ubuntu 6.10

  • Ubuntu 7.04

  • Ubuntu 7.10

  • Ubuntu 8.04

  • Ubuntu 8.10

  • Ubuntu 9.04

  • Ubuntu 9.10

  • Ubuntu 10.04

  • Ubuntu 10.10

  • Ubuntu 11.04

  • Ubuntu 11.10

  • Ubuntu 12.04

[]

Canonical , Ubuntu ( Free Software Foundation), ( , . «the Ubuntu promise»), GPL. , Windows Media.[92]

[]

[]

, .
, .
.
  • Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat 10.10.10 (10 2010 ). 101010 42. 42  - ( ) « , » « ». , . 42 . ,   10.10.10 ( , ). 10.10 (1000 «MB» 1024 «MiB»)

[] .

Ubuntu


[]

  1. Ubuntu Documentation Team About the Name - Ubuntu Documentation  (.). 9 2010.
  2. Face-to-Face Local Support  (.). Canonical Ltd.  , . .. 24 2011.
  3. Canonical launches Ubuntu 11.10 update. Computerworld UK (14 October 2011). 24 2012. 18 2011.
  4. Openstat
  5. Gelbmann, Matthias Highlights of web technology surveys, February 2011: Ubuntu increases its market share on web servers. w3Techs. 24 2012. 1 2011.
  6. Ubuntu Usage Statistics. builtwith.com. 24 2012. 19 2010.
  7. . Long Term Support  « »
  8. 1 2 LTS Ubuntu enci  (.). Ubuntu.com (1 December 2011).  «A new LTS version is released every 2 years. In previous releases, a Long Term Support (LTS) version had 3 years support on Ubuntu (Desktop) and 5 years on Ubuntu Server. Starting with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, both versions will receive 5 years support. There is no extra fee for the LTS version; we make our very best work available to everyone on the same free terms. Upgrades to new versions of Ubuntu are and always will be free of charge.»  22 2012.
  9. 1 2 Ubuntu 12.04 to feature extended support period for desktop users  (.). Canonical Ltd. (21 October 2011).  «London, October 21st, 2011: Canonical today announced it would be extending the support and maintenance period for its upcoming Long Term Support (LTS) release of Ubuntu for desktop users from three years to five years. The move comes in response to increasing demand for Ubuntu desktops in corporate environments where longer maintenance periods are the norm. It brings the desktop product into line with Ubuntu Server which continues with five years of support for LTS releases.»  24 2012. 22 2012.
  10. 1 2 - Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 5  (.). OpenNet.ru (21  2011).  « Canonical LTS- - Ubuntu . . , Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Desktop, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Server, 2017 .»  24 2012. 22 2012.
  11. Ubuntu packages  (.).  Ubuntu. 24 2011. 27 2007.
  12. «Desktop».
  13. «Alternate»
  14. «Desktop»
  15. «Alternate»
  16. Hill, Benjamin Mako (26 2004). Ubuntu is Born. Ubuntu (A GNU/Linux Operating System): Past Present and Future.
  17. Shuttleworth, Mark. What about binary compatibility between distributions?. Edubuntu enci.
  18. Ubuntu Philosophy. Ubuntu.com
  19. internetnews.com Sarge vs. The Hoary Hedgehog?
  20. Mako Hill, Benjamin Announcing Launch of ($10m) Ubuntu Foundation  (.). ubuntu-announce. 12 2010.
  21. New Ubuntu Foundation Announced  (.), Canonical, Ubuntu.com. 12 2010.
  22. 1 2 Natty Release Schedule  (.), Canonical, Ubuntu enci. 30 2010.
  23. Ubuntu 11.04 To Ship Unity  (.) (25 2010 ). 24 2011. 2010-11-133.
  24. Ubuntu 11.04 GNOME Shell Unity  (.), OpenNET (25 2010 ). 25 2010.
  25. Ubuntu 11.04  (.). (29 2010 ). 24 2011. 13 2010.
  26. Unity on Wayland  (.) (4 2010 ). 24 2011. 13 2010.
  27. Ubuntu 11.04 Beta Introduction  (.). Canonical Ltd.  Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Beta 2.]. 24 2011.
  28. OneiricOcelot  Ubuntu enci
  29. http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/whats-new
  30. OneiricOcelot/ReleaseNotes  Ubuntu enci
  31. Grumpy Groundhog specification. Ubuntu.com
  32. RootSudo. Ubuntu enci
  33. HoaryGoals. Ubuntu enci. 11 2010.
  34. Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements, Ubuntu 11.04 (.)
  35. About GNOME. GNOME.org
  36. Publishing history of openoffice.org package in Ubuntu  (.). Launchpad. 12 2010.
  37. packages Changes in Ubuntu 11.04 beta1  (.).
  38. Publishing history of firefox-3.5 package in Ubuntu  (.). Launchpad. 12 2010.
  39. Desktop | Ubuntu
  40. Community MX: LinuXXX?
  41. Brand  Ubuntu enci
  42. Ubuntu, | ff.
  43. Ubuntu Linux 10.04 ( 1)    LinuxForum  Linux
  44. 1 2 DevelopmentCodeNames  Ubuntu enci
  45. Ubuntu 4.10 announcement
  46. Ubuntu 5.04 announcement
  47. Ubuntu 5.10 announcement
  48. Ubuntu 6.06 LTS announcement
  49. Ubuntu 6.06.1 LTS announcement
  50. Ubuntu 6.06.2 LTS announcement
  51. Ubuntu 6.06 LTS Desktop Edition reaches end-of-life on July 14, 2009
  52. Ubuntu 6.10 announcement
  53. Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)
  54. Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)
  55. 1 2 Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)
  56. Ubuntu 8.04.1 LTS (Hardy Heron)
  57. Ubuntu 8.04.2 LTS (Hardy Heron)
  58. Ubuntu 8.04.3 LTS (Hardy Heron)
  59. Ubuntu - | PR: Ubuntu 8.04 Desktop
  60. Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
  61. Ubuntu 8.10 reaches end-of-life on April 30, 2010
  62. Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)
  63. Ubuntu 9.04 reaches end-of-life on October 23, 2010
  64. Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)
  65. Introducing the Karmic Koala, our mascot for Ubuntu 9.10
  66. Ubuntu - | PR: Ubuntu 9.10
  67. Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)
  68. 1 2 Ubuntu 10.10
  69. Shooting for the Perfect 10.10 with Maverick Meerkat
  70. N-imal?
  71. OneiricReleaseSchedule  Ubuntu enci
  72. Next after Natty? (.) Ubuntu 11.10.
  73. PrecisePangolin  Ubuntu enci
  74. P is for (.)
  75. Quantal Quetzal  Ubuntu enci
  76. Quality has a new name (.)
  77. Ubuntu 10.04 Atlanta Linux Fest UbuCon.
  78. 1 2 Ubuntu/components. 24 2011. 3 2010.
  79. Ubuntu Licensing
  80. NVIDIA Software License
  81. Ubuntu Backports
  82. partners/certification/software
  83. Introducing the Dapper Commercial Repository. Unofficial Ubuntu blog
  84. Adding Canonical Partner Repositories
  85. Canonical Partner Repository index
  86. Ubuntu Support: ShipIt FAQ (.)
  87. ShipIt changes (.)
  88. Canonical Inc. Ubuntu Trademark Policy  (.). 24 2011. 28 2010.
  89. DistroWatch.com: Ubuntu DesktopPack
  90. Ubuntu / Kubuntu / Xubuntu / Lubuntu OEM
  91. SparkCraft!
  92. Gerry Carr Codecs and DVD playback on Ubuntu 8.04 for all users  (.). Canonical Blog. Canonical (15 September 2008). 24 2011. 18 2008.
  93. Linux | .
  94. French police deal blow to Microsoft  (.)
  95. Open Source 50 . .  habrahabr.ru
  96. : «Ubuntu  , » /
  97. Mark Shuttleworth " Blog Archive " Absolutely no truth to the rumour
  98. enciclopedia simplifies IT infrastructure by moving to one Linux vendor  Computerworld
  99. Servers/smaug  OpenStreetMap enci
  100. . | | «»
  101. Gijs Hillenius. FI: Over a hundred schools using open source  (.). Open Source News. OSOR.EU (13 May 2010). 24 2012. ( 24  2011)
  102. IBM:  (.). CNews.ru (30  2011). 28 2012. 7 2012.

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